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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 480 Documents
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Incidence of leaf rot disease in relation to root (wilt) in young coconut palms and fungi in lamina and petiole lesions N. Srinivasan
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 20 No 2 (2004): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v20i02.390

Abstract

Coconut leaf rot in association with root (wilt) is widespread in southern districts of Kerala, India. The disease complex has spread to northern districts of the state and also adjacent districts in Tamil Nadu. Where as the root (wilt) is a systemic infection (due to phytoplasma) the leaf rot is a foliar syndrome due to fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium spp.). Occurrence of leaf rot has been related to the incidence of root (wilt) and its appearance in young palms remained a matter of contention as to which disease precedes the other. Leaf rot lesions do occur on leaf petiole/mid-vein/mid-rib even as the disease lesions are known to be common on lamina (spindles). Investigations brought out that in majority of leaf rot affected young palms (2-5 years old) the flaccidity symptom of root (wilt) could be also discerned. In lesser number of affected palms, the other symptoms of root (wilt), yellowing and marginal necrosis, were also visible. As such, in 88.5% of leaf rot affected young palms one or the other symptom of root (wilt) has been recorded irrespective of season. C. gloeosporioides, E. rostratum and other fungi were found both in lamina and petiole lesions in different months. C. gloeosporioides was detected from petiole and lamina tissues in all the months, followed by E. rostratum, Fusarium spp. etc. C. gloeosporioides was isolated from these parts in more numbers and consistently during January-December. E. rostratum appeared erratically. Aggressiveness of C. gloeosporioides during months of wet season was confirmed. Fusarium spp. was isolated predominantly from these parts in dry months (January-May). Knowledge on occurrence of leaf rot in young palms in relation to root (wilt) and dynamics of leaf rot pathogens in leaf parts among months/seasons of year (in inoculums build-up, spread and dissemination) are important in the context of integrated management of root (wilt)-leaf rot complex.
Indicative nutrient supplying capacity and chemical properties of coir dust, coco husk and other coir dust-based materials Ma. Celia M. Raquepo; Carmelita D. Pabustan; Severino S. Magat Ph.D.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 20 No 2 (2004): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v20i02.391

Abstract

The variability of the nutrient contents and chemical properties of coir dust or coco peat derived from coconut husk in different locations was noted. Coir dust is a good supplementary source of N, P, K and Cl, including micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn). The coir dust acidity ranges from pH 5.2 - 7.0, and EC from 0.10-1.67 ms/cm based from: fresh (1 month), 3 – 5 months, and 1 year open-field piling (storage). Higher contents of nutrients K, Cl, and Fe of coir dust under coastal area was noted; but contents of N, P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Mn and Cu were found similar in coastal and inland areas. Under rainfall in open-field piling, Cl dropped to <0.25% at 3 – 5 months and <0.12% in a year’s time period. Moreover, a significant reduction of <0.30 and <0.15 EC (m/cm) in mentioned periods were indicated, respectively. Generally, as compared with other nut components, coco husk and the coir dust did not differ in nutrient contents and chemical properties. As composting material, either alone or in mixes, coco peat showed to be a supplementary source of P, K and Cl. NPK ratio was 2:1:2; and organic carbon content ranged from 6.34 - 12.07%
New data on a cultural control method against coconut lethal yellowing in Ghana R. Philippe; S. K. Dery; J. Nkansa Poku
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 20 No 2 (2004): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v20i02.392

Abstract

Lethal yellowing disease has been rife in West Africa, especially Ghana, since 1932. In the 1990s, the first operations to fell diseased coconut palms at an early stage showed that this substantially slowed down the spread of the disease. Trial conducted in 1995 showed that early felling of diseased coconut palms, even without prior treatment, considerably slowed down the spread of the disease. Replications of this action in several other plots kept them healthy for many years. These positive results made it possible to obtain funding from Agence française de Développement (AFD) to maintain a "sanitary cordon" in the far West of the Western Region of Ghana, near the Ivorian border, where there is a wide area of coconut palms.
Participatory technology transfer (PTT) – an innovative approach in root (wilt) affected coconut area P. Anithakumari; S. Manoj; S. Arulraj
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 20 No 2 (2004): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v20i02.393

Abstract

The awareness, knowledge, attitude and adoption of the root (wilt) management practices were found to be very low among the farmers of root (wilt) affected area. This disease affects the socio economic conditions due to the reduction in coconut yield. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kerala (India) has developed effective integrated management technology for improving the health and yield of disease affected palms. Due to the perennial nature, prevalence of the disease in the State for more than ten decades, attitude of the farming community and other social/economic constraints, the linear model of Transfer of Technology (TOT) could not create the desirable effect. Hence an innovative Participatory Technology Transfer (PTT) approach was implemented in severely root (wilt) affected district-Alappuzha during 1999-2003. The impact analysis indicated significant improvement in awareness (14 to 32.5), knowledge (19 to 59.5), attitude (22.5 to 36.5) and adoption (16 to 45.5) of practices as well as the scope for scaling up the TOT model in root (wilt) affected areas. The PTT enabled participation of major stakeholders in the TOT process. The categorization of the farmers indicated significant shift to the higher level of awareness from 63.00 to 92.00 %, higher level of knowledge from 14.00 to 74.50 % and higher adoption level from 27.50 to 57.00% after three years of PTT approach implementation.
Bud rot disease of coconut in relation to endemic spots in Kerala state, India ROHINI IYER, Rohini Iyer; A.R. Rasmi
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.394

Abstract

In India bud rot is quite common on the West and East Coast tracts. A random survey on bud rot disease of coconut, caused by Phytophthora palmivora But.l, carried out in Kasaragod, Kannur and Calicut districts of Kerala revealed that, there is correlation between the disease incidence and the location of the palms. The disease incidence was high in the hilly tracts when compared to that of the plains. Studies on the survival of P. palmivora propagules in nature revealed that the pathogen survives in the crown, soil and roots of healthy and diseased palms. However, the percentage of survival was high in the endemic areas-Mandapam (Kasaragod District), Josegiri (Kannur Dist.) and Kuttiadi (Kozhikode Dist.), both in the case of diseased and healthy palms compared to that of areas with lesser disease incidence. The temperature and humidity in the coconut growing tracts of hilly areas of Kasaragod, Kannur and Kozhikode districts are suitable for the survival of the pathogen in the crown during almost all months, resulting in the high frequency of disease incidence during monsoon season and continued infection up to January. Examination of the rain water collected from bud rot affected coconut gardens also indicated that the pathogen surviving in the crown debris can act as a source of inoculum, which spreads to the neighboring palms through rain splashes. Based on the weather data it is possible to predict the bud rot incidence well in advance.
Cryopreservation of mature coconut embryos by desiccation method Anitha Karun; K.K. Sajini; V.A. Parthasarathy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.395

Abstract

Mature embryos of West Coast Tall variety of coconut could be cryopreserved after desiccation pretreatments and retrieved into plantlets. The desiccation pretreatment and optimum duration for dehydration of zygotic embryos were standardized. The maximum retrieval of healthy plantlets was obtained from the embryos subjected to 18 hours silica gel or 24 hours laminar airflow desiccation pretreatment. Irreversible damage caused by desiccation to the death of the shoot meristem was noticed when the water content reduced to 20%.
DNA amplification fingerprinting in coconut: protocol optimization and analysis of resistance to root (wilt) disease K. Jayadev; M.K. Rajesh; K. Devakumar; Regi Jacob Thomas; R.V. Nair; V.A. Parthasarathy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.396

Abstract

Root (wilt) disease is a serious malady in coconut causing a loss of approximately 968 million nuts a year in India. Integrated management practices are the only suggested methods to reduce its effect to some extent, while the development of resistant varieties will offer a permanent solution for which concrete breeding efforts are required. Considering the long life cycle of coconut, selection of resistant varieties through conventional methods will be time consuming and laborious. Molecular markers offer numerous advantages over markers traditionally used in plant mapping and selective breeding. Here, we present the optimization of PCR conditions for DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) of coconut using arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. Three of the primers could detect variations between root (wilt) resistant and susceptible coconut palms. This study constitutes the basis for future efforts to tag the root (wilt) resistant gene(s) in coconut.
Microbiological properties of root zone of coconut grown in different soil series in Sri Lanka K.S.K.S. Fernando; N.A. Tennakoon; S. Widanapathirana
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.397

Abstract

In Sri Lanka, coconut is cultivated under diverse soil conditions of varying fertility status available in different agro-climatic zones. Although chemical and physical characteristics in some of these soils are known, their biological properties are yet to be studied. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the microbiological parameters in root zone of coconut grown in different soil series. For this study, 20 different soil series in coconut growing area were analyzed for number of total bacterial and fungal colonies, identification of bacteria and fungi, biomass C and N; CO2 evolution and nitrogen mineralization. The microbiological parameters varied with the soil series. The bacterial population densities were significantly (p=0.001) high in Ambakelle, Kalpitiya, Rathupasa and Madampe soil series while the fungal colonies were significantly (p=0.001) high in Thambarawa, Pallama, Wilatawa and Ambakelle soil series. Only Kalpitiya, Kuliyapitiya, Gambura soil series contained biomass C more than 200 mg/100 g of soils. Biomass N was the highest in Boralu soil series followed by Kalpitiya, Rathupasa and Gambura. Carbon diozide evolution was high in Kalpitiya, Katunayaka, Wariyapola soil series while N mineralization rate was high in Ambakelle, Weliketiya and Rathupasa soil series. Bacillus spp. were the dominant bacteria in all studied soil series. In addition, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas and Actinomycetes were also identified. Fungi such as Penicillium, Aspergillus and Curvularia were common in most of the soil series than other species.
Nutrition and fertilization management of embryo cultured Makapuno Tall (ECMAKT) seedlings M.B. Areza-Ubaldo; S.S. Magat; E.P. Rillo; M.I. Secretaria
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.398

Abstract

A two-year nursery study on ECMAKT coconut seedlings was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Albay Research Center, Guinobatan, Albay to know the effects of applying different rates of complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) and a foliar fertilizer on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient status of ECMAKT seedlings. The application of complete NPK fertilizer (14-14-14) at 6-9 g/seedling significantly produced taller seedlings with bigger girth size and more number of living fronds from 2 to 12 months from initial fertilization. The applied rates of complete fertilizer (6-9 g 14-14-14/seedling) on ECMAKT seedlings indicates that the levels of nutrient application (fertilization) is significantly much lower than that of the average rates used in growing ordinary seednuts (seedlings attached to unhusked nuts) in the nursery. The application of foliar fertilizer was ineffective even over the unfertilized ECMAKT seedlings. The better growth of ECMAKT seedlings in terms of their girth, plant height and total living fronds produced were significantly associated with higher levels of leaf K, Cl, and Mn, and lower leaf Na, but with likely adequate leaf P, Mg, S, B, Zn, Cu and Fe based from leaf number 3 (12 month old ECMAKT seedling). The study clearly indicates the necessity of applying inorganic fertilizer i.e. complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) at the moderate rates of 6-9 g/seedling during the nursery stage for proper nutrition and fertilization management to ensure healthy and good quality ECMAKT planting material.
On-farm evaluation of the coconut hybrid, Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Vanuatu Tall for tolerance to the lethal yellowing disease of coconut in Ghana S. K. Dery; J. Owusu-Nipah; E. Andoh-Mensah; B. N. Nuertey; J. Nkansah-Poku; R. Arthur; R. Philippe
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.399

Abstract

The performance of the coconut hybrid, Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Vanuatu Tall (MYD x VTT) was assessed in Ghana for a period of 6-8 years. The hybrid has previously been identified as being tolerant to the devastating lethal yellowing disease known in Ghana as Cape Saint Paul Wilt Disease (CSPWD). CSPWD is the most important coconut disease in Ghana. It has destroyed approximately 11,000 ha of coconut in Ghana, causing economic hardship to thousands of people. Mortality due to CSPWD during the trial period was only 1.0%. The hybrid showed remarkable tolerance to CSPWD during the 8-year trial period. Mortality, inflorescence emergence and nut load depended largely on the level of farmers’ commitment to basic management practices. In well maintained farms, the hybrid performed two to three times better compared to farms where maintenance was poor.

Page 20 of 48 | Total Record : 480

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