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ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 26555409     EISSN : 26555409     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.52004
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
The ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering publishes papers on Chemical Engineering, specifically but not limited to the areas of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, process control, environment, energy, biotechnology, corrosion, separation science, powder technology, materials science, and chemical engineering education
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 372 Documents
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Chemical Properties and Breakthrough Adsorption Study of Activated Carbon Derived from Carbon Precursor from Carbide Industry Nursyuhani Che Husain; Nurul Athirah Zawawi; Fazlena Hamzah; Miradatul Najwa Mohd Rodhi; Harumi Veny; Dessy Ariyanti; Nur Athikah Mohidem
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.80035

Abstract

The residual carbon from the carbide industry in Malaysia has been explored as a precursor in activated carbon (ACs) processing via chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The residual carbon from the carbide industry consists of high fixed carbon content and is a sustainable source of raw material, making it a promising precursor for ACs processing. However, the synergy between activation temperature with impregnation ratio has yet to be well explored for precursors from carbide processing. Thus, in the present work, impregnation ratios from 1:1 to 1:5 and temperature for the activation process from 300°C to 700°C were examined in the ACs processing. The impact of these factors was evaluated towards the chemical characteristic of the derived ACs, such as pores and surface morphology, functional groups, and thermal profile. The finding indicated that the ratio of as-received carbon /KOH from 1:1 to 1:5 provided ACs with BET surface areas of 130 – 458 m2 /g and micropores content of 19 – 25.75%. The results suggested that the highest BET surface area in this range of study was 458.15 m2 /g at an activation temperature of 700oC and an impregnation ratio of 1:1. Then the developed ACs were further evaluated in carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption using breakthrough CO2 adsorption. The breakthrough time and CO2 adsorption rate capacity were calculated as 70 s and 0.175 mmol/g, respectively. This finding indicated that as-received carbon precursors from the carbide industry could be explored as one of the potential materials in ACs development, forming the microporous structure during KOH activation and encouraging the binding of CO2 molecules in CO2 capture.
Degradation of Aniline & Para- Chloroaniline from Water by Adsorption Coupled with Electrochemical Regeneration Syed muhammad Shahid Hussain; Syed Nadir Hussain; Hafiz Muhammad Anwaar Asghar; Hamed Sattar
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.85055

Abstract

Treatment methods for water-containing organics are gaining significant attraction in modern-day research. Amines are an important organic compound class encountered in industrial wastewater streams. The current research paper focuses on studying the adsorption behavior of aniline and parachloro-aniline using a graphite-based adsorbent, namely, Nyex-1000, and the subsequent regeneration of the adsorbent.   To determine Nyex-1000's adsorption capacity, several parameters, including time, pH, and concentration, were assessed. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and used adsorbent regeneration were also investigated. The adsorption of aniline and parachloro-aniline was found to be quite rapid owing to its non-porous nature. Moreover, the low energy requirement makes the process quite economical due to the high electrical conductivity of the adsorbent. The adsorption data was fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich Peterson, Sips, and Toth isotherm models. In aniline’s case, Langmuir and Parachloro-aniline Sips models gave the best fitting with the highest R2 value.  A regeneration efficiency of 100% was observed in case of both aniline and parachloro-aniline by passing a charge of 5 and 10 coulombs per gram through the adsorbent bed 10 mm in thickness. Adsorption for parachloro-aniline  was found to be 0.88 mg/g, and for aniline was found to be 0.40 mg/g. The reduction in adsorption capacity was minimal after several adsorption and regeneration cycles. This study found that spent adsorbent could be regenerated effectively through electrochemical regeneration.
Extractive Distillation of Ethanol/Water with 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid as a Separating Agent: Process Simulation Hartanto, Dhoni; Handayani, Prima Astuti; Astuti, Widi; Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Purwana, Yulian Candra; Maftukhaturrizqiyah, Maftukhaturrizqiyah; Wijayanti, Reni Titis; Wulansari, Durroti Zuhriah; Wulansarie, Ria; Pradnya, Irene Nindita; Hadikawuryan, Danang Subarkah; Wibowo, Agung Ari; Sholihin, Riza Mazidu; Chafidz, Achmad; Khoiroh, Ianatul
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.72250

Abstract

Ethanol purification has become of great interest recently because ethanol can be used as renewable energy, solvent in many industries, and for medicinal purposes. The separation of ethanol from water is challenging because the azeotropic point has appeared in this binary mixture. Extractive distillation technology is one of the most interesting methods to separate ethanol from water due to the competitiveness of its energy consumption and capital investment costs. Ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [BMIM] [Br], categorized as a green solvent, produce a significant salting-out effect in the ethanol-water system. This makes ionic liquid a promising solvent in ethanol-water separation. This study simulated the extractive distillation of an ethanol-water system with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as a solvent. The simulation and sensitivity analysis were performed on the Aspen Plus Process Simulator to obtain the optimum configuration. The NRTL thermodynamic model was used in this study. The effects of the number of stages (NS), binary feed stage (BFS), entrainer feed stage (EFS), and reflux ratio (RR) on the ethanol concentration with minimum energy requirements were studied. The most optimal configurations to produce a high ethanol concentration with less energy are NS 28, BFS 22, EFS 4, and RR 1.5.
The Efficiency of κ-Carrageenan-Chitosan-PVA-MWCNTs Membranes in Removing Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Bromocresol Purple, and Murexid from Water Widarti, Sri; Suprianti, Yanti; Kurniasetiawati, Annisa Syafitri; Tritjahjono, Rachmad Imbang
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.78794

Abstract

The electrocoagulation method has been proven to be highly effective in removing metal ions from water, with a removal efficiency of over 97%. However, in terms of removing organic pollutants such as synthetic dyes, the efficiency of electrocoagulation is still relatively low. A hybrid approach combining electrocoagulation with membrane filtration has been proposed to enhance the removal of organic contaminants. Eco-friendly membranes made from renewable natural polymers like carrageenan and chitosan, reinforced with synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and carbon nanotubes, have shown to be promising for this application. In this study, membranes with varying chitosan/carrageenan ratios of 0.2, 0.33, 0.5, and 0.71 (g/g) were used to remove synthetic dyes, including methylene blue, rhodamine B, bromocresol purple, and murexid, at a concentration of 200 ppm from 8.5 ml of water. From the SEM images, the four membranes have almost the same surface and cross-section morphology. The results showed that the membrane with a chitosan/carrageenan ratio of 0.71 exhibited the highest removal efficiency for all synthetic dyes. The parameter affecting the membrane’s removal efficiency is the interaction between the membrane and synthetic dyes. Murexid, an anionic dye, achieved a 100% removal efficiency, surpassing cationic dyes such as rhodamine B and methylene blue. Besides interactions, the dye’s molecular size determines the removal’s efficiency. The molecular size of rhodamine B is larger than that of methylene blue, and the removal efficiency of rhodamine B (98.4%) is greater than methylene blue (91%). Bromocresol purple is almost the same size as rhodamine B but not ionic because it has the lowest removal efficiency of 34.55%.
Physical Properties Investigations of Natural Rubber Composites Using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) as Modifier of Local Clay Filler Hasan, Abu; Junaidi, Robert; Yerizam, Muhammad; Arifin, Fatahul
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.80712

Abstract

Improved absorption of rubber backbone on filler surfaces is necessary to enhance the physical properties of rubber vulcanizate. One of the ways to repair the surface of the filler is through modifying using surfactant. Hence, this study aims to compare the physical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates using clay filler and modified clay with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The processes that were followed to achieve the objectives of this research were the design of rubber formulas, mastication and milling of rubber, and testing of the physical properties of rubber vulcanization. The clay characterization and its modification using FTIR and XRD were also carried out. Characterization using FTIR and XRD showed that there was indeed a clay modification with CTAB. Natural rubber compounds were also analyzed using SEM. The torque on the rheometer for modified clay with CTAB is 12.34 kg-cm higher than for original clay, which is 7.05 kg-cm. Elongation at break and tensile strength for vulcanizate using CTAB-modified clay filler is lower than that using original clay, with 300% modulus and hardness increase. Thus, clay modification using CTAB as a filler has a good effect on the curing characteristics and physical properties of natural rubber vulcanization compared to only using local clay as a filler.
Porous Carrageenan-Derived Carbons for Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Anisuzzaman, S M; Mansa, Rachel Fran; Elkes, Richmond Pillai
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.82163

Abstract

Activated carbon (AC) is a widely used adsorbent that can be applied to remove lead (Pb(II)) ions from wastewater. In the current work, carrageenan was used as a precursor to prepare carraggenan based activated carbon (CAC) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a chemical activating agent for Pb(II) ions adsorption from aqueous solution of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2). The preparation process involved activation of the carrageenan with KOH at a ratio of 1:4 followed by carbonization at 700oC for 4 h. Physical and chemical characterization of synthesized CAC was conducted to understand surface morphology and functional groups. As the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis found, the CAC particle sizes are, on average 25.11 µm before adsorption and 39.21 µm after adsorption. Functional group studies proved that the adsorbate had been adsorbed into the CAC by showing a band stretch of the nitrile group in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The adsorption process was optimized by changing the temperature of adsorption, dosage of adsorbent, and initial concentration of adsorbate. At the optimum conditions, maximum Pb(II) ions adsorption on the CAC was achieved by 99.04%. Throughout this study, the highest capacity of CAC was determined to be 1.95 mg/g, while the minimum capacity was found to be 0.19 mg/g. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were studied to understand adsorption mechanisms. The results suggested that the Langmuir isotherm model fits better than the Freundlich model with a regression coefficient  of 0.9845. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. Pseudo-second-order exhibited the best fit data for kinetic studies with a regression coefficient of 0.9996, indicating that the adsorption of lead using CAC is limited by the chemisorption process.
Simulation on the Breakthrough Curve During CO2 Adsorption from Biogas in a Fixed Bed Column Kindi, Hablinur al; Tambunan, Armansyah Halomoan; Hartulistiyoso, Edy; Salundik, Salundik; Sutoyo, Edi; Sutisna, Setya Permana
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.82470

Abstract

Separation of CO2 gas from the biogas can be accomplished by adsorption process. An adsorbent has a maximum capacity, so the adsorbent will eventually be saturated at a certain time. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate the adsorption mass transfer to produce a breakthrough curve. The breakthrough curve from the simulation of adsorption mass transfer was validated with the experimental data. The research was conducted using variations in temperature and pressure. The mass transfer simulation was solved using the finite difference method. The adsorbent used in this research was 13X zeolite and the biogas was obtained from cow dung waste. Convergent curves can be obtained in numerical simulations as breakthrough curves. This research shows that adsorption should occur at low temperatures and high pressure. Column height and flow velocity also influence the breakthrough time. The comparison of the simulated breakthrough time with experimental data is not much different with R2 0.9969. The striking difference is in the adsorption zone with average relative error (ARE) values ranging from 9.57% to 20.49%. From the results of entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy calculations, the biogas adsorption research on the 13x zeolite column is an exothermic and spontaneous process
Photocatalytic Degradation Activity of the Biosynthesized R. rosifolius Mediated Silver Nanoparticles in Methylene Blue Dye Martin, Marilen M.; Sumayao, Jr., Rodolfo E.; Soriano, Allan N.; Rubi, Rugi Vicente C.
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.82506

Abstract

Water pollution is a chronic problem affecting the entire ecosystem.  To partly remediate water pollution, wastewater treatment prior to disposal must be done regularly. Here, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was assessed using R. rosifolius Linn (also known as sampinit) aqueous fruit extract silver nanoparticles (SAFE-AgNPs). In this study, the SAFE-AgNPs were utilized to remediate wastewater contaminated with methylene blue (MB) dye which is harmful to the environment, aquatic and human lives. As previously described, SAFE-AgNPs were synthesized via a simple ‘one-pot’ approach. SAFE-AgNPs were assessed for their photocatalytic reduction of MB dye following sunlight or LED irradiation. Kinetic adsorption models were employed to determine the adsorption uptake of MB by SAFE-AgNPs. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by SAFE-AgNPs was achieved under sunlight and LED irradiations at 98.8% and 97.6%, respectively. These results on the photocatalytic degradation of MB by SAFE-AgNPs may offer a potential strategy in wastewater treatment.
Optimization of Lithium Separation from NCA Leachate Solution: Investigating the Impact of Feed Concentration, Pressure, and Complexing Agent Concentration Mustika, Pra Cipta Buana Wahyu; Suryanaga, Edward Chandra; Perdana, Indra; Sutijan, Sutijan; Astuti, Widi; Petrus, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti; Prasetya, Agus
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.83096

Abstract

Recycling lithium batteries (LIB) has emerged as an attractive solution in the global pursuit of environmentally friendly practices. The aim of achieving zero–waste hydrometallurgical technology is within reach. This research focuses on utilizing the low-pressure nanofiltration process to address this challenge by separating lithium ions from other ions and achieving a desirable permeate flux. The NCA battery leachate concentrate was obtained through a hydrometallurgical process involving sulfuric acid–peroxide. To ensure the prevention of potential nanofiltration membrane (TS80) fouling, the concentrate is initially filtered using an ultrafiltration membrane (UH004) to remove any particles. The research investigates the impact of pressure (4, 6, and 7 bar), solution concentration (concentrate, 10x, and 50x dilution), and the concentration of the complexing agent (EDTA) on the desired separation performance. The investigation reveals that pressure variations exhibit consistent rejection rates, remaining stable above 80%. A similar trend is observed with the addition of EDTA, which consistently yields rejection rates above 80%. However, when examining different feed concentrations, the rejection of lithium falls below 80% for leachate concentrates. In summary, satisfactory results are obtained by employing nanofiltration with a TS80 membrane at a pressure of 7 bar, a dilution factor of 10x, and using a 0.02M EDTA complexing agent. Meanwhile, it was found that the separation factors (Li⁺/Ni²⁺ = ~8.6, Li⁺/ Co²⁺ = ~7.3, Li⁺/Al³⁺ = ~4.9) and permeate flux ±46.58 L m⁻² h⁻¹. The findings demonstrate good selectivity along with relatively high flux.
Application of Nanocrystal Cellulose Based on Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch as Glucose Biosensing Pranolo, Sunu Herwi; Waluyo, Joko; Ikbar, Royhan; Damayanthy, Ramanda Ayu; Lestary, Septy; Qadarusman, Muhammad Luqman
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.83422

Abstract

Abstract. Biosensors for glucose sensing purposes are important since diabetes is a worldwide disease. One of the components of glucose biosensors is cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNCs are cellulose derivatives that could be extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Indonesia has a high potential for OPEFB due to its abundance of resources. CNCs have poor conductivity as biosensors, so adding supporting electro-conductor components such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (G-CNT) is necessary. In this research, the amount of bleaching agent of H2O2 in CNCs extraction varies between 1.5% and 10%, and the portion of CNCs in the composite varies between 5%, 15%, and 30%. The purpose of this research is to create an optimum biosensor composite based on its CNCs quality through particle size analysis (PSA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests followed by cyclic voltammetry to determine biosensor’s impedance, limit of detection (LOD), and performance stability. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) tests are also conducted as process control. The research shows the success of delignification in CNC extraction based on FTIR. Crystallinity enhancement up to 51% as delignification using 1.5% and 10% H2O2 yields CNC with a crystallinity index of 87.1% and 94.0%. The average size of CNCs with delignification by 1.5% and 10% H2O2 are 640.0 nm and 579.8 nm, respectively. Results of testing the biosensor glucose G-CNT/CNC showed the best composition is 5% CNCs that using 10% H2O2 which the highest oxidation peak is 0.00205 A and reduction peak is -0.00223 A. Data of variance composition show the difference of the data is significant by using ANOVA SPSS Test. The biosensor has an accuracy of 83.2% in a test for diabetic urine.

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