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INDONESIA
Indonesian Physical Review
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 26151278     EISSN : 26147904     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Education Physics
Indonesian Physical Review is a peer review journal which is managed and published by Physics Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mataram. This journal is published periodically three times a year, in January, May and September. IPR is Open Accsess for all readers and includes research developments in physics both experimentally and analytically. Focus and scope include Theoritical Physics, Computation, Material sciences, Instrumentation, Biophysics, Geophysics, and Optics.
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Articles 232 Documents
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FIRST PRINCIPLES STUDY ON ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CoX (X=Cr, Mn, Ti, V) co-DOPED ZnO SEMICONDUCTOR Harry Prayoga; Abdul Rajak; Agustina Widiyani; Priyan Prayogo; Fatimatul Musfiroh; Indra Pardede
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.530

Abstract

The development of solar energy materials is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, their performance is often limited by the electronic and optical properties of commonly used semiconductors. Unlike previous DFT studies mostly focused on non–transition metal dopants (e.g., Al, Ga), this work explores pristine ZnO, single cobalt (Co) doping, and CoX (X = chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), and vanadium (V)) codoping to reveal how single and dual 3d-orbital interactions modify its electronic and optical behavior. This study investigates the effects of transition metal codoping CoX (X = Cr, Mn, Ti, V) on ZnO using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and DFT with Hubbard U correction (DFT+U) within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) to evaluate opto-electronic properties. The bandgap of pristine ZnO was calculated as ~0.80 eV with standard DFT, while ZnO-Co and ZnO-CoX exhibited zero bandgap with a flatband due to conduction band overlap with the Fermi level, indicating metallic behavior resulting from d-orbital contributions. DFT+U improved the pristine ZnO bandgap to ~1.08 eV, although Co-doped and CoX co-doped remained metallic. Orbital resolved analysis shows that Ti and V introduce states near the valence band, while Cr and Mn shift states deeper below the Fermi level, reflecting distinct d-orbital interactions. The theoretical band gaps underestimated experimental values due to strong electron correlation in ZnO. Optical analysis revealed that Co and CoX codoping shifts the absorption edge into the visible range and enhances the absorption intensity. The presence of dopants alters the electronic band structure and enhances optical absorption in the visible range, underscoring their effectiveness in engineering ZnO-based semiconductors for optimized optoelectronic responses.
ANALYSIS OF SOIL DYNAMICS AND GROUND MOVEMENT VULNERABILITY USING THE HVSR METHOD BASED ON MICROTREMOR MEASUREMENTS IN THE SEMPU AREA, PASURUAN Yuansyah Dhaniar Ramadhan; Adedio Daniel Situmeang; M. Rizky Saputra; Safira Nur Cholisatin; Divana Zumrotul Asyfiya; Alif Haidar Safrian; Muhammad Nurul Fahmi; Madlazim Madlazim; Arie Realita
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.561

Abstract

The Sempu Area, located in Cowek Village, Purwodadi Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, has a high potential for ground movement due to its lithological conditions, which consist of loose volcanic deposits and weathered sedimentary rocks, thereby increasing the risk of seismic wave amplification. This study aims to analyze the dynamics and soil vulnerability to ground movement phenomena using the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method based on microtremor data. Data collection was conducted at 15 measurement points using a three-component seismograph, with a recording duration of 20 minutes per point. The data were analyzed using SeismoWin for signal filtering, Geopsy for extracting the fundamental frequency (f₀) and amplification values, and Surfer and ArcGIS for spatial visualization in the form of dominant frequency maps, amplification maps, and soil vulnerability index (Kg) distribution. The results showed that the dominant frequency values ranged from 2.75 to 5.92 Hz, with a maximum amplification value of 6.18. The most vulnerable zones were identified in the central part of the hamlet, specifically at points 10 and 14, which exhibited the highest Kg value of 14.12. These findings indicate the presence of significant local resonance zones arising from unconsolidated lithology, thereby increasing the risk of damage from seismic shaking. The implications of this study support land-use planning based on seismic microzonation and the development of more precise disaster mitigation strategies in areas prone to ground movement.
EVALUATION OF THE C4.5 METHOD FOR THUNDERSTORM CLASSIFICATION AT SULTAN HASANUDDIN AIRPORT USING RADIOSONDE STABILITY INDICES (2013–2024) Muhammad Syawal; Eko Hadi Sujiono; Husain Husain; Adi Prasetiyo
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.570

Abstract

Thunderstorms pose a serious threat to aviation, including at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport. Weather forecasters typically utilize radiosonde data, including the Showalter Index (SI), Lifted Index (LI), K Index (KI), and Precipitable Water (PW), to categorize thunderstorm occurrences. These data have varying values, which can potentially cause overlapping index distributions and subjectivity in decision-making. Therefore, the C4.5 method is needed to minimize this potential. The C4.5 method generally consists of root nodes to leaf nodes derived from gain and entropy information. This research aims to classify thunderstorm occurrences using the C4.5 method and verify them with accuracy, recall, balanced accuracy, True Skill Statistic (TSS), and Critical Success Index (CSI). The data used in this study span the period from 2013 to 2024, with a 12-hour time interval (00 UTC and 12 UTC), encompassing SI, LI, KI, and PW data sourced from radiosonde launches, as well as thunderstorm occurrence data obtained from synop codes. The data from 2013 to 2024 was then divided into two parts, namely training data (2013-2021) and testing data (2022-2024). The classification results for 2022-2024 were dominated by the non-occurrence of thunderstorms, with 1901 occurrences, while there were only 31 thunderstorm occurrences. For the overall verification results, the C4.5 method achieves a relatively good accuracy (0.785). However, recall (0.027), balanced accuracy (0.507), TSS (0.014), and CSI (0.026) have low values. 
MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MINERAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF KARST ROCKS FROM RAMMANG-RAMMANG KARST AREA, MAROS REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Syahruni, Risda; Susanto, Agus; Arsyad, Muhammad; Subaer, Subaer; Husain, Husain
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.575

Abstract

This study investigates the magnetic characteristics and mineral composition of rocks in the Rammang-Rammang Karst area, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to clarify lithological variability and its implications for local magnetic anomalies. A total of 25 rock samples collected from field sampling points were analysed using a Bartington Susceptibility Meter, while five samples were further examined with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The magnetic susceptibility values range from –0.6 to 10.5 m³/kg, indicating a predominance of diamagnetic behaviour with minor contributions from paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic minerals. Hysteresis curve analysis from VSM confirmed the consistency between magnetic responses and susceptibility measurements. XRF results show that Ca dominates the rocks (>95%), with minor amounts of Fe, Ti, Si, Mn, Cu, Sr, Mo, In, and Co, as well as trace amounts of rare-earth elements (Lu, Eu). XRD analysis confirmed calcite (CaCO₃) as the principal mineral phase, with crystallite sizes ranging from 39 to 44 nm, and the presence of dolomite in sample T18. The spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility indicates that most of the study area exhibits low and negative values, reflecting diamagnetic behaviour. Whereas the highest value occurs at sampling point T12, which localizes the highest-susceptibility area, marked in red. These results indicate that the magnetic variability of Rammang-Rammang rocks is controlled by minor accessory magnetic minerals, providing valuable insights for mineral exploration and mitigating local magnetic anomalies.  
PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D-PRINTED HIPS BOLUSES AT DIFFERENT THICKNESSES AND INFILL DENSITIES FOR RADIOTHERAPY Faisal Ahlan Rizaldi; Sri Herwiningsih; Dionysius J.D.H. Santjojo; Luthfia Aqila Abrar
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.583

Abstract

In external beam radiation therapy, conventional boluses have limitations in conforming to irregular skin surfaces, leading to the formation of air gaps between the skin surface and the bolus. The fabrication of a three-dimensional printed (3D-printed) bolus using 3D printing improves the bolus’s conformity to the irregular skin surface. This study aims to evaluate the physical characteristics and tissue-equivalent properties of HIPS filament and 3D-printed HIPS boluses at different thicknesses and infill densities. The physical characteristics of HIPS filament, including density, electron density, and Relative Electron Density (RED), were measured. At the same time, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to determine the mass fraction percentages of polystyrene and polybutadiene. The 3D-printed HIPS boluses were characterized for bulk density, electron density, RED, water absorption percentage, internal pore size, and total pore volume, with bulk density and RED compared to those of adipose tissue. The physical characteristics of the HIPS filament showed a density of 1.01 g/cm3, an electron density of 3.29 × 1023 electrons/cm3, and a RED of 0.98, resembling those of adipose tissue. The physical characteristics of 3D-printed HIPS boluses at different infill densities showed bulk density ranging from 0.61 g/cm3 to 0.81 g/cm3, electron density ranging from 2.00×1023 electrons/cm3 to 2.63×1023 electrons/cm3, RED ranging from 0.59 to 0.79, and water absorption percentage ranging from 2.9% to 7.9%. The evaluation results showed that the 3D-printed HIPS bolus with a thickness of 0.6 cm and 80% infill density was the optimal configuration, exhibiting the lowest water absorption, smallest internal pore size and total pore volume, with bulk density and RED most similar to those of adipose tissue.
THERMOPHYSICAL AND THERMAL CHARGING ENHANCEMENT OF PEG/Al₂O₃ COMPOSITES FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (TES) Amdy Fachredzy; Chyntia R. Situmorang; Erna Frida; Ariadne L. Juwono; Anggito P. Tetuko; Muhammad Fauzi; Muhammad A. H. Nabawi; Achmad Maulana S. Sebayang; Eko A. Setiadi
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i1.610

Abstract

The transition to renewable energy continues to face challenges in balancing supply and demand. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) based on Phase Change Materials (PCM) offers a potential solution, with polyethylene glycol (PEG) providing high storage capacity but low thermal conductivity. This study focuses on enhancing the performance of PEG 6000 by incorporating aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃, 8 and 12 wt.%) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed that no new phases were formed, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) recorded an increase in latent heat up to 224.6 J/g for PEG/Al₂O₃ 12%. Thermal conductivity improved by more than 33.3%, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) verified enhanced thermal stability. Charging–discharging tests further demonstrated an extended average charging time with slight fluctuations during discharging. These findings highlight the promising potential of PEG/Al₂O₃ composites for TES applications in renewable energy systems.
DESIGN AND FIELD VALIDATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC-POWERED WATER FLOW MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES Aruan, Nenni Mona; Wardhani, Primasari Cahya; Cundaningsih, Nurvita; Pujianti, Autia Nurul; Rahmadani, Imelda Putri Alyah
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i2.562

Abstract

The integration of renewable energy sources with sensor-based instrumentation offers a transformative approach to sustainable infrastructure, especially in water utility management. This study presents the development of a solar-powered autonomous water flow monitoring system deployed at the Lamongan municipal drinking-water utility (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum; PDAM) in Indonesia. The system employs a 250 Wp photovoltaic (PV) module, coupled with an 18 V battery unit and a 10 A solar charge controller, enabling fully off-grid operation. A DC–DC buck converter maintains stable 50 V ± 2% regulation, supplying power to a calibrated flow sensor and a digital data acquisition unit, with an average power consumption of 0.5 W. Together, these components form a compact, self-sustaining instrumentation platform for real-time, continuous water flow monitoring. From the perspective of physics and instrumentation engineering, this research addresses the photovoltaic energy conversion process, electrical stability in DC power distribution, and flow signal conditioning under fluctuating solar irradiance. The flow sensor interface achieves an average accuracy of ±2% (2.08% with a coefficient of determination of 0.9984) over 1 to 20 Ls-1, supported by volumetric measurements. Long-term field operations over three months confirm stable system performance, with continuous data acquisition and negligible measurement drift, even under partial shading and low irradiance conditions. Power system monitoring indicates reliable energy autonomy with minimal interruption to sensor operation. The results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves accurate, stable, and energy-efficient real-time flow measurement without reliance on grid power. This study provides a validated instrumentation framework for renewable energy-powered sensing systems, enabling scalable deployment in smart water networks and other resource-monitoring applications.
DEEP INTRASLAB DEFORMATION OFFSHORE NORTHERN JAVA REVEALED BY TIME-DOMAIN MOMENT TENSOR (TDMT) INVERSION Fahmi, Muhammad Nurul; Indrawati, Yuni; Realita, Arie; Madlazim, Madlazim
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i2.564

Abstract

This study investigates deep-focus intraslab deformation offshore Northern Java by analyzing two recent major earthquakes: 6 July 2020 (  6.67) and 14 April 2023 (  6.96), occurring at centroid depths of ~500–600 km. The objective is to constrain the source mechanisms and infer the prevailing deformation regime within the subducting Indo-Australian slab. We perform time-domain moment tensor (TDMT) inversion of broadband waveforms (GE/GEOFON network) using MTTime, with standard preprocessing (instrument correction and band-pass filtering) and Green’s functions computed from the 1-D ak135 velocity model. Centroid depth is refined via a grid search that maximizes waveform variance reduction (VR). The preferred solutions show good waveform agreement (VR = 82.0% for the 2020 event and 71.6% for the 2023 event) and are consistent with Global CMT solutions (Kagan angles = 7.04° and 6.31°, respectively). Both earthquakes exhibit oblique normal faulting with a persistent dextral strike-slip component, indicating a dominantly extensional stress regime at depth, likely driven by slab pull/gravitational sinking, while the consistent trench-parallel shear suggests more complex internal slab deformation. These results provide quantitative constraints on deep intraslab kinematics beneath Java and motivate expanded event sampling for a more robust regional interpretation.
THE EFFECT OF DEPOSITION TEMPERATURE ON Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) THIN FILMS GROWN BY DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERING Fianti, Fianti; Mulia, Shila Artha; Sari, Nabila Rizkina; Firdhosiyah, Siti; Astuti, Budi; Marwoto, Putut; Kim, Kyoo Ho; Amal, Muhammad Ikhlasul; Muslih, Ersan Yudhapratama
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i2.616

Abstract

Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin films were successfully deposited on soda lime glass substrates using the DC Magnetron Sputtering method at a plasma power of 42 W, an argon gas pressure of 500 mTorr, and deposition temperatures ranging from 27 °C to 400 °C for 7 hours, using a Cu₂ZnSnS₄ target with 99% purity. The effect of varying temperatures was characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the film structure, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to analyze morphology and composition, and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry to evaluate optical properties. Film composition showed non-stoichiometric characteristics, with elemental ranges of Cu (20.66–32.81) %, Zn (14.08–25.67) %, Sn (21.87–37.05) %, and S (25.42–31.22) %. All samples exhibited a Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio of less than 1, indicating Cu-poor compositions typical of p-type semiconductors. XRD analysis revealed that the formation of the Cu₂ZnSnS₄ phase began at a deposition temperature of 100 °C, while stable kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ crystals were obtained at 400 °C, corresponding to the (112) crystal plane. The absorption coefficients and band gap energies ranged from 10⁴ to 10⁵ cm ¹ and from 1.34 to 2.175 eV, respectively, confirming the suitability of the films for solar cell applications. SEM observations indicated that higher deposition temperature promoted more successful grain growth. Overall, higher deposition temperatures yield better Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin films.
USE OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY FOR MAPPING THE LEACHATE DISTRIBUTION IN BLANG BINTANG SANITARY LANDFILL, ACEH DISTRICT Masrurah, Zakia; Muhni, Akmal; Yanis, Muhammad; Zainal, Muzakir
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v9i2.549

Abstract

An increase in waste in urban areas, especially in landfills, can produce leachate that has the potential to pollute the environment. The Blang Bintang waste treatment facility, which uses a sanitary landfill system, is in a hilly area with complex geology dominated by andesite volcanic rocks. This study aims to identify and estimate the level of leachate contamination at the Blang Bintang landfill in Aceh using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT).  Four ERT profiles were measured in the leachate treatment facility area, spanning 180 meters in length and up to 30 meters in depth. ERT data analysis using the Res2dinv software produced an accurate model with an RMS error of 10%-20%. The modeling results indicate the presence of conductive zones (5–150 Ohm.m) near the surface layers of profiles 1 and 2, suggesting leachate contamination. The electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) model further demonstrates leachate accumulation in the subsurface, which poses a potential risk to groundwater quality. In Profile 3, conductive zones (5–200 Ohm.m) are observed along the underground leachate pipeline. For Profile 4, conductive layers (15–250 Ohm.m) are attributed to seepage from the first leachate pond, indicating substantial contamination. This study provides landfill managers with valuable data on subsurface contamination that cannot be identified from surface observations. It also advances geophysical methods for environmental impact assessments.

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