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Kinetika
Published by Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
ISSN : 16939050     EISSN : 26231417     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan merupakan hasil-hasil riset/penelitian dalam bidang Teknik Kimia, Bioteknologi, Energi dan Lingkungan, Agroindustri dan pangan, serta Petrokimia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 214 Documents
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PROTOTYPE DRYER SOLAR IN TERMS OF USAGE DUAL COLLECTOR THERMAL AND SYSTEM PHOTOVOLTAIC Ridwan, Kiagus Ahmad
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018): KINETIKA 01032018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Direct drying method is still widely used by the general public and home industry, in the application of this type of method has several disadvantages such as susceptible to dust or pollution so that the resulting product is not hygienic and the drying time up to days is also a shortage of direct drying. Based on the problems faced, an innovation is carried out in the process of drying environmentally friendly food by using thermal collectors and solar panels as a result of renewable energy development. From the results of the study it can be seen that the length of drying time affects the energy produced by the dual collector thermal to the mass of vaporized H2O and the resulting heat loss. In the research carried out, mass H2O was highest evaporated in the 240th minute of 0,1998 grams and the highest amount of heat loss in the 300th minute was 1604,38 kJ with the energy produced by the dual collector thermal was 4221,0498 kJ, whereas in the study with the use of photovoltaic systems the highest amount of heat loss produced in the 120th minute is 570,389 kJ and the highest electrical power generated at 12:00 WIB with a slope of 300 angle of 10,25 watts.
PENGARUH WAKTU DAN KECEPATAN ALIRAN UDARA TERHADAP KADAR AIR PADA PROSES PENGASAPAN IKAN DENGAN SISTEM SIRKULASI ASAP BEBAS TAR Aswan, Arizal
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018): KINETIKA 01032018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Coconut shell is one of the biomass that is often thrown away in traditional markets. Though coconut shell can be used as raw material to be processed into charcoal. The content of phenol in the coconut shell plays a role to preserve food naturally. One of the foods that can be preserved with the smoke produced from the coconut shell is smoked fish. But the processing is still traditionally. So therefore, the purpose of this research is to obtain a set of smokers with an environmentally friendly smoke circulation system and reduce the tar content generated from smoke to improve the quality and quantity of the product. This research uses lais fish as raw material and coconut shell as fumigation fuel. The curing temperature is maintained between 80–100 oC for 7-9 hours. Measured data include temperature, time, humidity of the fuming chamber, airflow velocity, fish weight, initial and final fuel weight, and moisture content of the starting and ending fumes. The results of the analysis of this research indicate that temperature, curing time, and airflow rate are the main factors that greatly affect the final mass of fish and the percentage of moisture content during fumigation. Where the average water content lost is 40.1% at 7 hours, 40.7% at 8 hours, and 41.3% at 9 hours.
PROTOTIF ALAT PENYANGRAI KOPI TIPE ROTARI DILENGKAPI PRE-HEATER Rusnadi, Irawan
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018): KINETIKA 01032018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Coffee is one of the most popular and the most consumed because the taste it has. Roasting is an important step in the flavor development and aroma of coffee beans. Roasting is a way of drying using high temperature. High temperatures are able to change the chemical components and physical structure of a material. The materials used in this research are robusta coffee beans. The roasted coffee beans used a rotary roaster drum. Heating system using direct heating. The parameters of roasting results include moisture content, energy requirements during the process roasting, fuel consumption and roasting efficiency . The roasting machine is equipped with a cooling bin of the post-roasting coffee bean with a blower system with the working principle of blowing hot air into the environment resulting in cooling process. The results of the study revealed that the lowest moisture content and highest energy requirements were obtained at a temperature of 200oC which was 0.60% with an energy requirement of 605.09 kJ and the highest efficiency was obtained at a temperature of 180oC at 8 minutes which is 33.43%.
KARAKTERISTIK BIOPELET DARI VARIASI BAHAN BAKU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF Zikri, Ahmad
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018): KINETIKA 01032018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

The national petroleum reserves in form as proven reserves or potential reserves continue to decrease every year. The decreace of potential fossil energy encourages goverment to prioritize renewable energy to avoid energy crisis, one of them which is biomass pellet (biopellet). Biopellet is a fuel which made from densified solid biomass. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of mixed material and the best composition of biopelet made from coconut fiber and damar latex and the quality compared with the existing quality standard. In this research, there are two form of biopelet,which is biopelet from saw dust and kenanga, and the other is biopellet from coconut fiber and damar latex. The ratio of saw dust and kenanga in first form is 5:1 and 10:1 which is seperate by variation of its size 20, 60, and 170 mesh. And the second form with damar latex composition is 0%, 10% and 20% with the size of coconut fiber + 60 mesh. The mixture is molded into biopelet and then tested to determine the value of heat, density, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content and fixed carbon. From the result of research, it is found that the best biopellet composition of the first form is the sample with the ratio of saw dust and kenanga 5:1 in size 20 mesh that produces biopellet with moisture content of 2.8846%, ash content of 3.8835%, volatile matter content 70.1402%, fixed carbon 23.0917%, density 0.8114 gr/cm3 , and calorific value of 4724.0509 cal/gram. And for the second form the best biopellet is with composition coconut fiber 80% and damar latex 20%, that produces moisture content of 3.2872%, ash content of 2.4866%, volatile matter content 77.7634%, fixed carbon 16.4628%, density 1.4363 gr/cm3 , initial flame up to fire 8.10 seconds and calorific value of 5243.7426 cal/gram. Calorific value, physical analysis and chemical analysis of this biopelet meet the standards of SNI 8021-2014.
ANALISIS KINERJA PROTOTIPE PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO TURBIN KAPLAN SUMBERDAYA HEAD POTENSIAL Syarif, Aida
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018): KINETIKA 01032018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Research on Prototype of Microhydro Power Plant Kaplan Turbine Potential Head Resource laboratory scale by utilizing potential energy of water and using application on Kaplan Turbine.Performance Analysis Prototype of Micro Hydro Power Plant uses the basic equations that is applied in the calculation analysis to determine the best performance analysis of the generating power of 8.5 watts is located at of head 1.8 m by opening full valve or flow rate variation of 140.5 L/min Minute with number of 16 blades. The results of optimum performance analysis of the plant are on different altitudes of head 1.7 m by opening valve ¾ or a flow rate variation of 105.4 L/min obtained best performance in actual condition with electrical powerperformance of 6.4 watt. The electrical power got best performance at different of head 1.6 m by opening valve ¼ or flow rate variation of 32.8 L/min with the result of 1.1 watt. The electrical power performance shows best performance in head different of 1.4 m by opening valve ½ or 60.8 L/min flowrate variation with the result of 4 watt
PERANCANGAN ALAT PRESS UNTUK FIBERBOARD (DITINJAU DARI KERAPATAN DAN KADAR AIR) Meidinariasty, Anerasari
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018): KINETIKA 01032018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Fiberboard is a product made from wood or other lignocellulosic materials that is combined with synthetic adhesive and then processed by pressing. Corn cobs, coconut fiber, sawdust, and coffee bean pulp are lignocellulosic materials that can be used as raw materials for particle board. The manufacture of fiberboard is carried by variation of the raw material composition and variation of the additive which is used to know their effects on particle board quality based on SNI Standard 03-2105-2006. The manufacture of particle board was done with press machine. From the result of the analysis, it was found that variations of raw materials composition can affect the physical properties of the fiberboard. Physical properties parameters such as density and moisture content have fulfilled the standards of SNI 03-2105-2006. The best treatment in the manufacture of fiberboard is found on the composition of 70% corn cobs:30% coco fiber and 70% coffee bean pulp:30% sawdust seen from its high density and low moisture content value of the entire fiberboard produced
PRODUKSI GAS NITROGEN DENGAN METODE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION (PSA) MENGGUNAKAN CARBON MOLECULAR SIEVE (CMS) SEBAGAI PENYERAP OKSIGEN Ahmadan, Fatria
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018): KINETIKA 01032018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Air is one of the needs always used by living things directly or indirectly. The composition of the air consists of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide as well as the number of other constituents that are very small. One important component of air is nitrogen gas. With such a large amount, nitrogen gas can be utilized for several uses, among others in the fertilizer industry, and as an air filler press on vehicle tires. One method of air separation to obtain nitrogen gas is the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) method. Adsorption is a process whereby fluid molecules touch and attach to the solid surface. The PSA process uses a compressor as an air supply. Air is fed to the PSA column by adjusting the feed pressure, then air will be separated between O2 and N2 by using Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) adsorbers as absorbents in the PSA column. Pressure and time variations were performed with the aim to see the effect of CMS saturation and regeneration on the resulting Nitrogen content.
ANALISA EKSERGI PADA PRODUKSI NITROGEN SISTEM PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION (PSA) Syakdani, Adi
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 2 (2018): KINETIKA 01072018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Nitrogen is staple compound in the chemical industry. Nitrogen demand continues to increase every year. Indonesia's nitrogen demand reaches 6% of world demand, and this number is expected to continue to increase. Increased nitrogen demand will also require high nitrogen production. In the production of nitrogen the most commonly used method is cryogenic systems. But in this way a lot of energy is wasted, especially in the conversion process. In an effort to use energy efficiently, non-cryogenic nitrogen production systems were developed. One of them is the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system, which applies the principle of adsorption.. Factors that may affect the purity of the product are the adsorbate pressure (air) and the adsorbate contact time and the adsorbent. Adsorbent used is Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS). Compressed air is obtained from the compression process by a compressor that uses electricity as the primary power source. In an effort to optimize the use of energy used, the adsorbat pressure varied from 4.5.6 and 7 bar, while the contact time was varied 1.3. and 5 minutes. Based on the results of the study the most optimal operating conditions have been carried out to produce high nitrogen purity at 4 bar pressure and 5 minutes contact time and the resulting nitrogen purity is 96.2%.The optimum condition of exergy efficiency is 7 bar at 1 minute contact time with 97.079% exergy efficiency. While for the compressor the highest compressor efficiency and the lowest Irreversibility that is at the pressure of 7.1 bar that is efficiency 78.925% and Ic 14.951 kJ/kg
KOMPOSIT DENGAN MATRIK SODIUM SILIKAT DAN PENGISI SENG OKSIDA SEBAGAI THERMAL GREASE UNTUK CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) Hasan, Abu
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 2 (2018): KINETIKA 01072018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Sodium silicate has a higher thermal conductivity and lower viscosity than the basic material for making thermal grease that is widely used today, silicon. On the other hand, ceramic materials such as zinc oxide have many advantages compared to metals as thermal grease fillers which are widely used today. Composites with sodium silicate matrix and zinc oxide fillers were studied as thermal grease for central processing units. This research aims to produce thermal grease for CPU that have better quality than those on the market today. Thermal grease was made by mixing nanosized zinc oxide fillers and sodium silicate matrix with filler concentrations of 16 wt%, 18 wt%, and 20 wt% and tested by application-specific test method. The results of the study show an increase in thermal conductivity to the increase in filler fractions. Thermal grease with 20 wt% fillers produces thermal grease with the highest and most stable thermal conductivity.
PRODUKSI GAS HIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH KALENG MINUMAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN SISTEM FOTOVOLTAIK Erlinawati, Erlinawati
KINETIKA Vol. 9 No. 2 (2018): KINETIKA 01072018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

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Abstract

Hydrogen is a more friendly alternative fuel because its only produces moisture.The electrolysis method in alkaline solutions is the simplest way to produce hydrogen. In addition, the use of aluminum cans can increase the amount of gas production. This process use photofoltaic as a direct current supply for electrolysis. This study uses concentration of KOH is 1, 1.5 and M with a mass variation of aluminum 10 gr, 30 gr, and 50 gr. In the process, utilization of circulation and electrolyte regeneration is carried out. Based on the results of the study showed that by utilizing the regeneration process can increase the production of hydrogen gas. And it was found that the more mass of aluminum used with the same concentration can produce more hydrogen gas. The largest volume of hydrogen gas is obtained in aluminum waste with a concentration of 1 M KOH and Al 50 gram which is equal to 12.359 ml/ s. Then also obtained research results from the utilization of fotovoltaic obtained hydrogen gas volume 11.7326 ml/ s current of 13.51A with a concentration of 2M

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