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ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 26555409     EISSN : 26555409     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.52004
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
The ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering publishes papers on Chemical Engineering, specifically but not limited to the areas of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, process control, environment, energy, biotechnology, corrosion, separation science, powder technology, materials science, and chemical engineering education
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 372 Documents
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Spent Coffee Grounds Biochar Composite Phase Change Material Design Challenges in a Lab-Scale Solar Water Heater System for Thermal Energy Storage Raphael Angelo Mondragon; Sasipa Boonyubol; Shuo Cheng; Jeffrey Scott Cross
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.80081

Abstract

Thermal energy storage systems that use composite phase change materials (CPCM), such as paraffin wax and nonbiodegradable high-density polyethylene, are gaining attention in recent years due to the effort to resolve energy issues. There is a need to undertake research and development on how to prepare durable CPCMs from thermo-chemically treated biowastes, a renewable resource. Raw spent coffee grounds (SCG) have been experimented on previously, but more research needs to be conducted on CPCMs prepared from pyrolyzed SCG-biochar (SCGB) for use in a water tank. This research investigated a biodegradable CPCM made from SCGB and carnauba wax in a lab-scale solar water heater system. The carnauba wax loading of 60% was chosen due to the minimized thermal wax leakage from the PCM. Thermal characterization results revealed that the latent heat of SCGB CPCM is 88.47 J/g which was found to be competitive compared to other biodegradable CPCMs reported earlier. The results also show further potential for using SCGB and carnauba wax as a CPCM in a thermal energy storage system.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Hybrid Composites Made from Used PET Bottles and Date Palm Fibers Filled with Unsaturated Polyester Tahir Habila; Yazid Meftah; Samira Maou
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.82419

Abstract

Recycling polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) bottles is a sustainable solution for reducing the accumulation of r-PET in landfills. The primary goal of this study is to determine the viability of combining fibers derived from waste r-PET bottles (r-PET) and date palm fibers (DPF) to produce hybrid unsaturated polyester (UP)-based composites. Hand lay-up was used to make the UP/r-PET/DPF composites, which had 10%, 20%, and 30% r-PET and date palm fibers by weight, with equal weights of the two. Recycled r-PET bottles and date palm leaflets were cut into 5–10 mm lengths and incorporated into the UP matrix. The composites were characterized by their flexural, morphological, thermal, dynamical mechanical, and water absorption characteristics. The thermal behavior of the composites improved when r-PET and DPF were added at high temperatures. However, the composites' flexural strength and storage modulus decreased due to their non-uniform distribution, which made it hard for the fillers to adhere to the UP matrix. SEM micrographs of the composite's fracture surfaces showed that the amount of agglomeration eventually increased as the filler loading increased. Lastly, the composites showed significant resistance to water absorption with lower proportions of DPF and r-PET fibers.
Catalytic Decarboxylation of Palm Oil to Green Diesel over Pellets of Ni-CaO/Activated Carbon (AC) Catalyst Under Subcritical Water Desy Septriana; Muhammad Mufti Azis; Joko Wintoko
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.70878

Abstract

There has been a considerable in converting palm oil to green diesel. Green diesel is a hydrocarbon compound similar to conventional diesel fuel's components. It is expected to substitute conventional diesel fuel in diesel vehicle engines. The process of producing diesel is also called the deoxygenation process. One of the deoxygenation processes is decarboxylation. The current study evaluates the performance of Ni-CaO/AC catalyst in the form of pellets by mixing a powder Ni-CaO/AC catalyst and phenolic resin. The aim of this study namely to evaluate the performance pellets of Ni-CaO/AC catalyst in the decarboxylation of palm oil under sub-critical water. This research includes catalyst activity carried out by decarboxylation in subcritical water with temperature variations: 300, 310, 320, and 330 °C using pellets of Ni-CaO/AC catalyst. The decarboxylation products obtained were analyzed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results obtained in this study showed that the highest percentage composition and selectivity of green diesel were obtained at a temperature of 330 °C, with values of 18.08 and 22.07, respectively. These results suggest that higher temperature promotes the hydrogenation-decarboxylation reaction of palm oil. Pellets of Ni-CaO/AC catalyst can increase the selectivity of green diesel if the phenolic resin is replaced with a binder that can provide physical strength to the catalyst but does not damage the function and cover much of the active surface area of the catalyst. We can conclude that pellets of Ni-CaO/AC catalysts have the potential to do hydrothermal decarboxylation if the increased operating condition.
Optimization of Defective Coffee Beans Decaffeination Using Palm Oil Dian Shofinita; Dianika Lestari; Sekar Ayu Ambarwati; Karen Christine Gunawan; Amarthya Benigna Achmadi
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.73387

Abstract

Defective coffee beans amount to 15-20% of the total produced coffee beans. The defective coffee bean contains caffeine, which can negatively affect the human body, such as increased heart rate, and thus sensitive to consumption by some people. This study aims to optimize the decaffeination process of defective coffee beans. The extraction of aroma and flavor compounds was done by maceration, and the decaffeination was carried out using palm oil as a solvent. The type of beans (green and roasted beans), the decaffeination contact time, and the ratio between coffee bean extract and solvent were varied in this study. The caffeine content was quantified, and the organoleptic and color tests were done on the concentrated coffee extracts. It was found that the higher the amount of solvent volume in decaffeination, the higher the caffeine decrease. In addition, the longer the green beans’ decaffeination time, the lower the caffeine decrease. Decaffeination using green coffee beans resulted in a greater reduction of caffeine (6.515-48.241%) than roasted coffee beans (8.495-24.272%). The optimum operating condition of green coffee bean decaffeination was the coffee bean extract and solvent ratio of 1:5.82 and the decaffeination time of 26.5 minutes. The organoleptic test result shows that decaffeinated coffee flavor had the same preferability as the commercial coffee flavor and was thus able to compete in the market.
Continuous Biosorption of Pb2+ with Bamboo Shoots (Bambusa spp.) using Aspen Adsorption® Process Simulation Software Mc Lein Roger M. Lubiano II; Cris Vincent L. Manacup; Allan N. Soriano; Rugi Vicente C. Rubi
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.77314

Abstract

The health risks impact of heavy metal contamination in the environment has prompted researchers to study its mitigation in an efficient and cost-friendly approach.  Recently, simulated continuous biosorption using agricultural wastes is gaining popularity because it offers cheaper and faster alternative study methods using efficient large-scale removal of lead, which is known to cause adverse effects even at low concentrations. Bamboo shoots (Bambusa spp.), a delicacy known in Southeast Asia, are recognized worldwide, but the inedible sheath husks are thrown. This study evaluated the continuous Pb2+ biosorption performance of Bambusa spp. using Aspen Adsorption V8.4 by varying bed height, influent concentration, and volumetric flow rate. Linear driving force model was used to simplify, according to a separate batch biosorption study, ion exchange mechanism and Langmuir isotherm for equilibrium conditions. The backward differencing method was used to solve the resulting differential equation. Results showed that increasing the volumetric flowrate from 4.00x10-5 to 8.00x10-5 m3/s, the bed height from 0.2 to 1.0 m, and influent concentration from 80 to 120 ppm resulted in changes in the breakthrough time by a factor of 0,5, 4.0, and 0.67 respectively. Analysis of the breakthrough curves showed that increasing volumetric flow rate shortens breakthrough time due to reduced contact time, and increasing Pb2+ concentration facilitated ion exchange by increasing concentration difference. Bed height provides more binding sites available hence, higher Pb2+ removal.
The Deep Eutectic Solvent in Used Batteries as an Electrolyte Additive for Potential Chitosan Solid Electrolyte Membrane Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi; Ika Nawang Puspitawati; Abdul Rachman Wirayudha
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.77318

Abstract

The electrolyte or ion conductor acts as a bridge to transfer the ions the electrodes generate. In general, electrolytes are in the form of liquids. However, liquid electrolytes have drawbacks, including needing to be more practical and leaking quickly. Therefore, people switch to solid matrix electrolytes as battery electrolytes. An ideal solid electrolyte membrane must have chemical stability, thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, high flexibility, low cost, and abundant material availability. Lithium extraction from used batteries using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) was found to be an intelligent solvent. Mixing the method with lithium salt on a chitosan membrane can increase conductivity. This study aims to determine the lowest resistance value and highest conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes using Li2CO3 from used batteries. After separating the Lithium-Cobalt component from the used battery, it was extracted with deep DES solvent and precipitated using Na2CO3 to produce the Li2CO3 compound. Polymer electrolyte was synthesized by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and adding 0.2 grams, 0.4 grams, 0.6 grams, 0.8 grams, and 1 gram of chitosan. Li2CO3 variables are 0.2 grams, 0.4 grams, 0.6 grams, 0.8 grams, and 1 gram. The results showed that the higher content of chitosan and Li2CO3 led to an increase in ionic conductivity. These results concluded that the best solid electrolyte membrane was obtained with a variation ratio of 0.2 grams of chitosan with the addition of 1 gram of Li2CO3.
Melamine Acetate Preparation as a Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Additive for Particleboard Production Dicky Dermawan; Lukman Al Ghani; Aditya Bayu Prawidya
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.79192

Abstract

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin binders for wood-based panel production often use melamine as an additive to improve both mechanical properties and environmental compliance. Direct fortification for efficient use of melamine remains a problem due to low solubility. Pizzi & coworkers suggested the use of more soluble melamine salts and demonstrated success in terms of product performance. However, their preparation method showed low productivity and inefficient use of material and energy. In their scheme, a batch reactor fed with 1 kg of water and 75 g of a stoichiometric amount of melamine and acetic acid produced only around 25 g of solid melamine acetate crystal. In contrast, the remaining 50 g remained dissolved in 991 g of water, which requires high of energy to evaporate. This paper reports an attempt to increase batch productivity and work towards the more efficient use of material and energy. The experiment showed that the successive addition of melamine and acetic acid to the batch up to the solubility limit of melamine at the same reaction condition increased melamine and acetic acid fed from 75 g to 165 g. This was followed by a significant increase in dry crystal yield from 25 g to 117 - 132 g. Feeding the mother liquor to the next batch decreased the water use to only 8% of the original requirement. This resulted in a highly efficient process, eliminating the need for energy-intensive melamine acetate recovery from the mother liquor. The addition of 2% - 4% wt. of the product to UF resin resulted in particleboard with significantly lower thickness swelling, an increase in MOR & IB strength, and lower formaldehyde emission.
Production of Biodiesel Using Enzymatic Esterification of Multi-Feedstock Oils Indro Sumatri; H. Hadiyanto; S. Suherman; Marcelinus Christwardana
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.79208

Abstract

Biodiesel is produced from oils esterified with alcohol into glycerol and water. Vegetable edible oil raw materials are the main consideration in biodiesel production. This study used three types of oil, namely palm oil (PO), waste frying oil (WFO), soybean oil (SO), and corn oil (CO), with the catalyst of the enzyme lipase. The price of WFO as raw materials is low, although it must be controlled acid and water levels. In the research run, the oil mixture consists of two types of oils mixed with a certain composition and the addition of certain lipase enzymes. The research resulted that the yield produced by multi-feedstock biodiesel with free fatty acid (FFA) < 2 was 89.7%, 89.03%, and 86.11% higher than the sample with FFA > 2 at 79.54%, 74.66%, and 73.33%, respectively. The minimum density produced is a mixture of WFO with CO of 861.1 kg/m3. The largest viscosity produced is a mixture of WFO with SO of 18.03 mm2/s. Mixing raw materials can lower the number of iodine multi-feedstock biodiesel. The number of acids produced by multi-feedstock biodiesel exceeds ASTM standards. The total glycerol produced by multi-feedstock biodiesel varies, whereby a multi-feedstock blend of PO can lower total glycerol. In contrast, a multi-feedstock blend of WFO tends to produce high total glycerol.
Extraction of Java Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Using Microwave-Assisted Hydro Distillation in Pilot Scale: Parametric Study and Modelling Yeni Variyana; Zuhdi Ma&#039;sum; Donny Satria Bhuana; Mahfud Mahfud
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.79220

Abstract

This study aims to extract oil from Java lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) using the pilot-scale Microwave-Assisted Hydro distillation method (distiller volume 10,000 mL). The operating variables of this research are the extraction time, the microwave power, and the ratio of the mass of the material to the solvent (F/S ratio). The results showed an increase in the yield of lemongrass oil along with the increase in extraction time using the Microwave-Assisted Hydro distillation (MAHD) method, and this trend will continue to occur as microwave heating is selective and volumetric. Thus, there is a tendency to increase yield with increasing power. In general, it follows that the higher the power, the higher the yield. The energy received by the material to be converted into heat has caused the essential oil yield to be more abundant, with the highest yield being obtained at 800 W. The increase in the material to solvent ratio increased the oil yield up to a certain point. However, the yield started declining after the F/S ratio of 0.08 was reached. The first order kinetic model well represents the extraction process at a pilot scale. The pilot scale's oil yield is slightly lower than the laboratory scale MAHD. Compositional analysis of the result suggests that the main components of Java lemongrass oil are Geranial (30.06%), Z-Citral (25.88%), Eugenol (12.88%), and Beta-Myrcene (12.84%).
Enhancing the Anti-Fouling Property of Polyethersulfone-based Membrane using Chitosan Additive from Golden Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) Shell Waste for Water Purification Sri Mulyati; Cut Meurah Rosnelly; Yanna Syamsuddin; Nasrul Arahman; Syawaliah Muchtar; Wahyuni Wahyuni; Tiara Lauzia; Aulia Chintia Ambarita; Muhammad Roil Bilad; Shafirah Samsuri
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.79643

Abstract

One of the common techniques for treating water and water from waste effluent is membrane filtration. Polymer is the main material that is most extensively employed as a substance for membranes. Because of its outstanding strength and resistance to chemicals, Polyethersulfone, also known as PES, is a common polymer used in the production of membranes. Unfortunately, its hydrophobicity makes it easy to foul when applied to water treatment processes. This study introduced a chitosan additive isolated from golden snail shell waste as an additive for PES-based membrane fabrication via blending at 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 7 wt%. After preparation, the resultant membranes were analyzed and tested for their ability to filter a humic acid solution at a concentration of 50 mg L-1. According to the findings, the chitosan additive has the potential to change the characteristics of the membrane as well as its filtration performance. It increased the pure water flux from 110 181 L m-2 h-1 (no chitosan loading) to 181 L m-2 h-1 (for five wt% loadings). The membrane characterization results supported this increase in pure water flux, which showed that adding chitosan additives improved the porosity, size of pores, and hydrophilicity. The addition of this additive also has a good effect on the anti-fouling property by increasing the fouling recovery ratio (FRR). The FRRs for the modified membranes were 79% to 82%, which were higher than the neat PES membrane with an FRR of merely 60%.

Page 36 of 38 | Total Record : 372

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