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Padjadjaran Journal of International Law
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 25492152     EISSN : 25491296     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law (PJIL) is a peer-reviewed international law journal published by the Department International Law, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran. PJIL publishes its articles annually every January. The articles published by PJIL are scientific articles that explain a research result and analytical review in the field of international law.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 109 Documents
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THE UNITED STATES UNILATERAL WITHDRAWAL FROM THE RESTRICTIONS OF IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM IN JCPOA 2015 UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW Christopher Valerio Jovan
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 4, Number 2, June 2020
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v4i2.414

Abstract

Abstract In 2015, Iran with the P5 + 1 countries (China, France, Germany, Russia, Britain and the United States, as well as the European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) agreed on a JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) which deals with Iran's nuclear program. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 2015 (JCPOA) is a controversial agreement. First, the JCPOA's status in international law is debated and is not considered as an international treaty. In the midst of the uncertainty over the status of the JCPOA, on May 8 2018, the United States unilaterally declared that it was withdrawing from the JCPOA. Even though the JCPOA has been endorsed by UN Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015). Thus, other JCPOA participating countries view the withdrawal of the United States as an act that is against international law. This article aims to determine whether the JCPOA is an international treaty and whether the withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA is justified under international law. Keywords: JCPOA, UN Security Council Resolution, Withdrawal Abstrak Pada tahun 2015, Iran dengan negara-negara P5+1 (China, Prancis, Jerman, Rusia, Inggris dan Amerika Serikat, serta Perwakilan Tinggi Uni Eropa untuk Urusan Luar Negeri dan Kebijakan Keamanan) menyepakati JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) mengenai pembatasan program nuklir Iran. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 2015 (JCPOA) merupakan perjanjian yang mengundang kontroversi. Pertama, status JCPOA mendapat perdebatan karena dianggap bukan perjanjian internasional. Kemudian pada 8 Mei 2018, Amerika Serikat secara sepihak menyatakan menarik diri dari JCPOA. Padahal JCPOA telah dimasukkan ke dalam Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 2231 (2015). Sehingga peserta JCPOA lainnya menganggap tindakan Amerika Serikat sebagai perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan hukum internasional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah JCPOA merupakan suatu perjanjian internasional dan apakah penarikan diri Amerika Serikat dari JCPOA dapat dibenarkan berdasarkan hukum internasional. Kata kunci: JCPOA, Penarikan Diri, Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB
THE FAILURE OF UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: ITS CONTRIBUTION TO CALAMITY AND RUIN OF THE ROHINGYA CASE Renata Christha Auli
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 4, Number 2, June 2020
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v4i2.415

Abstract

Abstract The tensions between Muslim and Buddhist communities in Rakhine, Myanmar have escalated and became the international spotlight. Massacre in the Rohingya is a serious violation of human rights. In accordance with the functions of the United Nation, this international organization is expected to prevent and eliminate crimes against humanity that occur in the Rohingya. One of the main organs in charge of maintaining international peace and security is the UN Security Council. However, the fact that the United Nations failed to carry out its duties was because Russia has veto power and has blocked the statement which was expressed by UN Security council concerning this situation to punish Myanmar in resolving the Rohingya case, solely due to the political relationship between Russia and Myanmar. The failure of the United Nations is the world's debt to the Rohingya tribe, accordingly to redeem the debt it is needed reform of the UN Security Council. Keywords: Humanitarian Crimes, Rohingya, Security Council, United Nations, Veto Abstrak Perseteruan yang terjadi antara umat Muslim dan Buddha di Rakhine, Myanmar, kembali terjadi dan menjadi sorotan dunia internasional. Pembantaian di Rohingya merupakan pelanggaran berat terhadap hak asasi manusia. Perserikatan Bangsa- Bangsa (PBB) merupakan organisasi internasional yang diharapkan dapat mencegah dan menghapus kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan yang terjadi di Rohingya, sesuai dengan fungsi dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Salah satu organ utama yang bertugas untuk menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan internasional adalah Dewan Keamanan PBB. Namun fakta yang terjadi PBB gagal dalam menjalankan tugasnya karena Rusia terus melakukan veto terhadap Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB untuk menghukum Myanmar dalam penyelesaian kasus Rohingya, karena semata- mata hubungan politik antara Rusia dengan Myanmar. Kegagalan PBB merupakan utang dunia terhadap suku Rohingya, sehingga untuk dapat menebus utang tersebut diperlukan reformasi Dewan Keamanan PBB. Kata Kunci: Dewan Keamanan, Kejahatan Kemanusiaan, Perserikatan Bangsa- Bangsa, Rohingya, Veto
THE CONCEPT OF JURISDICTION IN THE AIR: TO WHAT EXTENT CAN IT BE UPHELD AGAINST UNRULY PASSENGERS IN INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT? Nova Maulani; Shannon Suryaatmadja
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 5, Number 1, Januari 2021
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v5i1.416

Abstract

ABSTRACT Jurisdiction is essential for statehood along with the right to prescribe and enforce laws. Unruly behaviour may threaten air transportation security and safety, including the passenger safety, disrupts other passengers and crew causing delays and diversions. But due to loopholes on the existing laws, and lack of choice of jurisdiction, such offenses often remain unpunished. This article aims to seek the best role that Indonesia should take to implement its jurisdiction on aircrafts in international flights and to protect its citizens in international flight. It provides an overview and analysis of existing international and Indonesian legal instruments in handling unruly passengers and to support extended jurisdiction choices so unruly passengers and other related criminal activities can be regulated and punished as necessary to ensure the safety and security, including the Chicago Convention 1944 and the Annex 17 on Security, The Tokyo Convention 1963 and the Montreal Protocol 2014. Keywords: Air Law, Aviation, Aviation Security, Jurisdiction, Unruly Passengers ABSTRAK Esensi dari yurisdiksi penting bagi negara dalam menjalankan dan menegakan hukum. Perilaku tidak tertib dapat mengancam keamanan dan keselamatan transportasi udara, dimana di dalamnya terdapat unsur keselamatan penumpang, gangguan terhadap awak dan penumpang lainnya, serta dapat mengakibatkan keterlambatan dan diversi. Namun demikian, dengan adanya celah dalam hukum dan peraturan, serta minimnya pilihan yurisdiksi, tindakan tersebut sering tidak dikenakan hukuman. Artikel ini bertujuan mencari peran terbaik yang harus diambil Indonesia, dalam mengimplementasi yurisdiksinya di pesawat dan melindungi warga negaranya dalam penerbangan internasional. Artikel ini memberikan tinjauan umum dan analisis instrumen hukum Internasional dan hukum Indonesia yang menangani penumpang yang sulit diatur, termasuk di dalamnya Konvensi Chicago 1944 dan Annex 17 tentang Keamanan,Konvensi Tokyo 1963 dan Protokol Montreal 2014 . Kata Kunci: Aviasi, Hukum Udara, Keamanan Penerbangan, Penumpang yang Sulit Diatur, Yurisdiksi
ENSURING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE JUNTA CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY VIOLATION IN MYANMAR: USAGE OF THE ROME STATUTE AND POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF THE UNSC VIA UNSCR REFERRAL Mohamad Dafiryan
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 6, Number 1, January 2022
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v6i1.740

Abstract

The objective of this journal article is to analyze as well as understand the scope of crimes that has been done by the recent Myanmar Juntas, specifically the crimes against humanity. It analyzes the determination of the crime based on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as well as the possible applicability's-applicability applicability’ towards the ICC. The article will analyze the Junta action of using the basis of unfair election to enact crimes against humanity and the mechanism to bring the Juntas towards the ICC, either by UNSC Referral or the ICC investigation. In addition, the writer has also used several basis as a way to deem the current Junta government as illegitimate as well as the need to enact the UNSC referral.
THE LEGALITY OF DENMARK’S ARTIFICIAL ISLAND (LYNETTEHOLM) IN INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA Benita Viola; Muhammad Shalahuddin Yusuf
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 5, Number 2, June 2021
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v5i2.766

Abstract

The Danish parliament approved the construction of an artificial island called Lynetteholm, which aims to house 35,000 residents and protect the Port of Copenhagen from rising sea levels. Construction of Lynetteholm will take approximately 50 years, and the island will be 2.6 km2 in size. Since the regulation regarding Artificial Island can only be found in the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) which is not complete regulatory support along with no other regulations that can provide specifications regarding the implementation rules for the construction of an artificial island, both provisions and prohibitions in the process of making Artificial Island. This long-term development could cause a damage towards the marine life and cause air pollution in the construction area due to heavy trucks, change in the ocean currents in the Danish and Swedish oceans due to the size of the island, and cause potential changes to the territorial sea boundaries of Denmark’s EEZ. As long as the legal regulations regarding Artificial Island have not been made specifically and in detail, large-scale and long-term construction of artificial islands that cause legal problems will continue to occur in the future. Therefore, the making of special rules regarding Artificial Island has become a real urgency at this time. Denmark has an obligation to conduct a re-assess regarding problems that may arise as well as those that are contrary to UNCLOS.
DEFINING EFFECTIVE CONTROL UNDER THE LAW OF OCCUPATION AFTER ISRAEL’S DISENGAGEMENT PLAN 2005 Evan Tobias
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 5, Number 2, June 2021
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v5i2.768

Abstract

During the conflict between Israel and Palestine, Israel had occupied Palestinian territory. In 2005, Israel issued the Disengagement Plan, which led Israel to declare that they no longer had any legal obligation to administer the Gaza area as an Occupying Power. In this regard, Israel’s declaration is based on the Plan which governed their withdrawal from Gaza, followed by the recognition of Palestine’s authorities. However, the situation regarding Israel's occupation status on the ground said otherwise. This paper will analyze whether the Disengagement Plan revokes the status of Israel as an Occupying Power and thus Israel has no longer obligations toward the Occupied Territory. By analyzing the constitutive elements of belligerent occupation and comparing them with the factual condition, this paper found that Israel should be regarded as an occupying power over the territory of Gaza. Moreover, even though Israel rejects its status as occupying power, Israel is still obligated to comply with the applicable law of armed conflict.
THE CASE OF MOHAMMED AISHA: THE EFFORTS IN PROTECTING SEAFARERS AGAINST ABANDONMENT Melania Fidela Ghaida; Tobias Binsar Ezra
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 5, Number 2, June 2021
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v5i2.770

Abstract

The abandonment case of Mohammed Aisha is a case that occurred in 2017, where the ship MV Aman was detained in the Egyptian port of Adabiya and caused a situation where Mohammed Aisha was trapped on the ship due to the failure of the shipowners. This then led to the case of the abandonment of seafarers. In this case, MLC 2006 is the instrument that covers regulation towards abandonment and seafarers' rights. This study was made to provide a broader and more detailed perspective related to cases of abandonment and MLC 2006. The goal of this research is to clarify matters that are unclear related to the regulation that is mentioned in MLC 2006, such as the vague regulation of who is in charge between flag states, port states, and nationals of seafarers in the case of the abandonment of seafarers in both theory and practice. Apart from clarifying the unclear matters of who is in charge of the three states mentioned previously, this research will elaborate even further regarding the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) role in advocating the repatriation of the abandoned seafarers. This research revealed that the 2006 MLC has not been very effective in protecting the rights of seafarers and that the obligation for repatriation lies within the flag state; however, in its practice, when a flag state fails to carry its obligation, then the port state and the origin country of the seafarers with the help from ITF shall take that roll.
WIRETAPPING ON SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS CABLE: QUESTIONING ITS LEGALITY AMIDST LONG STANDING PRACTICE Hafidz L. Botua; Chloryne Trie Isana Dewi; R. Achmad Gusman Catur Siswandi
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 6, Number 1, January 2022
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v6i1.772

Abstract

Up to 95% of the communication infrastructures are currently served by the submarine communications cable networks, which in their utilisation connect a wide variety of communications data. The increasingly advanced infrastructure is in fact unable to go hand in hand with legal transformation. At the present time, international law provides only partial protection in form of prevention against damage to the cable networks. Consequently, in the event that data transmissions across the cable networks are illegally exploited by foreign parties through "wiretapping" without inflicting any damage, as long as it is committed in the body of waters outside the state's sovereignty, the international law is unable to explicitly address this situation. The wiretapping has occurred in a couple of instances, however, the proper preventive measures are still in question. Fortunately, the most recent practice of international law in the field of human rights has provided some clarities through case law. Despite the fact that it has only been applied regionally, this endeavour is at the very least capable of supporting future proposed legal reforms. This article will further elaborate on the legality of wiretapping on submarine communications cable networks based on the relevant field of international law, which eventually revealed that such conduct is contrary to cyber law, international law of the sea and human rights law.
Assessing the Potential Effectiveness of the ASEAN-China Code of Conduct on the South China Sea in Constraining Chinese Aggressive Actions Trystanto Trystanto
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 6, Number 2, Juni 2022
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v6i2.778

Abstract

This article assesses the potential of the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea in constraining Chinese aggressive actions and maintaining the peaceful order of conduct of claimants and countries bordering the highly-disputed South China Sea. Given the recent Chinese aggressive military and pseudo-military moves in the South China Sea to enforce its arguable illegal nine-dash line claim in the South China Sea, there are hopes that the Code of Conduct agreement between China and ASEAN states will provide a legal protection and guideline in the dispute management in the South China Sea. In spite of this aspiration, a closer inspection of the Code of Conduct reveals that one should not have a high degree of confidence in the potential of the Code of Conduct in managing and regulating the conduct of parties in the South China Sea. Seen through the lens of realism, especially given the anarchic nature of the international arena and the unclear type of international law that the Code of Conduct will assume, this article argues that countries, Indonesia especially, should not have a high degree of expectation that the Code of Conduct will act as some sort of legal power that could restrain China from utilizing military and pseudo-military power in enforcing its claim in the South China Sea.
Re-interpreting the Environmentally Sound Management under Basel Convention Fajar Ajie Setiawan
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 6, Number 2, Juni 2022
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v6i2.786

Abstract

One of the fundamental principles of Basel Convention is the environmentally sound management (ESM), serving as a ‘meta-rule’, which establish the context within which bargaining under the Basel Convention takes place to develop more specific norms, such as rules regarding PIC, partnerships or management and technical guidelines of specific waste streams, regarding the management and transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. Yet, Basel Convention defines the crucial notion of ESM only in general terms, and has been subject to widely different interpretations and extensively criticized. Employing teleological approach which relies on the purpose of the Convention, this study argues that Basel Convention intended to establish a global convention with three principal aims: 1) minimization of hazardous wastes; 2) environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes; and 3) minimizing the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. The central element of these aims was to limit such movements, as opposed to current practices of establishing ESM as the “least standard” for which transboundary movement of hazardous wastes would be allowed. Reinterpretation of ESM is also needed in light of the recent entry into force of Ban Amendment, which introduced ‘high risk’ as an element of consideration when addressing transboundary movements from developed countries to developing countries, which entails the applicability of precautionary principle in ESM interpretation.

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