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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 390 Documents
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Management of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier in the Gulf and Mediterranean region C.P. Ramachandran
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.409

Abstract

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is the most deadly and dangerous pest of coconut, date, oil, sago and other palms. R. ferrugineus is distributed in over 33 countries over a wide range of area under different agro-climatic conditions and attacks more than two dozen palm species. In the Middle East the weevil is the most destructive pest of the date palms. The hidden nature of the pest attack makes timely detection of the infestation and control measures difficult. The earlier reviews provide details of biology and control methods viz. phyto-sanitary and preventive, curative, biological, baiting and trapping etc. Different combinations of above mentioned control methods have also been tried with varying degrees of success. Results of two major IPM programmes carried out in the gulf countries, the first during 1993-1998 mainly based on chemical and pheromone trapping and the second from 1998-2002 using bio-agents and pheromone trapping are discussed. In Jordan valley intensive pheromone trapping and incorporation of systemic insecticide in irrigation water could not control the pest even after three years. Development of ecofriendly pest control strategies like hybrid sterility, incompatibility and disruption of tolerance to high temperatures in Gulf and Mediterranean regions is suggested to combat the pest.
Preliminary attempt at biological control of coconut leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker using two Trichogramma species S.K. Jalali; T. Venkatesan; K.S. Murthy; T.V. Bhaskaran; Y. Lalitha
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.410

Abstract

A preliminary attempt was made for biological control of coconut leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker, by releasing two Trichogramma species viz. T. chilonis Ishii and T. embryophagum Hartig @ 1,000 to 4,000 parasitised eggs per palm in Bangalore, India. The mean percent reduction in larval population by 75.6, 60.0, 33.3 and 50.0% in T. chilonis and 88.8%, 175.0, 66.7 and 75.0% in T. embryophagum was recorded in treated palms during 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of the pest compared to untreated control. There was non- significant difference between various release rates irrespective of the species, indicating that lower release rate of 1,000 parasitised eggs/palm as adequate. On sentinel egg cards, parasitism was low 2.0 - 5.0%, 0.0 - 2.0% and 0.0% in T. chilonis, and T. embryophagum released palms and untreated control palms, respectively. The field trial gave an indication that Trichogramma could be a potential parasitoid against O. arenosella and it is suggested that the parasitoids could be released and tested on a large scale in endemic areas to authenticate efficacy.
Refinement of ELISA and its use in early detection of coconut root (wilt) disease M. Sasikala; V. R. Prakash; V. P. Sapna; M. Mayilvaganan; Leena. S. Nair
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.411

Abstract

Root (wilt) is a major disease of coconut in Kerala and in certain parts of Tamil Nadu. The lasting solution for combating the disease is by evolving root (wilt) disease resistant/tolerant varieties through sustained breeding programmes. Development of visual symptoms of root (wilt) disease is very slow and there is a time lag between infection and symptom expression. Therefore, identification of root (wilt) disease-free palms using early diagnostic techniques (serological techniques) is a basic requirement for the production of quality seedlings. For the mass screening of coconut samples DAC-indirect ELISA has been standardized earlier using antibody raised against pathogen related protein found in diseased palms, but it take about 44 hrs for the completion of the test. In the present investigation using phytoplasma-specific antibodies, test could be refined to make it a more rapid and sensitive one. It has been found that the results could be obtained within 24 hrs with very high sensitivity of 98.4%. Similarly, efficiency of extracting antigen from coconut leaf samples was enhanced by using ART MICCRA D-8 tissue homogeniser. Highest difference in absorbance values between healthy and infected samples was obtained while using carbonate bicarbonate buffer pH 9.6 with additives followed by plain buffer. Thus test could be used to detect phytoplasmal infection in coconut palms even before the appearance of visual symptoms. The modified procedure is being used for identifying disease-free mother palms from disease endemic areas for producing quality seedlings either by crossing programmes or from open pollinated nuts.
Towards identifying choice (strategies) of technologies vs vagaries on coconut for sustainable adoption – A field – oriented exercise in participatory planning and action B. Subburaj; R. Subramanian
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.412

Abstract

Promotion of greater access to affordable choice of technologies and their prompt use for coconut productivity is necessary to sustainable development of coconut farming. The crux of the issue is; coconut growers who are aware and have the knowledge of the technologies, also seem to be reticent about adopting the package. The question therefore is; why does this happen? This research paper summons the identification of social and ecological elements that surround adoption of innovative technologies in improving coconut production and the kind of strategies for a best fit for a need-based programme of knowledge transfer, facilitating picking up a few technologies for possible adoption. A methodological prime-mover viz., Participatory Rural Appraisal, Planning and Action among coconut growers was used to walk the ‘reality-led’ and ‘technology-driven’ choices that are really acceptable and usable. Yet the farmers/neighbours appeared to be reluctant even to “talk” the “walk”. On the other hand, absence of dependable and sustainable model, lack of confidence, inadequate infrastructure and support systems, including sufficient and timely credit and constant exposure through IT seem to accelerate ‘vagaries’ on coconut for sustainable adoption. The need must, therefore be to polarize the two contrasting positions-appropriate tech-choice vs vagaries of adoption-by a suitable ‘model’ that would serve as a guide to coconut farmers.
Variation of protease activity in coconut kernel in relation to variety, nut maturity and season Panicker, L.M.; Usha, R.; Mandan, C.N.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.413

Abstract

Studies on the presence and involvement of proteases in the development and maturation of endosperm of Cocos nucifera L. revealed changes in concentration of proteases with the age of the nut, variety and season. More BAPNA (Na - Benzoyl DL - arginine p-nitroanilide) hydrolysing activity. Was observed at the immature stage and more gelatinolytic activity at the mature stage of the coconut endosperm development. There was apparent difference between seasons, the highest protease activity was during winter months.
A REVIEW OF THE TROPICAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE COCONUT INDUSTRY D. ADAIR; J.H. BROADBENT
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 2 No 01 (1986): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v2i01.189

Abstract

The Tropical Development and Research Institute (TDRI) was formed on l April 1983 by the amalgamation of the Tropical Products Institute (TPI) and the Centre for Overseas Pest Re­search (COPR). The Institute has a long history of providing assistance and advice to developing countries in post‑harvest aspects of food and other agricultural commodities, which include the many products dexived from the coconut. This review covers the Institute's work over the last ten years and illustrates the wide range of interests concerning coconuts. These cover research and development on dehusking and processing projects, economic studies for the establishment of new coconut‑based industries, and technological improvements for the manufacture of charcoal from coconut shell.
LOW COST TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COCONUT SMALLHOLDINGS DR. D. V. LIYANAGE
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 2 No 01 (1986): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v2i01.190

Abstract

The management practices recommended to increase coconut production in smallholdings are largely based on a seed‑fertilizer­agrocide technology. The goal is to maximise production. HigI yielding varieties that need high inputs and management lavel, have been introduced. Application of chemical fertilizers pesticides and weedicides are advocated. The smallholders with limited funds at their disposal and faced with other constraints are unable to purchase the inputs. Thus an inappropriate tech­nology is being passed on to them.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN COCONUT K.V.A. Bavappa
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 2 No 01 (1986): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v2i01.192

Abstract

In the context of the fast reducing land‑to‑man ratio in the tropics, cropping systems which can integrate a variety of highly productive plant species and animals with human beings will have to be developed. Coconut having many favourable attributes is ideally suited for homestead farming under diverse situations. Its response to good management particularly fertilizer applica­tion and irrigation is indeed very good. Yield increases of the or­der of 84% due to manuring and 216% due to manuring and irrigation have been obtained in the native West Coast Tall. In coconut hybrids not only Wgher yields have been realised but better utilisation efficiency of native and applied nutrients obser­ved, making them highly suited for improving the economic viability of small holdings. The potential that coconut offers for mixed cropping with a variety of crops, and mixed farming is very high. High density cropping in coconut plantations is also feasible. The cost benefit of some of the coconut based cropping systems have been presented, and the low productivity of coconut observed in majority of the coconut growing countries discussed keeping in view the remedial. measures that can be thought of for the existing maladies.
THE ECONOMICS OF COCONUT REPLANTING AND ASSOCIATED CROPPING (IN FIJI) Dr. PATRICK MUMA
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 2 No 01 (1986): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v2i01.193

Abstract

The importance of coconut stems primarily from its being an export crop. Coconut largely constitutes a crop of convenience in the basically agricultural, mainly subsistence, essentially rural-based economy of Fiji. It provides a basic dietary component and a source of cash income to meet social responsibilities, and employment opportunities in the various areas in which it is grown. Indeed, after sugar, coconut oil is Fiji's second most important agricultural export.
THE MICROCOMPUTER REVOLUTION AND THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF COCONUT FARMING SYSTEMS Dan M. Etherington
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 2 No 01 (1986): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v2i01.194

Abstract

Major developments, have taken place in computer technolo­gy in the last decade and the rate of change is increasing. Reduc­tions in the size and cost of microcomputers and the availability of vastly improved software can have, a beneficial impact on the speed with which agricultural research is analysed and its imphca­tions assessed. Examples of software of particular interest to agricultural economists dealing with coconut fanning systems are discussed in the paper.

Page 22 of 39 | Total Record : 390

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