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INDONESIA
Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
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ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT BASED SHELL OIL PALM USING THE ACTIVATOR OF ZnCl2 Trisnaliani, Lety
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): KINETIKA 01032017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

PT. Sawit Mas Sejahtera is a limited liability company whose efforts include oil palm plantations and palm oil mills. Waste generated is CPO (22.5%), Kernel (5.5%), Empty Bunch (21%), Fibre (12.5%), Shell (6.5%) and effluent (55%). The method used in this research is to utilize palm shell as a raw material preparation active carbon with the activation process. As for the preparation of activated carbon depends on the addition of activator ZnCl2 with variable concentrations of 5% to 25%. Based on the analysis that has been set, it can be concluded palm shells can be processed into activated carbon and activated carbon obtained the best on the size of 200 mesh and a concentration of 20% with a water content of 8.80%, ash content of 4.28%, the absorption of iodine 997.97 mg / L.
Effect Of Addition Of Natural Rubber (Sir 20) And Synthetic Rubber (Tire Used) Erlinawati, M.T, Ir.; Dewi, Erwana
KINETIKA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2011): KINETIKA 01032011
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Penambahan senyawa polimer, seperti karet alam (SIR 20) dan karet sintetis (Ban bekas) ke dalam Aspal SRC (Singapore Refining Company) Pen. 60/70, pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Aspal Karet dengan keelastisan yang baik. Pada penelitian ini, jumlah penggunaan karet alam (SIR 20) yang ditambahkan ke dalam 300 gram aspal SRC divariasikan sebanyak 0, 5, dan 10 gram, sedangkan jumlah karet sintetis (Ban bekas) divariasikan sebanyak 100, 150, dan 200 gram. Senyawa polimer di dalam pembuatan Aspal Karet ini berperan sebagai bahan aditif dalam peningkatan mutu aspal. Aspal Karet dengan variasi masing-masing komposisi di dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis terhadap parameter penetrasi, daktilitas, berat jenis, titik nyala, dan titik lembek. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis parameter dari variasi komposisi tersebut sangat jauh dari analisis parameter Aspal Standar, sehingga Aspal Karet dengan variasi komposisi tersebut tidak memenuhi persyaratan pengujian Aspal Standar dengan metode SNI. Hasil analisis Aspal Karet yang memiliki sifat-sifat fisik yang lebih baik adalah Aspal Karet dengan komposisi karet alam (SIR 20) sebanyak 10 gram dan karet sintetis (Ban bekas) sebanyak 100 gram menghasilkan angka penetrasi sebesar 204,4 mm, daktilitas 30,5 cm, berat jenis 1,079 gr/cc, titik nyala 211oC, dan titik lembek 27,6oC.
ANALISIS ENERGI BOILER PIPA AIR MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR Aswan, Arizal
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017): KINETIKA 01072017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menenetukan efisiensi termal boiler furnace dan menentukan spesific fuel consumed bahan bakar. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui heat loss pada ukan proses pembakaran ada unit boiler furnace. Bahan bakar yang digunakan yaitu solar dengan massa bahan akar yang berbeda – beda. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perhitungan maka didapat heat loss radiasi pada boiler furnace sebesar 13%, heat loss konveksi 7,18%, dari teori yang Seharusnya heat loss ini harusnya tidak lebih dari 1 % . Heat loss yang terjadi di unit prototype steam power plant ini masih terbilang besar jika ditinjau dari PLTGU PLN Sektor Keramasan dengan heat loss secara radias, dan konveksi. Heat loss ini dapat ditanggulangi dengan beberapa cara salah satunya yaitu dengan teknik isolator baik menggunakan semen atau pun asbes sesuai dengan nilai konduktifitas yang dibutuhakan dan dapat ditentukan dari hasil perhitungan desain.
Judul Abstrak Siviyati, Idha
KINETIKA Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): KINETIKA 01032016
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Contoh Abstrak
PENGARUH SUHU DAN TEKANAN MEMBRAN TERHADAP PENURUNAN ZAT WARNA LIMBAH TENUN SONGKET Chodijah, Siti
KINETIKA Vol 2, No 2 (2011): KINETIKA 01072011
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Jika air limbah tidak diolah secara baik, akan mengandung beberapa komponen pencemar yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negative terhadap kehidupan manusia dan lingkungannya seperti limbah cair  yang dihasilkan dari industry rumah tangga seperti limbah cair tenun songket yang mempunyai warna begitu pekat yang menyebabkan penyakit pada pengrajinnya dan merusak lingkungan pada umumnya. Dengan teknologi yang tepat dalam penanganannya dan derajat pemisahan lebih baik, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 300 ppm dan variasi tekanan ,temperature.menggunakan teknologi membrane keramik yang dapat menurunkan konsentrasi dan derajat pemisahan lebih baik dengan hasil yang didapat density 1.005, Piskositas 1,17 mg/l, pH 7.1 COD 1,8 mg/l, BOD 5,46,kekeruhan 7,2 NTU dan TSS mencapai 0,00451 mg/l,sedangkan warna merah tua menjadi tidak berwarna, limbah cair songket hasil olahan dengan membrane.
BIODIESEL PROCESS PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING MICROWAVES AND HIGH VOLTAGE Trisnaliani, Lety; Moulita, RA Nurul
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 3 (2017): KINETIKA 01112017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Increasing fuel demand has an impact for decreasing fossil energy reserves. One of the government ways to solve this problem is by increasing the production of biomass fuels, for example biodiesel. Biodiesel can be produced from waste cooking oil through the transesterification stage that reacts oil molecules with alcohol and catalyst to produce methyl esters. Heating method that can be used is microwaves method. This method utilizes wave emission which is absorbed by the sample to make sample’s temperature being higher than surface’s temperature of the reactor’s wall. In the process of making biodiesel, there are several factors that affected heating process. There are ratio of waste cooking oil and methanol, an amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, voltage, and distance of electrodes. The effect of that factors can be seen from the result of the biodiesel’s rendement. From this research, we had ratio 5:1 of waste cooking oil and methanol got 85,. % rendement, 2% of catalyst got 87.12% rendement, 60oC reaction temperature got 88.88% rendement, 10 kV got 89.12% rendement, and 1 cm of electrode’s distance got 86.34% rendement. This result suggests that a biodiesel production prototype with microwaves and high voltage utilization can produce a high percentage of biodiesel rendement
EFFECT OF CRYSTALIZATION TEMPERATURE AND COOLING TIME IN SEPARATION PROCESS OF STEARIN FROM CASTOR OIL USING DRY FRACTINATION METHODE Meidinariasty, Anerasari; Aswan, Arizal; Meilan, Tri Shella
KINETIKA Vol 3, No 3 (2012): KINETIKA 01112012
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Stearin is a fat which is solid in room temperature and commonly used  in making candles and soap.  Stearin is usually separated using one of these three methodes ; wet method (lipofractination), dry method and fractionating with solvent.  Among these methods, the dry method is commonly used to separate stearin from crude palm oil, because this process is simple and no chemical is used and produced.  The dry fractionation method was been applied to castor oil, to separate the stearin from its olein. First,  the oil was heated at 700C and then cooled down to 450C in stirring, the cooling process hence separated stearin from the oil.  After that, The crystallization was carried in temperature that was varied from 100C to 200C in range 50C. The processes were varied from 2 hours, 5 hours and 8 hours. The best result obtained at temperature 100C for 8 hours which yielded 34.8% rendemen with 0.255 % water content, having density of 0.8925g/ml and free fatty acid content of 11.177 %.  The Iodine value was 55.518.  These data were closed to the stearin data of stearin from crude palm oil.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BELIMBING WULUH SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGUMPAL TERHADAP KUALITAS KARET SIR 20 Purnamasari, Indah; Prastanto, Henry
KINETIKA Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014): KINETIKA 01032014
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The level of cleanliness and type of coagulant used were overlooked in processing latex into bokar. By reason of expensive and difficult getting formic acid, farmers generally use chemicals such as alum and TSP fertilizer as a coagulant. Thus, in this study is used Averrhoa bilimbi as an alternative coagulant and see its effect on the quality of rubber SIR 20. Latex coagulated with Averrhoa bilimbi extract water (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) and 2% formic acid as comparison, to achieve 4.5 to 4.8 of pH in the plastic tub and time of coagulation recorded. Coagulum (which had coagulated latex) observed in color, odor, and texture changes for 2 weeks. Then, coagulum milled with using a creeper to further tested dry rubber content, ash content, the initial plasticity (Po), plasticity retention index (PRI), levels of substance evaporates, and the levels of impurities. The results showed that the rubber is used higher concentration Averrhoa bilimbi extract produce higher Po and Po optimum achieve in Averrhoa bilimbi 75% extract. The optimum PRI is resulted by the higher Averrhoa bilimbi extract. The higher content of Averrhoa bilimbi extract, the greater of ash content, but the ash content is still under standard rubber SIR 20. The lower impurities levels rubber with Averrhoa bilimbi higher extract and when it compared with formic acid. For volatile substances, Averrhoa bilimbi extract showed almost the same results with formic acid coagulant. From these obtained data, the use of Averrhoa bilimbi extracts as an alternative coagulant should be considered.
THE ANALYSIS YIELD PERCENT BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL IS VIEWED FROM OF TIME REACTION EFFECTAND THE EFFECT OF NaOH CATALYST USING MICROWAVES AND HIGH VOLTAGE Azharuddin, Azharuddin
KINETIKA Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017): KINETIKA 01032017
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The use of energy increases related with the increasing of human population on earth, it is increases because human needs energy to move. Fossil energy is the energy that still become a primmadonna. The limited of energy resources in the middle of the increasing human energy needs from year to years (growth of energy consumption in 2004 amount 4.3%) Biodiesel is one of the biomassa fuel that can replacing fuel oil. Biodiesel can be produces from Jelantah oil that has a same type of biomassa. Jelantah oil can be con verted into biodiesel by using the transesterification that reacts the reacts the oil molecules with the alcohol and the catalyst to obtain methyl esters. One of the heating methods that can be used to convert oil into biodiesel is the microwave method. This microwave heating method utilizes the wave emission absorbed by the sample temperatures, so the teperatus can be higher than the surface temperature of the partition wall. There are several factors of making biodieses that can affect the heating process. The effect of the reaction time can be seen from the percent yield of biodiesel obtained. From the result of the research, the reaction time used 5, 10, 15 with the fixed temperature 55◦c, the optimum results are obtained at 15 minutes because the contact between subtances will be more higher so can reach the higher conversion. the process variable is the amount of NaOH catalyst observed in this experiment., the best conditions, the maximum yield of used wastewater biodiesel is 74.45% obtained using a mole ratio of 1: 6 wet / methanol oil at 60 ° C with a reaction time of 10 minutes and a 1.5% NaOH catalyst.
Rancang Bangun Alat Aquadest dan Aquabidest dengan Bahan Baku Air Bersih (PDAM) (Kajian Kinerja Pada Alat Destilasi Aquabidest) Pratiwi, Tati
KINETIKA Vol 1, No 1 (2013): TEKNIK ENERGI 01012013
Publisher : Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Peningkatan efisiensi suatu peralatan sangat perlu dilakukan agar tidak terjadi pemborosan energi. Telah diketahui  energi berbahan bakar fosil terus meningkat dan cepat habis, sehingga dibutuhkan energi alternatif selain tidak cepat habis, energi ini mudah didapat. Peralatan ini dapat diaplikasikan di laboratorium, apotek, rumah sakit, dll. Dalam proses penyulingan di laboratorium, hasil destilasi pertama aquadest  biasanya tidak dimanfaatkan lagi untuk menjadi produk yang bernilai tinggi yakni aquabidest. Oleh karena itulah dibuat alat aquadest dan aquabidest untuk meningkatkan efisiensi peralatan dan mengetahui berapa konsumsi energi untuk memanaskan air dengan variasi volume yang berbeda - beda. Metode yang digunakan dalam rancang bangun ini, yakni rancangan struktural dan rancangan fungsional. Pada proses pemanasan air di evaporator dengan variasi volume yakni 1 liter, 2 liter, 2,5 liter, 3 liter dan 3,5 liter dapat dilihat jumlah uap yang banyak dengan proses pemanasan yang singkat.semakin kecil volume air umpan maka akan semakin besar efisiensi, ini dikarenakan proses pemanasannya cepat sehingga jumlah uap akan lebih banyak dalam operasi 1 jam.yaitu pada volume 1 liter, begitu pula (SFC) nya, semakin besar volume air umpan maka akan semakin besar penggunaan konsumsi energinya.yaitu pada 3 liter, yaitu 2,79 kwh/kg.

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