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Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26568632     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering
The Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics (JEEEMI) is a peer-reviewed open-access journal. The journal invites scientists and engineers throughout the world to exchange and disseminate theoretical and practice-oriented topics which covers three (3) majors areas of research that includes 1) Electronics, 2) Biomedical Engineering, and 3)Medical Informatics (emphasize on hardware and software design). Submitted papers must be written in English for an initial review stage by editors and further review process by a minimum of two reviewers.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Biomedis
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July" : 25 Documents clear
Grad-CAM based Visualization for Interpretable Lung Cancer Categorization using Deep CNN Models Mothkur, Rashmi; Soubhagyalakshmi, Pullagura; C. B., Swetha
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.690

Abstract

The Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) technique has loomed as a crucial tool for elucidating deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), by visually accentuating the regions of input images that accord most to a model's predictions. In the context of lung cancer histopathological image classification, this approach provides discernment into the decision-making process of models like InceptionV3, XceptionNet, and VGG19. These CNN architectures, renowned for their high performance in image categorization tasks, can be leveraged for automated diagnosis of lung cancer from histopathological images. By applying Grad-CAM to these models, heatmaps can be generated that divulge the areas of the tissue samples most influential in categorizing the images as lung adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinoma, and benign patches. This technique allows for the visualization of the network's focus on specific regions, such as cancerous cells or abnormal tissue structures, which may otherwise be difficult to explicate. Using pre-trained models fine-tuned for the task, the Grad-CAM method assesses the gradients of the target class concerning the final convolutional layer, generating a heatmap that can be overlaid on the input image. The results of Grad-CAM for InceptionV3, XceptionNet, and VGG19 offer distinct insights, as each model has unique characteristics. InceptionV3 pivots on multi-scale features, XceptionNet apprehend deeper patterns with separable convolutions, and VGG19 emphasizes simpler, more global attributes. By justaposing the heatmaps generated by each architecture, one can assess the model’s focus areas, facilitating better comprehension and certainty in the model's prophecy, crucial for clinical applications. Ultimately, the Grad-CAM approach not only intensify model transparency but also aids in ameliorating the interpretability of lung cancer diagnosis in histopathological image categorization.
Advancement of Lung Cancer Diagnosis with Transfer Learning: Insights from VGG16 Implementation Lakide, Vedavrath; Ganesan, V.
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.704

Abstract

Lung cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally, largely due to the challenges associated with its early and accurate detection. Timely diagnosis is critical for improving survival rates, and advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, are proving to be valuable tools in this area. This study introduces an enhanced deep learning-based approach for lung cancer classification using the VGG16 neural network architecture. While previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of ResNet-50 in this domain, the proposed method leverages the strengths of VGG16 particularly its deep architecture and robust feature extraction capabilities to improve diagnostic performance. To address the limitations posed by scarce labelled medical imaging data, the model incorporates transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques. It was trained and validated on a well-curated dataset of lung CT images. The VGG16 model achieved a high training accuracy of 99.09% and a strong validation accuracy of 95.41%, indicating its ability to generalize well across diverse image samples. These results reflect the model’s capacity to capture intricate patterns and subtle features within medical imagery, which are often critical for accurate disease classification. A comparative evaluation between VGG16 and ResNet-50 reveals that VGG16 outperforms its predecessor in terms of both accuracy and reliability. The improved performance underscores the potential of the proposed approach as a reliable and scalable AI-driven diagnostic solution. Overall, this research highlights the growing role of deep learning in enhancing clinical decision-making, offering a promising path toward earlier detection of lung cancer and ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes.
Performance Evaluation of Classification Algorithms for Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis: A Comparative Study Baruah, Dhiraj; Rehman, Rizwan; Bora, Pranjal Kumar; Mahanta, Priyakshi; Dutta, Kankana; Konwar, Pinakshi
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.713

Abstract

Selection and implementation of classification algorithms along with proper preprocessing methods are important for the accuracy of predictive models. This paper compares some well-known and frequently used algorithms for classification tasks and performs in depth analysis. In this study we analyzed four most frequently used algorithm viz random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM). To conduct the study on the well-known Oxford Parkinson’s disease Detection dataset obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. We evaluated the algorithms' performance using six distinct approaches. Firstly, we used the classifiers where we didn’t used any method to enhance the performance of the classifier. Secondly, we applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to minimize the dimensionality of the dataset. Thirdly, we used collinearity-based feature elimination (CFE) method where we applied correlation among the features and if the correlation between a pair of features exceeds the threshold of 0.9, we eliminated one from the pair. Fourthly, we adopt synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) to synthetically increase the instances of the minority class. Fifth, we combined PCA+SMOTE and on sixth method, we combined CFE + SMOTE. The study demonstrates that SVM is highly effective for Parkinson’s disease classification. SVM maintained high accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score across various preprocessing techniques including PCA, CFE and SMOTE, making it robust and reliable for clinical applications. RF showed improved results with SMOTE. However, it experienced reduced performance with PCA and CFE, indicating its dependence on original feature interactions. DT benefited from PCA, while LR showed limited improvements and sensitivity to oversampling. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate preprocessing techniques to enhance model performance.
Applied Machine Learning in EEG data Classification to Classify Major Depressive Disorder by Critical Channels Dhekane, Sudhir; Khandare, Anand
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.719

Abstract

The electroencephalogram (EEG) stands out as a promising non-invasive tool for assessing depression. However, the efficient selection of channels is crucial for pinpointing key channels that can differentiate between different stages of depression within the vast dataset. This study outcome a comprehensive strategy for optimizing EEG channels to classify Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches, and monitor effect of central lobe channels. A thorough review underscores the vital significance of EEG channel selection in the analysis of mental disorders. Neglecting this optimization step could result in heightened computational expenses, squandered resources, and potentially inaccurate classification results. Our assessment encompassed a range of techniques, such as Asymmetric Variance Ratio (AVR), Amplitude Asymmetry Ratio (AAR), Entropy-based selection employing Probability Mass Function (PMF), and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) where, RFE exhibited superior performance, particularly in pinpointing the most pertinent EEG channels while including central lobe channels like Fz, Cz, and Pz. With this accuracy between 97 to 99% is recorded by Electroencephalography Neural Network (EEGNet). Our experimental findings indicate that, models using RFE achieved enhancement in accuracy to classifying depressive disorders across diverse classifiers: EEGNet (96%), Random Forest (95%), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM: 97.4%), 1D-CNN with 95%, and Multi-Layer Perceptron (98%) irrespective of central lobe incorporation. A pivotal contribution of this research is the development of a robust Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model trained on EEG data from 382 participants, achieved accuracy of 98.7%, with a perfect precision score of 1.00, F1-Score of 0.983, and a Recall-Score of 0.966, to make it an enhanced technique for depression classification. Significant channels identified include Fp1, Fp2, F7, F4, F8, T3, C3, Cz, T4, T5, and P3, offering critical insights about depression. Our findings shows that, optimized EEG channel selection via RFE enhances depression classification accuracy in the field of brain-computer interface.
Automated ICD Medical Code Generation for Radiology Reports using BioClinicalBERT with Multi-Head Attention Network D., Sasikala; N., Sarrvesh; J., Sabarinath; S., Theetchenya; S., Kalavathi
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.775

Abstract

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding plays a pivotal role in healthcare systems with its provision of a standard method for classifying medical diagnoses, treatments, and procedures. However, the process of manually applying ICD codes to clinical records is both time-consuming and error-prone, particularly considering the large magnitude of medical terminologies and the periodic changes to the coding system. This work introduces a Hierarchical Multi-Head Attention Network (HMHAN) that aims to automate ICD coding using domain-related embeddings with an attention mechanism. The proposed method uses BioClinicalBERT for feature extraction from clinical text and then a two-level attention mechanism to learn hierarchical dependencies between labels. BioClinicalBERT is pre-trained on large biomedical and clinical corpora that enable it to capture complex contextual relationships specific to medical language more effectively. The multi-head attention mechanism enables the model to focus on different parts of the input text simultaneously, learning intricate associations between medical terms and corresponding ICD codes at various levels. This method uses SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) based multi-label resampling to solve class imbalance. SMOTE generates synthetic examples for underrepresented classes, allowing the model to learn better from imbalanced data without overfitting. For this work, MIMIC-IV dataset of de-identified radiology reports and corresponding ICD codes are used. The performance of the model is assessed with F1 score, Hamming loss, and ROC-AUC metrics. Results obtained from the model with an F1 score of 0.91, Hamming loss of 0.07, and ROC-AUC of 0.92 show promising research directions to automate the ICD coding process. This system will improve the effectiveness of healthcare workflows by automating ICD code generation for advanced clinical care.
Breast Cancer Classification on Ultrasound Images Using DenseNet Framework with Attention Mechanism Azka, Hanina Nafisa; Wiharto, Wiharto; Suryani, Esti
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.779

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases among women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer being critical for increasing survival rates. Ultrasound image is commonly used for breast cancer screening due to its non-invasive, safe, and cost-effective. However, ultrasound images are often of low quality and have significant noise, which can hinder the effectiveness of classification models. This study proposes an enhanced breast cancer classification model that leverages transfer learning in combination with attention mechanisms to improve diagnostic performance. The main contribution of this research is the introduction of Dense-SASE, a novel architecture that combines DenseNet-121 with two powerful attention modules: Scaled-Dot Product Attention and Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) Block. These mechanisms are integrated to improve feature representation and allow the model to focus on the most relevant regions of the ultrasound images. The proposed method was evaluated on a publicly available breast ultrasound image dataset, with classification performed across three categories: normal, benign, and malignant. Experimental results demonstrate that the Dense-SASE model achieves an accuracy of 98.29%, a precision of 97.97%, a recall of 98.98%, and an F1-score of 98.44%. Additionally, Grad-CAM visualizations demonstrated the model's capability to localize lesion areas effectively, avoiding non-informative regions, and confirming the model's interpretability. In conclusion, the Dense-SASE model significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of breast cancer classification in ultrasound images. By effectively learning and focusing on clinically relevant features, this approach offers a promising solution for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and has the potential to assist radiologists in early and accurate breast cancer detection.
Computational Analysis of Medical Image Generation Using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) Shrina Patel; Makwana, Ashwin
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.784

Abstract

The limited availability of diverse, high-quality medical images constitutes a significant obstacle to training reliable deep-learning models that can be used in clinical settings. The traditional methods used for data augmentation generate inadequate medical photos that result in poor model performance and a low rate of successful generalization. This research studies the effectiveness of DCGAN cGAN CycleGAN and SRGAN GAN architectures through performance testing in five essential medical imaging datasets, including Diabetic Retinopathy, Pneumonia and Brain Tumor and Skin Cancer and Leukemia. The main achievement of this research was to perform an extensive evaluation of these GAN models through three key metrics: generation results, training loss metrics, and computational resource utilization. DCGAN generated stable high-quality synthetic images, whereas its generator produced losses from 0.59 (Pneumonia) to 6.24 (Skin Cancer), and its discriminator output losses between 0.29 and 6.25. CycleGAN showed the best convergence potential for Diabetic Retinopathy with generator and discriminator losses of 2.403 and 2.02 and Leukemia with losses at 3.325 and 3.129. The SRGAN network produced high-definition images at a generator loss of 6.253 and discriminator loss of 6.119 for the Skin Cancer dataset. Still, it failed to maintain crucial medical characteristics in grayscale images. GCN exhibited stable performance across all loss metrics and datasets. The DCGAN model required the lowest computing resources for 4 to 7 hours, using 0.9M and 1.4M parameters. The framework of SRGAN consumed between 7 and 10 hours and needed 1.7M to 2.3M parameters for its operation, and CycleGAN required identical computational resources. DCGAN was determined as the ideal model for synthetic medical image generation since it presented an optimal combination of quality output and resource efficiency. The research indicates that using DCGAN-generated images to increase medical datasets serves as a solution for boosting AI-based diagnostic system capabilities within healthcare.
Predicting Construction Costs with Machine Learning: A Comparative Study on Ensemble and Linear Models Chen, Lifei; Tiang, Sew Sun; Chong, Kim Soon; Sharma, Abhishek; Berghout, Tarek; Lim, Wei Hong
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.799

Abstract

Accurate prediction of construction costs plays a pivotal role in ensuring successful project delivery, influencing budget formulation, resource allocation, and financial risk management. However, traditional estimation methods often struggle to handle complex, nonlinear relationships inherent in construction datasets. This study proposes a process innovation by systematically evaluating six machine learning (ML) models, i.e., Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Elastic Net, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), XGBoost, and CatBoost, on a standardized RSMeans dataset comprising 4,477 real-world construction data points. The primary aim is to benchmark the predictive performance, generalizability, and stability of both linear and ensemble models in construction cost forecasting. Each model is subjected to rigorous hyperparameter tuning using grid search with 5-fold cross-validation. Performance is assessed using R² (coefficient of determination), RMSE (root mean squared error), and MBE (mean bias error), while confidence intervals are computed to quantify predictive uncertainty. Results indicate that linear models achieve modest accuracy (R² ≈ 0.83), but struggle to model nonlinear interactions. In contrast, ensemble-based models significantly outperform , i.e., XGBoost and CatBoost achieve R² values of 0.988 and 0.987, respectively, RMSE values below 0.5, and near-zero MBE. Moreover, confidence interval visualization and feature importance analysis provide transparency and interpretability, enhancing the models practical applicability. Unlike prior studies that compare models in isolation, this work introduces a unified, interpretable framework and highlights the trade-offs between accuracy, overfitting, and deployment readiness. The findings have real-world implications for contractors, project managers, and cost engineers seeking reliable, data-driven decision support systems. In summary, this study present a scalable and robust ML-based framework that facilitate process innovation in construction cost estimation, paving the way for more intelligent, efficient, and risk-aware construction project management.
Power-Efficient 8-Bit ALU Design Using Squirrel Search and Swarm Intelligence Algorithms Pasaya, Ashish; Hadia, Sarman; Bhatt, Kiritkumar
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.822

Abstract

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) serves as a core digital computing element which performs arithmetic functions along with logic operations. The normal operation of ALU designs leads to increased power consumption because of signal redundancy and continuous operation when new data inputs are unavailable. The research implements the Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA) combined with Swarm Intelligence Algorithm (SIA) for 8-bit ALU optimization to achieve maximum resource efficiency alongside computational accuracy. The optimization properties of SSA and SIA make them ideal choices for digital circuit design applications because they yielded successful results in power-aware systems. The proposed method utilizes SSA-based conditional execution paired with SIA-based transition minimization to direct operations to execute only during fluctuating input data conditions thus eliminating undesired calculations. Studies confirm SSA and SIA function more effectively than distributed clock gating for power saving because they enable runtime-dependent optimization without creating significant computational overhead. The experimental Xilinx Vivado tests executed on an AMD Spartan-7 FPGA (XC7S50FGGA484) running at 100 MHz frequency established that SSA eliminates power consumption from 6 mW to 2 mW, and SIA achieves a power level of 4 mW. The SSA algorithm generates worst negative slack (WNS) values of 8.740 ns which SIA produces as 6.531 ns improving system timing performance. SSA-optimized ALU requires the same number of LUTs as the unoptimized design at 42 LUTs yet SIA uses 50 LUTs because of added logical elements. We observe no changes in flip-flop use during SSA where nine FFs remain yet SIA shows an increase in its usage up to 29 FFs due to input tracking. The study proves that bio-inspired methods create energy-efficient platforms which make them ideal for implementing ALU designs with FPGAs. Research studies demonstrate that hybrid swarm intelligence techniques represent an unexplored potential to optimize power-efficient architectures thus reinforcing their significance for future high-performance energy-efficient digital systems.
Classification of Cervical Cell Types Based on Machine Learning Approach: A Comparative Study Wan Mustafa, Wan Azani; Khiruddin, Khalis; Jamaludin, Khairur Rijal; Khusairi, Firdaus Yuslan; Ismail, Shahrina
Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Department of Electromedical Engineering, POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/jeeemi.v7i3.829

Abstract

Cervical cancer remains a major global health issue and is the second most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, but remains challenging due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease and the visual complexity of cervical cell structures, which are often affected by inconsistent staining, poor contrast, and overlapping cells. This study aims to classify cervical cell images using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques by comparing the performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Support Vector Machine (SVMs), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNNs). The Herlev Pap smear image dataset was used for experimentation. In the preprocessing phase, images were resized to 100 × 100 pixels and enhanced through grayscale conversion, Gaussian smoothing for noise reduction, contrast stretching, and intensity normalization. Segmentation was performed using region-growing and active contour methods to isolate cell nuclei accurately. All classifiers were implemented using MATLAB. Experimental results show that CNN achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 85%, a precision of 86.7%, and a sensitivity of 83%, outperforming both SVM and KNN. These findings indicate that CNN is the most effective approach for cervical cell classification in this study. However, limitations such as class imbalance and occasional segmentation inconsistencies impacted overall performance, particularly in detecting abnormal cells. Future work will focus on improving classification accuracy, especially for abnormal samples , by exploring data augmentation techniques such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and implementing ensemble learning strategies. Additionally, integrating the proposed system into a real-time diagnostic platform using a graphical user interface (GUI) could support clinical decision-making and enhance cervical cancer screening programs.

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