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INDONESIA
Indonesian Physical Review
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 26151278     EISSN : 26147904     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Education Physics
Indonesian Physical Review is a peer review journal which is managed and published by Physics Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mataram. This journal is published periodically three times a year, in January, May and September. IPR is Open Accsess for all readers and includes research developments in physics both experimentally and analytically. Focus and scope include Theoritical Physics, Computation, Material sciences, Instrumentation, Biophysics, Geophysics, and Optics.
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Articles 221 Documents
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HAWKING TEMPERATURE IN SCHWARZSCHILD BLACK HOLES WITH QUINTESSENCE DARK ENERGY Widiyani, Agustina; Sari, Ana Novita; Permanasari, Ikah Ning Prasetiowati; Satria, Eko; Pohan, Azrul Sulaiman Karim; Kesuma, Weni Ayu Puja; Pardede, Indra; Suroso, Agus
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.454

Abstract

Black holes are thermodynamic objects that emit Hawking radiation near the event horizon of a black hole according to the theory of quantum gravity in curved space-time. This radiation is manifested as the temperature of a black hole, known as the Hawking temperature. According to black hole thermodynamics, the black hole horizon area corresponds to the entropy. The increase in the horizon area is predicted due to the influence of dark energy, which can push the horizon of the black hole away from its center, thus significantly affecting the radiation of the black hole. Here, we investigate the Hawking temperature of the Schwarzschild black hole under the effect of quintessence dark energy. The results show that the increase in quintessence reduces the horizon radius of the black hole and lowers its Hawking temperature, highlighting the direct relationship between dark energy and black hole dynamics.
IDENTIFICATION OF SEAWATER INTRUSION DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS USING 2D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) DATA IN SEMARANG, INDONESIA Minarto, Eko; Utami, Amanda Rizky; Handayani, Lina; Sudrajat, Yayat
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.461

Abstract

Various environmental problems exist in the northern coast area of Semarang, Indonesia, including land subsidence, tidal flooding, increased chloride content in several monitoring wells, and salinity in resident wells. These issues indicate a decrease in groundwater quality caused by seawater intrusion. Sanitary and health issues have a significant impact on many environmental issues, including decreased soil fertility and building damage. The problem of seawater intrusion can be identified by the geoelectric resistivity method (multi-electrode dipole-dipole configuration). The aim of this research is to detect the presence of seawater intrusion in groundwater zones and determine the extent of its distribution to the mainland. Data collection was carried out along the western canal flood. The data obtained distribution of subsurface apparent resistivity values. Interpretation of the 2D cross-sectional model identified as a seawater intrusion zone with low resistivity (𝜌 < 3 Ω m) ranging from 0-2.600 m. Thick in the northward with a depth of 30-60 m and becomes thin in the south at 2.600 m. At a trajectory 2.600-7.000 m low resistivity is still found in a local spot. The result of the 2D cross-section model inversion shows very good result. Predicted data is quite close to the observed data shown by an average small RMS 2.37% - 4.11%. And shown by a fast convergence curve. The coastal area of Semarang is also found to be made up of five layers: alluvial soft clay, silt clay, sandy clay, granule sand, and coarse sand. These results fit with the well log data around the research area. Estimates of the distribution of seawater intrusion in more detail to the mainland need to be further investigated using other geophysical methods and testing of monitoring wells or resident wells around the research area for more accurate results.
ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL CONDITIONS 20 YEARS POST-TSUNAMI USING RESISTIVITY AND SOIL PH METHODS Adiannur, Rahiel; Amsir, Amsir; Masrurah, Zakia; Marwan, Marwan; Mohammed, Mustapha Adejo
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.463

Abstract

The tsunami that struck Aceh in 2004 caused significant damage to agricultural land, altering soil properties and affecting productivity. Mon Ikeun Village was one of the most affected areas in the Lhoknga Subdistrict of Aceh Besar Regency. As an agricultural area vulnerable to soil salinization, it faced reduced soil quality, fertility, and nutrient availability risks, which could significantly decrease crop productivity. Therefore, assessing the current condition of agricultural soils is essential to determine whether recovery has occurred or if contamination persists. This research investigates the condition of agricultural soils two decades after the tsunami by analyzing resistivity and soil pH measurements. The resistivity data were collected using a SuperSting R8 device with a Wenner configuration and subsequently processed with IPI2WIN. The pH was determined with a Hanna HI 991001 pH Meter. The results reveal that the affected soils present resistivity values between 9.06 Ωm and 131 Ωm, indicating compositions of sandy clay and sand layers. Soil pH ranges from 4.9 to 6.2, indicating slightly acidic to near-neutral conditions, suitable for agriculture. These results indicate a substantial recovery in soil conditions, especially when compared to a control site in a non-affected area with similar land characteristics. This reinforces the interpretation that the tsunami’s impact has diminished over time. This recovery is likely influenced by natural processes such as leaching of contaminants through rainfall. This integrated approach effectively evaluates long-term changes in agricultural soil affected by the tsunami. However, to obtain a clearer understanding of the soil recovery process, future studies could include additional measurements such as soil nutrient analysis, electrical conductivity, or salinity levels to offer more detailed insights.
REFORMULATION OF GEOMETRIC OPTICS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ABELIAN U(1) GAUGE THEORY: A NOVEL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING LIGHT PROPAGATION Natalisanto, Adrianus Inu; Purwaningsih, Sri
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.464

Abstract

This study introduces a reformulation of geometrical optics through the framework of Abelian U(1) gauge theory. By leveraging this novel approach, phase equations are derived, serving as the cornerstone for determining the trajectories of light rays. The proposed formulation is validated through simulations of light propagation in diverse scenarios, including homogeneous refractive index media, vacuum, anisotropic materials, and optical metamaterials. These results underscore the versatility and predictive power of this gauge-theoretic approach, opening new avenues for exploring and modeling complex optical phenomena.
ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE DISASTER POTENTIAL IN MEULABOH AREA, WEST ACEH REGENCY, ACEH USING RESISTIVITY AND GEOSPATIAL METHODS Agnia, Lasin; Amsir, Amsir; Marwan, Marwan; Masrurah, Zakia; Pramana, Agus Hari
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.469

Abstract

Meulaboh, in West Aceh Regency, is one of the areas with potential for landslides. The goal of this research is to identify soil conditions that could lead to landslides based on resistivity data, as well as to analyze the distribution of landslide potential using geospatial data. This research provides benefits to various stakeholders, including the government. It contributes to improved disaster mitigation planning, reduced risk of losses, and the selection of appropriate materials to construct more disaster-resilient infrastructure. The research methods used are 2D resistivity and geospatial methods with weighted overlay analysis. Based on the processing results of 2D resistivity data from profiles 1 and 2, the study area is characterized by silt, sand, and sandstone. The resistivity values of the material in profile 1, identified for silt, range between 1 and 119 Ω.m at depths of 2-59 meters. For sand, the resistivity values range between 120-225 Ω.m at 2-61 meters depths. Sandstone has resistivity values that range between 226-500 Ω.m at depths of 3-62 meters. The resistivity values of the material in profile 2, identified for silt, range between 1-119 Ω.m at depths of 1.5-60 meters. For sand, the resistivity values range between 120-225 Ω.m at 9-59 meters depths. Sandstone has resistivity values that range between 226-500 Ω.m at depths of 15-39.4 meters. The presence of silt (1-119 Ω.m) increases the potential for landslides due to its cohesive nature. Based on the weighted overlay analysis processing results, the study area has a moderate potential for landslides. The study area has characteristics such as a gentle to steep slope (8-45%), a high rainfall rate (2500-3000 mm/yr), a lithology consisting of rocks from the Tutut Formation, including silt, sand, and a small amount of conglomerate, and land that is used for plantations and rice fields.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST OPTICAL SENSOR-BASED DEVICE FOR REAL-TIME MICROALGAE CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT Syafutra, Heriyanto; Rustami, Erus; Claudia, Stephanie; Hardiningtyas, Safrina Dyah; Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Zuhri, Mahfuddin
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.473

Abstract

Conventional methods for measuring microalgae concentration in water require several steps and must be carried out in the laboratory. These measurements are usually performed by counting microalgae filaments under an optical microscope using the Sedgewick Rafter Counting (SRC) method or by spectroscopy, utilizing light absorption by microalgae's chlorophyll. In this study, we propose an innovative and portable spectroscopic device for real-time measurement of microalgae concentration by integrating a light-dependent resistor (LDR) sensor and a microcontroller-based processing unit. The microalgae used in this study were Spirulina, a filamentous microalga from the class Cyanophyceae. The SRC method was used as a reference for measuring Spirulina concentration. UV-Vis spectroscopy data showed that the absorption of chlorophyll a and b was in the range of 400 - 450 nm. The absorption coefficients obtained from the UV-Vis absorbance vs. concentration relationship were in good agreement with those obtained from the logarithmic light intensity vs. concentration relationship across all tested predictive models. We confirmed that the emission spectrum of the LED used was aligned with the dominant absorption of Spirulina chlorophyll, ensuring accurate optical detection of microalgae concentration. The developed device demonstrated rapid estimation of microalgae concentration, with an average accuracy of more than 75%. This study showed that a portable and low-cost microalgae concentration measurement system can be developed using optical sensors and microcontrollers as an alternative to laboratory-based measurements. In addition, the designed device can be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, enabling real-time monitoring of environmental conditions for applications such as water quality assessment, aquaculture, and biofuel production.
INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION AND LYOPHILIZATION TIME ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HA/Cs/Coll/ HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE BIOCOMPOSITES FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS Purnaning, Dyah; Hurnah, Hurnah; Taufik S, Ahmad; Rahayu, Susi; Kurniawidi, Dian W.; Hadi, Kasnawi Al
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.474

Abstract

Biomaterial implants are one of the alternatives to replace damaged organs in the body system temporarily (scaffolding) or permanently. Bone biomaterial implants can be obtained through the manufacture of HA/Cs/Coll (HA/Cs/Coll) biocompositeses with the addition of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix. The objective is to evaluate how variations in material composition and lyophilization time affect the physical properties of the biocomposites, including density, compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and surface morphology. The manufacture of  biocomposites uses the mechanical thermal method for mixing materials and the freeze drying method for the biocomposites drying process. Composition ratios of HA:Cs/Coll were varied at 3:7, 5:5, and 7:3, while lyophilization durations were set at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Characterizations were performed through density measurements, mechanical testing using a Tensilon machine, and surface morphology analysis using a digital microscope. The results showed that the comparison of biocomposites with a ratio of 7:3 had the highest density of 0.150 gr/cm³, compressive strength of 0.046 MPa, and young modulus of 0.3 MPa. Meanwhile, the biocomposites that was lyophilized for 48 hours showed the best balance between a density of 0.145 gr/cm³, a compressive strength of 0.08 MPa, and a young modulus of 0.17 MPa. Morphological analysis revealed improved porosity and surface uniformity with longer freeze-drying times. Based on this, the resulting HA/Cs/Coll biocompositese has potential as an implant material but further research is needed to improve its mechanical properties by increasing the concentration of the binder, namely HPMC.
LABORATORY MODEL LANDSLIDE MONITORING SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) TECHNOLOGY Manuhutu, Fredrik; Souisa, Matheus; Sapulete, Sisca M.
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.479

Abstract

A landslide disaster is one of the natural disasters that has a detrimental impact on society. This impact can be avoided if the community knows the signs of landslides and gets a warning that a landslide will occur. Therefore, this study aims to design an laboratory landslide warning monitoring system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Landslide monitoring using a tilt sensor connected to a web communication network. Before data testing, IoT sensor calibration was carried out. The calibration results showed a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9967), so that this sensor system can be used as a smart sensor in monitoring landslides. In the data acquisition process, the IoT system sends data in real time which is received by the computer via the internet network. The web communication network displays the results in the form of a 2D profile in real time, namely a graph of the slope angle against time. To confirm the web monitoring data, a computer programming language is used to display a 3D profile of the slip plane. The study results show that IoT technology can monitor landslides and the presence of artificial rain in real time with a reading of the soil displacement sensor of 32.4°. At this angle, a landslide occurs until it deposits under the foot of the slope, with a landslide mass deposition rate of 0.0012 m3/s. The designed IoT system is portable and permanent and can monitor landslides. This system can be developed more widely in areas prone to landslides for smart communities and can be used as a disaster prevention and mitigation movement in arranging spatial planning based on disaster mitigation. This research can advance our understanding of landslide monitoring dynamics using web-based IoT systems, providing important insights for mitigation strategies and future research.
ENHANCED THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-BASED PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS USING ZnO Fachredzy, Amdy; Manalu, Emmy S.; Sihotang, M. Sontang; Juwono, Ariadne L.; Tetuko, Anggito P.; Fauzi, Muhammad; Nabawi, Muhammad A. H.; Sebayang, Achmad Maulana S.; Setiadi, Eko A.
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i3.485

Abstract

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), an organic Phase Change Material (PCM) known for its high latent heat capacity and biocompatibility, suffers from poor thermal conductivity. This research explored the addition of ZnO (at 8 and 12 wt.%) as an enhancer and SDBS as a surfactant, utilizing a two-step homogenization process at 80°C for 4 h. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that no chemical interactions or new phases occurred. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) findings revealed an enhancement in PEG's latent heat of PEG from 214 J/g to 238.3 J/g (with 8 wt.% ZnO) and 257.7 J/g (with 12 wt.% ZnO). The thermal conductivity improved by 28.2% and 30.3%, respectively, while Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated increased thermal stability.  The addition of ZnO can improve the conductivity and thermal stability, while the role of SDBS is significant in increasing the latent heat, making this composite a potential candidate for Thermal Energy Storage system (TES) applications.
ECO FRIENDLY CITRIC ACID-ASSISTED SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-PURITY NANO SILICA FROM DIENG GEOTHERMAL SLAG: CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION METHOD Birawidha, David C; Manaf, Azwar; Astuti, Widi; Daulay, Amru; Haryono, Tri; Sari, Yuliana; Suprihatin, Suprihatin
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.486

Abstract

Geothermal slag is a by-product of the geothermal power generation process, but its added value is minimal. With a silica content of up to 70%, geothermal slag has potential as a secondary silicon source for battery silicon anode precursors. Usually, the synthesis of nano-silica was carried out through the sol-gel method, in which HCl is usually used as a modifier to regulate the physical and chemical properties of the material. But in this study chose citric acid for modifier agent because it is more environmentally friendly. The challenge of using citric acid is the formation of carbon-based salts that can cause silica blackening if not washed well. Therefore, optimization was done by adjusting the pH to produce high-purity nano-silica. The sol-gel process was carried out by adding 10% NaOH and 5N Citric Acid, with varying pH base conditions from 8 to 11. XRF analysis results showed the highest purity at pH 8. Impurities were still visible based on XRD data, and the formation of nanoparticles was confirmed through morphological analysis using FESEM and TEM where the average particle size formed is between 55 nm.

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