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International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)
Published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
ISSN : 20894864     EISSN : 27222608     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
The centre of gravity of the computer industry is now moving from personal computing into embedded computing with the advent of VLSI system level integration and reconfigurable core in system-on-chip (SoC). Reconfigurable and Embedded systems are increasingly becoming a key technological component of all kinds of complex technical systems, ranging from audio-video-equipment, telephones, vehicles, toys, aircraft, medical diagnostics, pacemakers, climate control systems, manufacturing systems, intelligent power systems, security systems, to weapons etc. The aim of IJRES is to provide a vehicle for academics, industrial professionals, educators and policy makers working in the field to contribute and disseminate innovative and important new work on reconfigurable and embedded systems. The scope of the IJRES addresses the state of the art of all aspects of reconfigurable and embedded computing systems with emphasis on algorithms, circuits, systems, models, compilers, architectures, tools, design methodologies, test and applications.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 479 Documents
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Wideband frequency-reconfigurable antenna for sub-6 GHz wireless communication Tandel, Tejal; Trapasiya, Samir
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 14, No 3: November 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v14.i3.pp614-625

Abstract

This paper presents a compact dual-band frequency-reconfigurable monopole antenna for sub-6 GHz wireless applications. Using a single PIN diode, the antenna switches between 2.7 GHz and 3.9 GHz bands, achieving bandwidths of 472 MHz and 1130 MHz, respectively, with peak gains up to 1.65 dB. The demand for smaller devices has driven the development of compact antennas capable of operating across multiple bands. The main benefits of this antenna include its compact size, enhanced bandwidth, and design simplicity, which is achieved by integrating slots into the patch and introducing a tiny slot etched over the ground plane. The antenna is created using an FR4 material with a thickness of 1.6 mm and dimensions of 25×15 mm². The antenna prototype was fabricated and tested to validate its performance. Simulation optimization reveals that the antenna operates with a gain of 0.9–1.65 dB and a bandwidth of (472–1130 MHz). The design also achieves a VSWR of less than 1.3 and a radiation efficiency between 74% and 78%. The performance enhancement of the reconfigurable antenna was fine-tuned utilizing microwave solvers in both computer simulation technology (CST) and advance design system (ADS).
Development of a blockchain-based electronic voting system utilizing national identification number Bismark, Olabode Idowu-; Oshin, Oluwadamilola; Adetiba, Emmanuel
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 14, No 3: November 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v14.i3.pp810-820

Abstract

Traditional voting methods in Nigeria face numerous challenges, including logistic issues, security concerns, and allegations of fraud, which undermine public trust. This work develops a blockchain-based electronic voting system (EVS) that leverages the national identification number (NIN) for biometric verification to address these issues. The research identifies the limitations of current blockchain voting solutions, such as implementation complexity, scalability issues, user adoption resistance, and cybersecurity threats and provide a more secure and user-friendly alternative. The system integrates blockchain technology with biometric verification to create an immutable, transparent, and secure voting process. The methodology involves designing a system architecture that includes a blockchain network, an NIN verification module, and a user interface (UI). Users register using their NIN, authenticate themselves, and cast their votes, which are then encrypted and recorded on the blockchain. The system's functionality was tested using tools like Ganache for local blockchain development, MetaMask for Ethereum wallet integration, and Solidity for writing smart contracts. Results from the implementation indicate significant improvements in security, transparency, and user accessibility compared to traditional voting systems. The user authentication test achieved a 100% valid login success rate and 0% invalid login attempts. Meanwhile, the voting test accuracy was 100%.
Economical design of WAMS through soft computing: co-optimal PMU placement and communication infrastructure Koodalsamy, Banumalar; Narayanasamy, Vanaja; Srinivasan, Muralidharan
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 14, No 3: November 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v14.i3.pp649-658

Abstract

Recently, utilities have developed and deployed wide area measurement systems (WAMS) to improve the electricity grid's ability to monitor, manage, and defend itself. In a typical WAMS setup, multiple measuring devices, communication systems, and energy management systems work together to gather, transmit, and then analyze data. Although there is substantial interdependence among these three capabilities, most research treats them independently. The work presented here minimizes the total cost of the communication infrastructure (CI) by taking into account the price of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and the placement of a phasor data concentrator (PDC) at the same time. The optimum CI and PDC placement has been built with Steiner tree optimization's help. There have also been practical operating scenarios of more realistic working conditions containing pre-installed PMU, pre-installed fiber optic and N-1 contingency. The optimization hurdle has been overcome by utilizing the binary firefly algorithm (BFFA), which has undergone testing on IEEE 14, 30, and 118 bus systems to demonstrate its effectiveness. A comparison has been offered, and it clearly demonstrates the proposed approach's superiority over previously published articles.
Design and optimization of bail-shaped microstrip patch antenna for mid-band 5G application using a lightGBM model Vijayakumari, G.; Annalakshmi, T.
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 14, No 3: November 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v14.i3.pp626-637

Abstract

This study suggests a bail-shaped microstrip patch antenna designed for 5G applications. This antenna model operates in the 3.45 GHz wireless communication frequency range, which is a component of the so-called C-band (3.3 to 4.2 GHz), which is widely utilized for mid-band 5G deployments across the globe. Antenna size optimization is achieved at 31×28 mm2. On the patch, a slot is added to enhance the return loss features. The light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model for prediction acts as an objective function of the considered piranha foraging optimization algorithm (PFOA) to adjust the antenna's slot dimension, which will be used to optimize the slot width. In order to get a superior return loss value of around -39.90<-10 dB, the optimization approach that is provided seeks to achieve the ideal slot length. The proposed device exhibits remarkable radiation efficiency by partially grounding, with a peak gain of around 2.535 dBi at 3.45 GHz. A novel hybrid approach combines the LightGBM prediction model with the PFOA to fine-tune slot dimensions, achieving a superior return loss of -39.90 dB. The exclusivity of this effort is the incorporation of machine learning algorithms to attain significantly improved parameters.
Chirp-pulsed eddy current testing for crack detection in low-carbon steel Le, Dang-Khanh; Phuong Hoang, Sy; Minh Le, Duc; Huy Pham, Phuong; Hieu Trieu, Trung; Le, Minhhuy
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 14, No 3: November 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v14.i3.pp676-686

Abstract

This paper introduces a signal processing feature for chirp-pulsed eddy current testing (C-PECT) to improve crack detection in low-carbon steel, a common material in maritime structures. While C-PECT is an established technique, inspecting ferromagnetic materials is challenging due to significant background noise from lift-off variations and material permeability. The novelty of this work lies in the proposal of a frequency-domain integration feature designed to suppress this noise. The method utilizes a chirp-pulse-excited probe with a Hall sensor to measure the magnetic field response. By integrating the signal's magnitude spectrum, the frequency feature effectively flattens the background and enhances the signal-to-noise ratio. Experimental validation on a low-carbon steel specimen with artificial cracks demonstrates the feature's superior performance in providing clear, high-contrast crack indications compared to a conventional time-domain analysis. The results indicate that this approach offers a simple, computationally efficient, and robust solution for the qualitative detection and localization of cracks, enhancing structural integrity assessments in noisy industrial environments.
Calibration and measurement of cotton moisture using real time system with statistical analysis Pundlikrao Jungare, Suyog; V. Joshi, Prasad; K. Sharma, M.
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 14, No 3: November 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v14.i3.pp687-695

Abstract

Accurate moisture measurement in cotton is essential for maintaining fibre quality, ensuring safe storage, and supporting efficient processing. Improper moisture levels can result in microbial growth, fibre degradation, or mechanical damage during ginning and spinning operations. This study presents the development of a real-time moisture measurement system for cotton used in the ginning industry. The system operates on the principle of electrical resistance change to detect varying moisture levels. Cotton samples were categorized into four types: wet, new, old, and dry. The system is designed for use on moving or in-process cotton. To evaluate system performance, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were employed for classification. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to calibrate the system against the standard oven-drying method (ASTM D2495-07). Further, artificial neural network (ANN) modelling was applied for moisture prediction. The system successfully discriminated between the cotton types, achieving over 85% explained variance in classification. ANN-based prediction aligned closely with the standard reference method. The developed system provides a low-cost, fast, and real-time solution for moisture measurement in cotton, with strong potential for industrial application.
FPGA implementation and bit error rate analysis of the forward error correction algorithms in voice signals Khatik, Ramjan; Shaikh, Afzal; Sawant, Shraddha; Patil, Pritika
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i1.pp86-96

Abstract

The idea of codes (VITERBI) is broadly utilized as a part of the wireless communication system as a result of their less complex nature in the decoding of transmitted message. This paper attempts to develop a performance analysis of the decoder by methods for bit error rate (BER) examination. The Galois field based decoder calculation is only utilized as a part of the communication systems. The decoder calculation-based Viterbi based decoder is carried out using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and MATLAB. This paper looks at the execution examination of both the calculations. The reconfigurable processor called Microblaze on the Spartan 3E FPGA is utilized for this purpose. MATLAB based code is used to see the BER analysis after the FPGA implementation output.
Multi-modal sensor integration in chicken-fish-vegetable greenhouse agriculture based on internet of things Risal, Muhammad; Wahyuningsih, Pujianti; Jura, Suwatri; Iskandar, Irmawaty; Jalil, Abdul
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i1.pp138-149

Abstract

Integrated chicken-fish-vegetable farming is a type of agriculture that combines the benefits of them within a single ecosystem. The objective of this study is to develop a control and monitoring system for integrated greenhouse-based chicken-fish-vegetable farming using the internet of things (IoT). The monitoring method employs the integration of multi-modal sensors in the greenhouse, consisting of a camera, water level, DHT11, pH, TDS, DS18B20, light dependent resistor (LDR), and infrared (IR) sensor. The camera functions as a visual monitoring tool for the farm, water level sensor detects hydroponic water levels, DHT11 measures air temperature and humidity, pH sensor measures water acidity, TDS sensor detects water nutrients, DS18B20 measures pond water temperature, LDR detects weather conditions, and IR sensor measures sunlight intensity. The processing units used to control the sensors and output devices are the ESP32 and Raspberry Pi. The system outputs include a relay for pump control, an LCD for text messages, and IoT information visualization using the Blynk platform. The results of this study demonstrate that the multi-modal sensor device can effectively monitor the conditions of integrated greenhouse-based chicken-fish-vegetable farming, achieving an accuracy of up to 96%, with an average data transmission time of 6 seconds through the Blynk IoT platform.
Design of a solar system with a PID controller based on the Tyrannosaurus optimization algorithm Rahimah, Kadhim Sabah; Abed, Issa Ahmed; Kadhim, Afrah Abood Abdul
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i1.pp170-182

Abstract

Although photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems are an efficient way to use solar energy, their conversion efficiency is very low. Keeping the DC output power from the panel consistent is the key challenge with solar PV systems. Radiation and temperature are two variables that can impact a panel's output power. This study proposes a unique hunting-based optimization technique called the Tyrannosaurus optimization algorithm (TROA). It is demonstrated that the TROA can be used to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for lithium-ion battery charging with solar panels. Tyrannosaurus Rex hunting techniques served as the model for this approach. MPPT is used to regulate the solar array's output in PV systems. A buck converter is used by the charge controller to convert DC to DC. To provide the most power, it is utilized to balance the impedance of batteries and solar panels. To maximize power transfer, the algorithm modifies the gating signal's duty cycle based on the voltage and current detected by the solar panel. Three well-known optimization methods are contrasted with TROA's performance: gorilla troops optimization (GTO) algorithm, perticle swarm optimization (PSO), and cultural algorithm (CA). In contrast to current approaches, the proposed approach has yielded superior results.
Energy-efficient multilevel inverter for electric vehicles using wireless sensor network monitoring Delcy, Nishalini; Josh, Francis Thomas; Suriyan, Kannadhasan
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i1.pp130-137

Abstract

This research presents a unique energy-efficient routing strategy aimed at optimizing energy consumption and prolonging network longevity using an innovative clustering probability. Cluster-based routing algorithms facilitate versatile configurations and extend the network's lifetime until the last node ceases operation. This study introduces an energy-efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), enhancing the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm. The objective of this algorithm is to reduce power consumption by the strategic selection of new cluster heads (CH) in each data transfer round and to prevent network conflicts. This objective is accomplished by employing an efficient function to identify the optimal CH nodes in each cycle, considering the current energy levels of the sensors. The suggested technique enhances the cluster formation process by utilizing the reduced distance to the base station. This study findings will enhance packet scheduling algorithms for data aggregation in WSNs to minimize the number of packets transmitted from sensors to CH. Simulation findings validate the system's efficacy in comparison to alternative compression techniques and non-compression scenarios utilized in LEACH and multi-hop LEACH.

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