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Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Published by Universitas Mahasaraswati
ISSN : 19799144     EISSN : 26855208     DOI : 10.46862
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Interdental Journal is a scientific published and supported by Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar and published Three Times a year. The submission process opens throughout the year. All submitted manuscript will be screened with double-blind peer review and editorial decision before the manuscript was accepted to be published. Interdental Journal present original research articles, review articles, and case report that sounding the innovation and recent development in dentistry including oral biology; dental material science and technology; oral and maxillofacial surgery; pedodontics; dental public health, epidemiology, preventive and community dentistry; conservative dentistry; periodontics; prosthodontics; orthodontics; oral medicine; dentomaxillofacial radiology; forensic dentistry as well as with their development through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. We accept publication in Indonesian or English.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran Gigi - Kedokteran Gigi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 401 Documents
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Increase in Interleukin-6 Levels in the Gingiva of Male Wistar Rats Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Sardi, Ni Wayan Arni; Yasa, Wayan Putu Sutirta; Linawati, Ni Made
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v21i3.12869

Abstract

Introduction: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in healthy gingiva contributes to regulating the immune response and tissue homeostasis. Exposure of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria (P. gingivalis) in periodontal tissues can influence the role of IL-6, shifting it from a tissue homeostatic agent to a pro-inflammatory cytokine. This study aimed to determine the levels of IL-6 in the gingiva of male Wistar rats induced by P. gingivalis bacteria. Material and Methods: This research uses a posttest-only control group design. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, each consisting of sixteen rats. The control group consisted of 16 male Wistar rats that were not induced with bacteria. The experimental group consisted of sixteen male Wistar rats with the induction of P. gingivalis bacteria. Results and Discussions: The results showed that the IL-6 levels in the healthy male Wistar rat group were lower than the IL-6 levels in the male Wistar rat group induced with P. gingivalis bacteria. More exposure to LPS due to the induction of P. gingivalis bacteria causes increased permeability of the gingival mucosal barrier, which can shift the tissue balance towards a pro-inflammatory state, resulting in increased production of IL-6. Conclusion: IL-6 levels increased in the gingiva of male Wistar rats induced with P. gingivalis bacteria.
Application Of Edible Coating Chitosan and Nanochitosan Shrimp Shells on Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin Based on Water Absorption Koesoemawati, Ria; Sapitri, Kadek Dwi Dessy; Wirayuni, Kadek Ayu
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v21i3.12910

Abstract

Introduction: The base material commonly used for removable dentures is heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Its weakness is water absorption, causing dimensional changes, discoloration, and effects on mechanical properties such as transverse strength, hardness, and biocompatibility. Shrimp shell chitosan, a natural biopolymer, can form a thin film coating and has the potential to be used as an edible coating. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of applying edible chitosan and nanochitosan coatings from shrimp shells to heat-cured acrylic resin in inhibiting water absorption. Materials and Methods: The research design was a true experimental laboratory with a posttest-only control group design. Thirty plates measuring 60X10X2.5 mm were divided into 5 groups, namely 1 control group without coating (distilled water) and 4 treatment groups with 2% chitosan, 3% chitosan, 2% nanochitosan, and 3% nanochitosan Aldrich® shrimp shells. The coating was applied by immersion for 5 minutes and dried for 1 hour for all treatment groups. Water absorption was tested by immersion in distilled water for 7 days at a temperature of 37±2 °C, calculated according to the formula in ISO 4049. Results and Discussion: One-way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences (p<0,001). The LSD post-hoc test showed that all treatment groups differed significantly from the control group (p=0.001). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences between the chitosan and nanochitosan treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the application of 2% and 3% edible chitosan and nanochitosan coatings from shrimp shells can inhibit water absorption in a heat-polymerized acrylic resin base.
The Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Particle Size on the Viability of NIH3T3 Fibroblast Cells Sidiqa, Atia Nurul; Nursaena, Maysa; Zakaria, Myrna Nurlatifah
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v21i3.12911

Abstract

Introduction: Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] is a widely used intracanal medicament due to its antimicrobial properties and its ability to stimulate hard tissue formation. Ca(OH)₂ plays a crucial role in endodontic therapy, primarily for its antimicrobial properties and its potential to facilitate reparative dentin formation. Its cytotoxic effects, particularly in relation to particle size, require in-depth investigation. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide with varying particle sizes on cultured fibroblast cells, thus providing insights into the implications of particle size on the biological responses elicited by calcium hydroxide. Material and Methods: This study was an in vitro experimental research aimed to evaluate the effect of Ca(OH)2 particle size on the viability of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Three forms of Ca(OH)2 were used: nanoparticles, microparticles, and commercial Ca(OH)2 as the positive control. Each sample was mixed with distilled water to form a paste and applied to cell cultures, while untreated cells served as the negative control. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay after 24 hours of exposure, and cell viability was calculated relative to the control. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results and Discussions: The nanoparticle Ca(OH)2 group showed the lowest cell viability (1.8%), which was significantly lower than that of the microparticle group (3.0%) and the commercial Ca(OH)2 group (5.0%) (p = 0.1). All Ca(OH)2 groups exhibited a high level of cytotoxicity, with cell viability below 20%, categorized as highly toxic. These results indicate that nanoparticle Ca(OH)2 may increase the risk of cellular toxicity. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of considering particle size in the use of Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medicament. Further biocompatibility evaluations are required to balance its antibacterial effectiveness with the safety of surrounding tissues.
In Vitro Evaluation of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica) Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus Causing Dental Abscess Astuti, Ni Putu Widani; Pratama, I Wayan Agus Wirya; Yudistian, Ilma
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v21i3.12996

Abstract

Introduction: Dental abscess is a common odontogenic infection characterized by pus accumulation due to an inflammatory response to microorganism invasion. Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen frequently found in periapical abscesses and endodontic infections. Increasing bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has become a global health concern. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) possesses antibacterial activity attributed to curcumin and phenolic compounds. Materials and Methods: This experimental laboratory study with a post-test only control group design was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University in October 2023. Turmeric extract at 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations was tested against Staphylococcus aureus isolates using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Results and Discussion: Phytochemical screening detected six active compounds: saponins, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Turmeric extract at 100% produced the highest inhibition zone of 16.38 mm, compared to 23.20 mm for the positive control (0.2% chlorhexidine). ANOVA analysis showed significant differences among groups (F = 277.78; p < 0.05), with a positive correlation between increasing extract concentration and antibacterial effectiveness. Conclusion: Turmeric rhizome extract at 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with effectiveness increasing proportionally to concentration, showing potential as a natural antibacterial alternative therapy in dentistry, especially in instances of dental abscesses.
Content of Volume 21 Issue 3 December 2025
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 21 No. 3 (2025): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Integration of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Orthodontics: Legal and Ethical Aspects Fauziah, Yessy Andriani; Narmada, Ida Bagus; Siswantoro, Edwin R; Raditya, Ryan
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i1.9550

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence integration in orthodontics enhances diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and clinical efficiency. However, it presents legal and ethical challenges, such as liability, data privacy, and equitable access, necessitating the responsible adoption of AI in clinical practice. This literature review aims to explore the integration of AI technology in orthodontics, with a specific focus on the associated legal and ethical aspects. Review: The review aims to identify the benefits of AI in enhancing orthodontic care, examine the potential legal liabilities and regulatory considerations related to its use, and analyse the ethical implications of AI in patient data management and treatment decision-making. By providing a comprehensive overview, this study intends to highlight the importance of establishing clear guidelines and standards to ensure the safe and ethical use of AI in orthodontics. This literature review synthesizes recent research on the implementation of AI technologies in orthodontics. Studies have demonstrated that AI can process vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, thereby improving diagnostic precision and optimising treatment plans. Nonetheless, the rapid adoption of AI raises concerns about data privacy, legal liability, and equitable access to technology, which are crucial to address for the ethical integration of AI in healthcare. Conclusion: AI integration in orthodontics offers benefits like improved diagnostics and personalized treatment plans, but requires careful legal and ethical considerations.
Potential of Uncaria Gambir Extract Against Glucosyltransferase Enzyme: A Narrative Review Dewi, Siti Rusdiana Puspa; Nabiilah, Zata Yumni
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i1.10706

Abstract

Introduction: Glucosyltransferase (Gtf) enzyme is an enzyme produced by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacteria that plays an important role in the process of attachment and virulence of bacterial colonies on the tooth surface. Gambier plants (Uncaria gambir (Roxb.)) have the main content of catechins and tannins that can prevent the formation of extracellular glucans that bind S. mutans bacteria on the tooth surface. The purpose of this narrative review is to determine the potential of gambir extract on Gtf enzymes produced by S. mutans. This article is a narrative review, with databases sourced from PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane, and Science Direct. Review: A total of 251 articles were identified, and 6 journals were filtered that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for analysis. Catechins and tannins contained in gambir have inhibitory action against Gtfs, so that the activity of EPS synthesis by S. mutans is blocked. Inhibition of Gtf by catechins does not interfere with the existence of microbes in the oral environment. Therefore, the ability of catechins extracted from gambir plants is able to inhibit the Gtf enzyme selectively, and is developed as a material that can prevent the formation of dental caries. Conclusion: Gambier extract has the potential to inhibit the formation of Gtf enzymes.
The Effect of Immersion Time on the Amount of Fluoride Release in Fluoridated Composite Resin Materials Faizah, Ariyani; Salsabila, Nurul; Suparno, Nilasary Rochmanita
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i1.10929

Abstract

Introduction: Introduction: The fluoride content in composite resin restorations can help strengthen tooth structure affected by caries. It can also prevent secondary caries through the natural remineralization process. The mechanism of fluoride release occurs when the oral cavity is in an acidic state. It produces hydroxyl ions, which play an important role in stimulating fluoride release. The release of fluoride in composite resins runs constantly over time. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of immersion time on the amount of fluoride released by fluoride composite resin materials. Materials and Methods: This laboratory experimental study used 25 disc-shaped specimens of fluoride-containing composite resin Tetric N-Ceram Packable (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (2 mm thickness × 5 mm diameter). The samples were divided into five groups based on immersion time: 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Each sample was immersed in artificial saliva at pH 5.5 to simulate acidic oral conditions. The amount of fluoride released was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 570 nm. Results and Discussion: Post Hoc LSD analysis showed that the 1-day immersion group differed significantly from all other groups. Significant differences were also found between the 7-day group and the 21-day and 28-day groups, as well as between the 14-day and 21-day groups compared to the 28-day group. However, no significant differences were observed between the 7-day and 14-day groups or between the 14-day and 21-day groups. Fluoride release tended to decrease as immersion time increased. Conclusion: Immersion time significantly affects the amount of fluoride released from fluoride-containing composite resin materials.
The Relationship between Parental Behavior and Premature Loss of Primary Teeth at SD No. 3 Benoa Kirana, Gusti Ayu Dinda Arya; Prasetya, Mia Ayustina; Hutomo, Louise Cinthia; Rahaswanti, Luh Wayan Ayu
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i1.11505

Abstract

Introduction: Untreated caries are the main cause of premature loss of primary teeth. Children generally prefer cariogenic foods, but this is not balanced by oral health maintenance behavior. This is because children do not understand the importance of maintaining their oral health. This is where parental behavior is needed to provide guidance and supervision to children in maintaining the health of their oral cavity. Based on this, the author is interested in examining the relationship between parental behavior and premature loss of primary teeth in students aged 6-8 years at SD No. 3 Benoa. Material and Methods: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was a dyad (parents and students) totaling 103 respondents. Result and Discussions: The study show that parental behavior is in the "sufficient" category, and there are quite many children experiencing premature loss of deciduous teeth. in children at SD No. 3 Benoa. There was a significant relationship between parental behavior regarding children's dental health and the incidence of premature loss of primary teeth in children, with a p-value of 0,000 (p-value < 0,05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between parental behavior regarding children's dental health and premature loss of primary teeth among 6-8-year-old students at SD No. 3 Benoa.
Effectiveness of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Decoction Against Streptococcus mutans on Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin Hertiana, Elin; Saputra, Defta; Nuning, Fransiska; Puspitadewi, Susi R.
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v22i1.12142

Abstract

Introduction: Heat-polymerized acrylic resin is the most widely utilized material for removable denture bases. However, its inherent porosity and surface roughness facilitate the accumulation of plaque and bacteria, notably Streptococcus mutans. Poor denture hygiene can lead to mucosal inflammation known as denture stomatitis. Clove plants contain bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and essential oils, which possess established antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of clove flower and leaf decoctions against Streptococcus mutans on heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: This laboratory experimental study employed a post-test only control group design. Twenty-seven heat-polymerized acrylic resin plates (10 x 10 x 2 mm) were divided into three groups. Group 1 was immersed in 20% clove flower decoction, Group 2 in 20% clove leaf decoction, and Group 3 in distilled water (control), each for 15 minutes. Results and Discussion: Significant differences in Streptococcus mutans counts were observed between the clove flower decoction group compared to the clove leaf decoction group (p = 0.025) and the distilled water group (p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between the clove leaf decoction and distilled water groups (p = 0.415). Conclusion: Clove flower decoction is significantly more effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans compared to clove leaf decoction.

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