IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA)
Robots are becoming part of people's everyday social lives and will increasingly become so. In future years, robots may become caretaker assistants for the elderly, or academic tutors for our children, or medical assistants, day care assistants, or psychological counselors. Robots may become our co-workers in factories and offices, or maids in our homes. The IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) is providing a platform to researchers, scientists, engineers and practitioners throughout the world to publish the latest achievement, future challenges and exciting applications of intelligent and autonomous robots. IJRA is aiming to push the frontier of robotics into a new dimension, in which motion and intelligence play equally important roles. Its scope includes (but not limited) to the following: automation control, automation engineering, autonomous robots, biotechnology and robotics, emergence of the thinking machine, forward kinematics, household robots and automation, inverse kinematics, Jacobian and singularities, methods for teaching robots, nanotechnology and robotics (nanobots), orientation matrices, robot controller, robot structure and workspace, robotic and automation software development, robotic exploration, robotic surgery, robotic surgical procedures, robotic welding, robotics applications, robotics programming, robotics technologies, robots society and ethics, software and hardware designing for robots, spatial transformations, trajectory generation, unmanned (robotic) vehicles, etc.
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Assembling, simulating, and recording robot videos as an effort to motivate middle school students and teachers of Science in Bengkulu Province
Mayub, Afrizal;
Fahmizal, Fahmizal;
Firdaus, M. Lutfi;
Johan, Henny;
Ruyani, Aceng;
Karyadi, Bhakti
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp146-156
The aim of this study was to determine the motivation of science teachers and students towards science after participating in the activity of assembling, simulating, and recording line follower robots as an effort to motivate middle school students and teachers towards science in Bengkulu Province. The research was done by direct practicing, where 60 students and 15 teachers of three junior high school (SMP): SMP Negeri 06 Seluma, SMP Negeri 02 Kota Bengkulu, and SMP Negeri 8 Rejang Lebong, were involved as the research subjects. The research activity concluded that the schools are ready to prepare simple electronics/robot laboratories for the three research subjects and the science teachers and students were motivated to learn science. It was seen from the score of 3.95 (scale of 1 to 5) for students, and for the science teacher, the score was 3.83 (scale of 1 to 5). The science teachers will follow up on robotics activities so that students will be interested in learning science at home and school.
Pick-and-place application using a dual arm collaborative robot and an RGB-D camera with YOLOv5
Kijdech, Dumrongsak;
Vongbunyong, Supachai
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp197-210
Nowadays, many industries use robots and cameras in tandem to detect specific objects and perform specific tasks. However, misdetection can occur due to inconsistencies in lighting, background, and environment. In order to address the aforementioned issues, this study proposes using a dual arm six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) collaborative robot, ABB YuMi, and red, green, blue-depth (RGB-D) camera with YOLOv5 in a pick-and-place application. In order to prepare the dataset, the images are collected and labeled. The dataset has been trained with the YOLOv5 machine learning algorithm. It has taken on the role of weight for real-time detection. When RGB images from a camera are sent to YOLOv5, data pertaining to the bottle’s position x-y and color are extracted from the depth and color images. The position of the robot is used to control its movement. There are three parts to the experiment. To begin, YOLOv5 is tested with and without trained images. Second, YOLOv5 is tested with real-time camera images. Finally, we assume that YOLOv5 has perfect detection and grasping ability. The results were 95, 90, and 90%.
Aerial robot swarms: a review
Luthra, Manan
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp137-145
The purpose of this review is to highlight the current research on aerial robot swarms and their applications. It focuses on the system architecture and follows the current trend in aerial robotics promoting research in this field along with its impact on society. Further, it explores the dynamics as well as the flying mechanisms of a drone and sheds light on the different algorithms being used to control aerial swarms. Due to a lot of research going on in this field, we also discuss the different trends that are active and of keen interest to the researchers, including the swarm pattern formation behavior.
Development of image super-resolution framework
Shekar, Sanvi;
Deepthi, Kakarla;
Rahul, D.;
K. S., Dhawan;
Hegde, Vinay V.
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp179-183
There are some scenarios where the images taken are of low resolution and it is hard to judge the features from them, resulting in the need for enhancement. Super-resolution is a technique to produce a high-resolution image from a lower-resolution image. The intention here is to develop a system that enhances images of faces and satellite images by integrating these models and providing an interface to access this model. There have been various ways of achieving super-resolution using different techniques. Throughout the years, techniques involving deep learning methods, interpolation techniques, and recursive networks have been explored. We find it promising to use generative adversarial networks (GANs). The system has been deployed through Google Collaborate, Python libraries, and the TensorFlow framework. To assess the developed system, which consists of images, three metrics have been calculated. namely, peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean squared error, and structural similarity index. The model successfully demonstrated the capability of GANs by efficiently generating a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image for the given cases. The model would then be run on a standalone server for free Internet access for users to use super-resolution facial images and satellite images.
3D human hands rendering by a six degrees of freedom collaborative robot and a single 2D camera
Boyack, Michael;
Sices, Alexsandra;
Jo, Bruce Woongyeol
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp125-136
Human hands are essential in everyday tasks, mainly manipulating and grasping objects. Thus, accurate and precise three-dimensional (3D) models of digitally reconstructed hands are valuable to the world of ergonomics. A 3D scan-to-render system called the “3D hands model rendering using a 6-degrees of freedom (DoF) collaborative robot” is proposed to ensure that a person receives the best possible outcome for their unique anatomy. The description implies this is using a 6-DoF robot with a two-dimensional (2D) camera sensor that will encompass all forms of the production line in a timely, low-cost, precise, and accurate manner so that an individual can go to and scan their hand and have an actual 3D reconstruction print within the same facility, the same day. It is expected to generate an accurate hand model using structure from motion (SFM) system techniques to create a dense point cloud using photogrammetry. The point cloud is used to develop the tetrahedral mesh of the surface of the hand. This mesh is then refined to filter out the noise of the point cloud. The mesh can produce a precise 3D model that can tailor products to the consumer's needs. The results show the effectiveness of the 3D model of the hand.
Semi-active structural vibration control with magnetorheological damper based on hybrid fuzzy sliding mode controller
Zizouni, Khaled;
Saidi, Abdelkrim;
Fali, Leyla;
Bousserhane, Ismail Khalil;
Djermane, Mohamed
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp167-178
Recently, structural vibration control has proved its capacity to save lives and keep structures safe during earthquakes. Furthermore, there is a wealth of research in both numerical and experimental studies. As a result, due to its simplicity and performance in mitigating structural vibrations generated by ground motions, semi-active control played a significant role in the majority of these studies. Nonetheless, the magnetorheological damper is the most often used semi-active device. In particular, the rheological fluid properties have gained adequate attention in earthquake energy dissipation and structural vibrations management, particularly in the civil engineering field. The semi-active control of three scaled excited structures is addressed in this study. A magnetorheological damper operated by a hybrid fuzzy sliding mode controller ensures the proposed control. However, to provide the appropriate current for the damper to operate, this proposed intelligent controller is combined with a clipped optimum algorithm. Otherwise, the numerical simulation results of the seismic excited scaled structure demonstrate the resilience of the suggested controller. As a result, four time-scaled seismic data are applied to the tested structure. Finally, the usefulness of the suggested semi-active control technique in mitigating earthquake structural vibration is demonstrated clearly in the compared controlled and uncontrolled responses.
Real-time microreaction recognition system
Wu, Yi-Chang;
Liu, Yao-Cheng;
Huang, Ru-Yi
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp157-166
This study constructed a real-time microreaction recognition system that can give real-time assistance to investigators. Test results indicated that the number of frames per second (30 or 190); angle of the camera, namely the front view of the interviewee or left (+45°) or right (−45°) view; and image resolution (480 or 680 p) did not have major effects on the system’s recognition ability. However, when the camera was placed at a distance of 300 cm, recognition did not always succeed. Value changes were larger when the camera was placed at an elevation 45° than when it was placed directly in front of the person being interrogated. Within a specific distance, the recognition results of the proposed real-time microreaction recognition system concurred with the six reaction case videos. In practice, only the distance and height of the camera must be adjusted in the real-time microreaction recognition system.
Smart factory for future industry development
Rahman, Atiqur;
Arthur, Seleman Daudi
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp192-196
The paradigm of the smart factory is thought of as an innovative outline for the fourth industrial revolt. The GLOVA G7-DR20U is set as a programmable logic controller (PLC) for monitoring the performance of the smart factory while using the NodeMCU-V3 esp8266 as the internet of things (IoT) board for interaction between managers and the factory using the personal digital assistant (PDA) programming that has been written in the RabitMQ platform. The program logged inner PLC by applying ladder language for monitoring the performance of PLC. With the completion of intelligent PLC, it is likely to extend the existing making capability in the factory with simplicity. This work joins a PLC used as a parent control unit, apps, user programs, and human-machine interface, with the Internet. The proposed model of the smart factory holds two motors one for the parallel drive and the other for the upright drive. While running the system, we observe that the proposal is working correctly, and the reply to the interaction method via IoT is excellent.
Position control of AX-12 servo motor using proportional-integral-derivative controller with particle swarm optimization for robotic manipulator application
Al Tahtawi, Adnan Rafi;
Putri, Fina Sonia;
Martin, Martin
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 12, No 2: June 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v12i2.pp184-191
This study proposes a control method for servo motor position using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with particle swarm optimization (PSO). We use an AX-12 servo motor that is commonly used for robotic manipulator applications. The angular position of the servo motor will be controlled using the PID control method with PSO as a controller gain optimizer. Firstly, the transfer function model of the servo motor is generated using open-loop model identification. Then, the integral error of the closed-loop system is used as PSO input in producing PID controller gain. As an objective function of the PSO algorithm, the integral time absolute error (ITAE) index performance is used. The proposed controller was tested and compared with PID with the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method. We also conduct the hardware experiment using Arduino Uno as a microcontroller using one AX-12 servo motor on the base joint of the manipulator robot. Based on the simulation result, the PID-PSO controller can achieve the best control response performance if compared to PID-ZN with a rise time is less than 0.5 s, a settling time of fewer than 8 s, and an overshoot under 1.2%. The effectiveness of the proposed PID-PSO controller is also validated by hardware experimental results.