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International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
Published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
ISSN : 22528792     EISSN : 27222624     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) focuses on the applied works in the areas of power generation, transmission and distribution, sustainable energy, applications of power control in large power systems, etc. The main objective of IJAPE is to bring out the latest practices in research in the above mentioned areas for efficient and cost effective operations of power systems. The journal covers, but not limited to, the following scope: electric power generation, transmission and distribution, energy conversion, electrical machinery, sustainable energy, insulation, solar energy, high-power semiconductors, power quality, power economic, FACTS, renewable energy, electromagnetic compatibility, electrical engineering materials, high voltage insulation technologies, high voltage apparatuses, lightning, protection system, power system analysis, SCADA, and electrical measurements.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 530 Documents
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PD characteristics of polymer insulation for inverted-fed drives under sine and square waveforms Rao, S. Narasimha; Kasinathan, Elanseralathan; Sarathi, Ramanujam
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp893-902

Abstract

In recent years, adjustable speed drives power by power electronic converters have caused insulation failure in the electrical motors with stator windings. The repeating impulse voltages produced by IGBTs created insulation reliability problems in the stator winding. Overvoltage can cause partial discharge (PD), which can rapidly result in insulation system failure. To address this issue, IEC standards and technical specifications (TS) necessitate that a PD test on the motor insulation system is done at sinusoidal and square voltages. The PD characteristics obtained are used to evaluate insulation performance, enhancing insulation design. This work focuses on the PD characterization of twisted pair samples using high frequency sine and square waveforms at room temperature. The PD characteristics were investigated at 50 Hz, 1 kHz, 2.4 kHz, and 5 kHz. The result shows that there are fewer PD events with lower PD magnitudes and shorter delay times at higher frequencies. Further, at different temperatures of 30 °C, 60 °C, and 90 °C, the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of twisted pair insulation was investigated using high-frequency sine and square waveforms. The results show that the corona inception voltage (CIV) (kV) decreases as ambient temperature increases. Furthermore, the conditions for PD occurrence in the insulation system were analyzed at higher switching frequencies. The electric field distribution of twisted pairs with a 0 mm air gap was modeled from 50 Hz to 5 kHz switching frequency using COMSOL software.
Optimize the position of the distributed generator and capacitor bank in the distributed grid to minimize the generation cost Luu, Ngoc An; Phan, Dinh Chung
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp970-979

Abstract

In this paper, we focus on determining the optimal position and size of multi-distributed generators and capacitor banks to minimize the generation cost of a distributed grid. The optimal position and size of distributed generators and capacitor banks are determined using a hybrid of conventional loss sensitivity factor and an improved one. The proposed algorithm has two stages. For each distributed generator, we prioritize its position and size. After that, we find the optimal position and size of the capacitor banks corresponding to this distributed generator installation to minimize the power loss. After considering all distributed generators, the optimal number, position, and size of the distributed generators and capacitor banks are determined based on the minimum generation cost value. This idea is developed in MATLAB and verified via sample distributed grids, including the IEEE-69 bus and IEEE-85 bus. The verifying results are evaluated and analyzed. By comparing those results to those of other methods, the performance of the newly introduced method is proven.
Performance enhancement using sensor and sensorless control techniques for a modified bridgeless Ćuk converter-based BLDC motor in EV applications Amutha, W. Margaret; Premalatha, S.; Karthikeyan, M.
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp769-782

Abstract

This work proposes a solar photovoltaic (PV)-powered, modified bridgeless Ćuk converter tailored for electric vehicle applications. It overcomes limitations such as high ripple, reduced power density, significant switching losses, and complex circuit structures in traditional designs. The system integrates a boost converter with a bridgeless Ćuk topology to ensure a reliable and efficient direct current (DC) power output. Performance evaluation includes sensor-based and sensorless speed control techniques-pulse width modulation (PWM), proportional integral derivative (PID), back electromotive force (EMF), and spider controllers-under both no-load and full-load scenarios. Key parameters such as rise time, overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error are analyzed. MATLAB/Simulink simulations indicate that the spider controller delivers superior dynamic behavior and stability. A 48 W, 1500 rpm hardware prototype confirms the simulation outcomes, demonstrating the practical viability and effectiveness of the proposed converter.
A hybrid one step voltage-adjustable transformerless inverter for a one-phase grid incorporation of wind and solar power Ramesh, Bonigala; Thiruveedula, Madhubabu; Inumula, Rahul; Reddy, C. Poojitha; Khadar, Mohammad Abdul; Hareesh, K. Sri Sai
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp951-959

Abstract

This paper presents a hybrid one-step voltage-adjustable transformerless inverter designed to efficiently integrate both solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy sources into a single-phase grid. The primary objective is to enhance power conversion efficiency while minimizing system complexity and cost. The proposed architecture combines a buck-boost DC-DC converter with a full-bridge inverter in a compact and modular design, enabling voltage regulation across a wide input range typical of hybrid renewable systems. By grounding the PV negative terminal, the system effectively eliminates leakage currents and ensures compliance with IEEE harmonic standards. The inverter operates with reduced switching losses and supports multiple operational modes tailored for variable solar and wind conditions. Simulation of a 300 W prototype demonstrates reliable performance, achieving a total harmonic distortion (THD) below 1%, validating its compatibility with grid requirements. Key contributions include the development of a unified topology for hybrid energy sources, in-depth analysis of energy storage components, and implementation of efficient modulation strategies. This work addresses significant challenges in renewable energy integration and provides a scalable solution for next-generation grid-connected hybrid power systems.
Asymmetrical nine-level hybrid multilevel inverter design and analysis for electric vehicle applications Ratnaiah, Gerri; Ganesan, Ramya
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp1023-1034

Abstract

A novel type of single-phase hybrid multilevel inverter (HMLI) is proposed in this paper. A hybrid system is made up of a multilevel inverter coupled to an H-bridge unit and which can generate nine-level output. To synthesize an output voltage waveform with nine steps, this setup uses merely seven power switches, two diodes, and two DC supplies. A greater number of steps were achieved in output voltage through suggested circuit with a smaller number of components than other existing multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies. A finer output waveform that is closer to a sinusoidal shape is produced with less total harmonic distortion (THD) because of the greater number of steps in the output voltage. Furthermore, it prolongs the switches' lifetime and lowers the voltage stress across them, increasing reliability. In addition, the system produces fewer switches than necessary, resulting in lower power losses and increased efficiency. This guarantees the suggested system's small size and inexpensive cost. A comparison between the suggested topology and the most current MLI topologies has been conducted to highlight the key components of the proposed topology. The suggested topology has been controlled using three distinct controlling schemes are phase disposition-pulse width modulation (PD-PWM), phase opposition disposition-PWM (POD-PWM), and alternative phase opposition disposition-PWM (APOD-PWM).
Integration and optimization of grid through ANN-based solar MPPT and battery Sujran, Kolli; Sirisha, Ankala; Swapna, Ganapaneni; Kumar, Malligunta Kiran; Rao, Kambhampati Venkata Govardhan
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp988-998

Abstract

Integration of solar energy into the grid is the most important aspect for achieving sustainable energy systems. This paper presents an artificial neural network-based maximum power point tracking (ANN-MPPT) system with battery storage to enhance grid efficiency. The proposed ANN-MPPT is dynamically adapted to the varying irradiance and temperature, hence ensuring optimal power extraction from the photovoltaic system. Excess energy is stored in batteries during high solar radiation and discharged when solar generation is low or grid demand is high, maintaining a stable power supply. This system enhances the grid performance in terms of supporting real-time energy exchange, load balancing, and grid stability. Efficient management of the energy fluctuations ensures reliability even at times of grid failures. Further, integration of ANN-based MPPT with battery storage reduces dependence on non-renewable sources and harmonizes solar energy utilization. It can be achieved through enabling smarter energy management and thus contributing to the resilience and efficiency of a grid for better integration of renewable energies. The proposed system can tolerate fluctuating grid demands apart from supporting the features of smart grid, hence viable for increasing stability and sustainability in the grid.
Eco-friendly innovation: green energy empowered by IoT Amoli, Nikita; Singh, Jitendra; Mahala, Rahul; Singh, Rajesh; Gehlot, Anita; Gupta, Mahim Raj
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp903-911

Abstract

Energy demand is high globally, impacting daily life and promoting sustainable modernization. Goal 9 aims to build an elastic framework for economies, while Goal 15 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasizes the preservation of terrestrial environment, sustainable woodland management, and biodiversity conservation. The International Energy Agency predicts a significant increase in global renewable capacity, with solar PV being two-third of this growth. Green technology is crucial to combat global warming and Industry 4.0, a digital transformation that aims to create a strong framework for sustainable modernization. The growth of the smart grid is vital, involving energy sources, control techniques, computation, generation, transmission, distribution, and more. Supercapacitors store and deliver energy at high capacity, while green energy transforms fossil fuels into eco-friendly sources using natural resources like hydro, solar, wind, thermal, and biomass. This study explores the efficient use of microprocessors in solar and wind energy, as well as the application of actuators in the green energy sector. Green energy is a sustainable solution to increasing energy needs, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. IoT technologies, including sensors, actuators, microprocessors, and microcontrollers, are used in energy generation, transmission, distribution, and composition.
Effect on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on various vegetable oils on droplet combustion characteristic Perdana, Dony; Rohman, Muhamad Nur; Choifin, Mochamad
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp980-987

Abstract

Vegetable oils have composed of triglycerides, which one consist of 3 fatty acids combined with glycerol. Each saturated and unsaturated fatty acid has a different effect on burning characteristics. This study aimed to investigated effect of fatty acids at ceiba pentandra and jatropha oils on the flame behavior of the droplet combustion process. The combustion characteristic was observed by an ignited droplet at the junction using a thermocouple and a high-speed camera (120 fps). Results showed that a higher saturated fatty acid content resulted in long-life and steady flames. This is because more oleic and linoleic acid carbon atoms leave the droplet area and react with air. Jatropha oil produces a higher temperature of 780 °C than ceiba pentandra oil. Temperature of a vegetable oils flame is influenced by number of carbon chains, double bond, and heating value. Ceiba pentandra oil has a higher burning rate of 0.185 mm/s than jatropha oil at 0.155 mm/s. The chain content of polyunsaturated fatty acids has significant effect on rate of combustion, which is due to the weak van der Waals dispersion forces, such that heat absorption is more active and energetic. The highest flame height for ceiba pentandra oil is 55.03 mm compared to for jatropha oil it is 46.82 mm. Long-chain unsaturated double bonds and glycerol cause micro-explosions. This micro-explosion caused the shape of the flame to split and expand so that evaporation occurred faster, thus increasing the size of the flame.
Multi-objective energy management and environmental index optimization of a microgrid using swarm intelligence algorithm Bahri, Ahmed; Mezhoud, Nabil; Ayachi, Bilel; Boukhenoufa, Farouk; Bouras, Lakhdar
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp783-793

Abstract

Due to the need for better reliability, high energy quality, lower losses and cost, and clean environment, the application of renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy in recent years has become more widespread mainly. In this work, one of the most general of all swarm intelligence algorithms, called particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to solve the optimal energy management (OEM) and environmental index optimization (EIO) problems of micro-grid (MG) operating by renewable and sustainable generation systems (RSGS). The PSO approach was examined and tested on standard MG composed of different types of RSGS, such as wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic systems (PV), fuel cells (FC), micro turbine (MT), and diesel electric generator (DEG) with energy storage systems (ESS). The results are promising and show the effectiveness and robustness of proposed approach to solve the OEM and the EIO. The results obtained were compared with some well-known references. The results show that the optimization process reduced the energy generation costs from 257283 ($/h), 263929 ($/h), and 263526 ($/h), respectively. While the environmental index further improved to 0.1548 (ton/h).
Systematic literature review on cyber-attacks and cyber defense strategies in smart grids Naqqad, Anass; Boulal, Abdellah; Habachi, Rachid
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 14, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp1044-1057

Abstract

The smart grid is an advanced evolution of the traditional electrical power grid, developed to meet the increasing energy demands and requirements of the 21st century by incorporating digital technologies and data management systems to improve efficiency and reliability. Unlike conventional grids, the smart grid relies on a network of interconnected digital devices, sensors, and computerized controls that enable real-time monitoring and management of electricity distribution across vast geographic areas. However, the growing dependence on digital technologies also brings heightened cyber security concerns, since their integration can expose the grid to an increased risk of malicious intrusions. This systematic literature review investigates the nature and scope of cyber-attacks and cyber defense strategies in smart grids, which are critical to modern energy infrastructure. Following established research guidelines, this review rigorously examines existing studies by focusing on peer-reviewed articles and conference papers to understand the range of cyber security threats and defense mechanisms that smart grids face. The review uses a structured methodology to identify, evaluate, and synthesize key findings, revealing trends and gaps in current knowledge about smart grid security. The outcomes of this analysis offer valuable clarity on the specific weaknesses and operational challenges that affect smart grid infrastructures, contributing to the ongoing efforts to enhance cyber security measures and guide future research in this vital field.

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