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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 480 Documents
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A Study on Acid Hydrolysis and Composition of Polysaccharides Concentrated from Coconut Kernel Yalegama, Loku Liyana Waduge Chandi; Karunaratne, Desiree Nedra; Sivakanesan, Ramaiah
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 38 (2022): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v38i.436

Abstract

Defatted dehydrated coconut kernel powder (DDCP) is the by-product obtained from virgin coconut oil production through dry process. The aim of the study was to concentrate polysaccharides from DDCP and to investigate their acid hydrolysis capacity and the monosaccharides composition. Residual fat, protein and soluble sugars of DDCP were removed to concentrate coconut kernel Insoluble polysaccharides (CKIP) while water extract of DDCP was used to concentrate coconut kernel soluble polysaccharides (CKSP). Neutral detergent solution (NDS) was used to concentrate neutral detergent soluble polysaccharides (NDSP) and neutral detergent insoluble polysaccharides (NDIP) from CKIP. The acid detergent solution (ADS) was used to concentrate acid detergent soluble polysaccharides (ADSP) and acid detergent insoluble polysaccharides (ADIP) from CKIP. Results indicated fresh coconut kernel contained 7.2±1.5% carbohydrates and the content increased to 78.1±1.3% with the removal of residual fat, protein and sugars. The yields of the polysaccharide fractions were 46.0±3.1% (CKIP) and 9.2± 0.1% (CKSP), 10.2±0.3% (NDSP) and 78.3±4.2% (NDIP), 25.1±0.3% (ADSP) and 45.2±2.9% (ADIP). Trifluoracetic acid had a higher hydrolyzing capacity than sulphuric acid except for hydrolyzing of ADIP. The monosaccharides composition of the polysaccharides was significantly different (p<0.05) among the polysaccharide concentrates. The main monosaccharides in NDSP were glucose (73.86%) and xylose (19.7%) and, in ADSP were rhamnose (33.45%) and glucose (46.91%). Rhamnose (29.95%) arabinose (26.38%), xylose (21.56%) and mannose (12.87%) were present in CKSP while mannose (68.46%), galactose (20.59%) and xylose (10.59%) were present in CKIP. Results indicated that soluble polysaccharides of coconut kernel were hydrolyzed into monosaccharides readily compared to the insoluble polysaccharides.
Evaluation of Staple Foods Supplemented with Defatted Coconut Testa Flour Fareed, Rushdah; Ulpathakumbura, Savani; Yalegama, Chandi; Hewapathirana, Dilani; Marikkar, Nazrim
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 38 (2022): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v38i.443

Abstract

Coconut testa is an important byproduct of coconut processing. In this study, the acceptability of staple foods incorporated with defatted coconut testa flour (CTF) was investigated. Foods supplemented with CTF will be ideal as a functional food for diabetes. Formulations of string hoppers incorporated with CTF were done by mixing white rice flour (RF) with CTF in four different ratios; F1 (RF: CTF=70:30), F2 (RF: CTF=75:25), F3 (RF: CTF=80:20) and F4 (RF: CTF=85:15). Likewise, formulation of flat-bread rotti were prepared by mixing wheat flour (WF) with CTF in four different ratios; P1 (WF: CTF=60:40), P2 (WF: CTF=70:30), P3 (WF: CTF=80:20) and P4 (WF: CTF=90:10). Acceptability of the formulations was determined using Friedman test and preference ranking test. According to sensory evaluation, the highest score of overall acceptability and other sensory attributes were observed for composite flour mixtures incorporated with 25% of CTF in rice flour for string hoppers (idiyappa) and 20% of CTF in wheat flour for flat- bread (rotti). The proximate analysis of the finished products namely, string hopper (idiyappa) and flat-bread (rotti) showed better nutritional properties with regard to protein, dietary fiber, fat and mineral content than respective composite flour mixtures used in their preparation. Furthermore, IF and string hopper (idiyappa) samples showed increased nutritional compositions in terms of dietary fiber, mineral content when compared to RF and flat-bread rotti samples. In conclusion, the quality attributes and dietary fibre content of the two formulated products indicated their potential use as anti-diabetic foods.
Physicochemical and Rheology Properties of Ice Cream Prepared from Sunflower Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil Trivana, Linda; Suyatma, Nugraha Edhi; Huunaefi, Dase; Munarso, S. Joni; Pradhana, Adhitya Yudha; Rindengan, Barlina
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 39 (2023): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v39i.452

Abstract

In the last decade, increasing trends towards the consumption of healthier foods have forced processors of high-fat products (ice cream) to shift their formulations to higher proportions of unsaturated or “healthier” fats. Vegetable oils such as sunflower oil and VCO can be used as a substitute for milk fat, milk solids not fat (skim milk powder), sweeteners, stabilizers and emulsifiers, and mineral water in making ice cream. A study was carried out to determine the effects of the use of the ratio of sunflower oil: virgin coconut oil with palm fruit as a stabilizer in the production of ice cream on physicochemical properties (pH, proximate, overrun, viscosity, and melting rate). The use of palm fruit is based on the content of galactomannan in palm fruit. Premium ice cream with five different ratios of SO and VCO (15:0), (10:5), (7.5:7.5), (5:10), (15:0). The ice cream production involves mixing, pasteurization, homogenization, aging, and freezing. The physicochemical result shows ice cream sample with a ratio SO:VCO (5:10) obtained good physical properties, the lowest first-time drop/ shape retention, and a low melting rate compared to the others. The rheological behavior of ice cream is the non-Newtonian fluids with a pseudoplastic behavior. The apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate.
Collection methods to preserve nutritive and physicochemical properties of unfermented coconut (Cocos nucifera) sap Pathirana, Dilani Thilanka Hewa; Wijesekara, Isuru; Yalegama, L. L. W. C.; Jayasinghe, M. A.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 39 (2023): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v39i.456

Abstract

Quality evaluation of unfermented coconut (Cocosnucifera) sap was done using two sap collection methods of application of Hal bark (Vateria acuminate) to the clay pots of 4L (TM) and novel sap collection method (NSCM), during 12 hours (from 6pm to 6 am). The novel sap collecting device is a recent innovation by Coconut Research Institute(CRI) – Sri Lanka. Twelve tapped coconut palms (Dwraft variety, 45 years old) were used and filtered sap was stored (-18oC). Volume, pH, total soluble solids, alcohol content, total acidity, color, sugar profile, total phenols, EC50, Ascorbic acid content and mineral in two types of unfermented coconut sap samples were determined. The results revealed that coconut sap collected from NSCM has significantly high pH (5.99), moisture (83.20%), sucrose (13.71%), total sugar (19.99%) compared to the collected sap from TM. In contrast, the sap of TM method were significantly rich with total phenolic (65.90 mgGAE/100ml), EC50 (143.03 mg/ml), AEAC (0.2568 mg Vit C in 1g sample), browning index (6.76) and yellowing index (15.92). Moreover, Ca (39.3mg/L), Fe (3.08mg/L), Mn (0.96mg/L), Sr (0.14mg/L) Ba (0.33mg/L) were significantly high in TM. Hence, the novel sap collection method can be concluded as the best approach for collecting quality unfermented coconut sap with its natural quality.
Evaluation of biomass production of CO-3 fodder grass under coconut and its effect on nut yield of intermediate zone coconut plantations in Sri Lanka Senarathne, S.H.S.; Raveendra, S. A. S. T.; Udumann, S. S.; Kumara, M. A. N. A.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 39 (2023): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v39i.449

Abstract

Six CO-3 fodder grass planting systems under coconut palms were evaluated for six years concerning biomass production and coconut yield. This study was carried out at Potthukulama (PRS) Research Station of the Coconut Research Institute, in the Low Country Dry Zone of the Northwestern province of Sri Lanka, where the soil series is Ambakele. According to the experiment results, the highest CO-3 biomass was produced when five CO-3 rows were planted between coconut rows and harvested in 30 days lopping interval. There was no significant effect of CO-3 planting densities and lopping intervals on the yield of coconut.
Genetic Relationships of Indigenous King Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Populations as Determined by SSR Markers Meegahakumbura, Muditha Kasun; Indrachapa, M. T. N.; Baddegama, T. S.; Hettiarachchi, M. M.; Dissanayaka, H. D. M. A. C.; Samarasinghe, C. R. K.; Weerasinghe, P. R.; Dasanayake, P. N.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 39 (2023): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v39i.469

Abstract

King Coconut (KC) is an indigenous and highly valuable germplasm resource in Sri Lanka. Yet, KC populations' genetic diversity, relationships, and conservation strategies are not fully understood. Indigenous old KC populations have been dispersed across a few ancient villages in Sri Lanka. Five geographically dispersed locations were selected in Sri Lanka, and 20 KC individuals from each location were collected for the current study. Six randomly selected samples from every geographical location, together with the standard two Sri Lanka Red Dwarf and two Sri Lanka Tall varieties were initially genotyped using 21 SSR markers for polymorphism. Based on the results, ten polymorphic SSR markers were selected and used for genotyping. Power Marker, STRUCTURE, and GenAlex software were used for the SSR genetic analysis. Results revealed 0.62 mean Gene Diversity (Hs), 4.2 mean allele number, and 0.55 polymorphic information content (PIC). Clear differentiation of populations was observed with the STRUCTURE and UPGMA dendrogram. Single branching in the UPGMA dendrogram for Anuradhapura and Marandawila KC populations revealed high genetic uniformity over multi-branched Kadugannawa and Colambageara populations. According to AMOVA, 64% of the genetic variation has been partitioned among populations, indicating moderate population differentiation. Detail analysis, including a higher number of KC populations and systematic molecular analysis using more SSRs/SNPs needed in the future before implementing conservation and utilization strategies.
Per se performance of elite coconut genotypes and hybrids for economic quality traits and oil yield Subramanyam, Praneetha; R, Sudha; S, Nivitha; R, Suriya; R, Mahalakshmi
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 39 (2023): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v39i.470

Abstract

The present study was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar Tamil Nadu state of India. The experimental trees comprised of five tall coconut genotypes viz., IC 610370, IC 610371, IC 610372, IC 610374 and IC 610379 West Coast Tall (Check), and the hybrids viz., Chowghat Orange Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (COD x ALR1), Chowghat Orange Dwarf x West Coast Tall (COD x WCT), Aliyar 1 x Malayan Green Dwarf (ALR1 x MGD), Malayan Green Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (MGD x ALR), Kenthali Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (KTD x ALR1) and Veppankulam Hybrid Coconut VHC 2 (Check hybrid - released from Veppankulam Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India). Coconut palms of uniform size were taken from the chosen genotypes and hybrids for recording the observation. All the coconut genotypes and hybrids showed variation in yield, nut characters, and quality traits. The results of the present study revealed that the genotype IC 610370 and the hybrid COD x WCT recorded maximum values for all the recorded traits. This was followed by the genotype IC 610371 and the hybrid COD x ALR1.
Partial Characterization of Polysaccharides Isolated from Defatted Desiccated Coconut Kernel Yalegama, Loku Liyana Waduge Chandi; Karunaratne, Desiree Nedra; Sivakanesan, Ramaiah
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 39 (2023): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v39i.471

Abstract

Industrial processing of coconut oil generates considerable biomass of dehydrated defatted coconut kernel (DDCK) which is composed of food-grade fiber. The objective of this study was to separate and isolate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in defatted coconut kernel, and to determine the partial structure using sugar profile. Coconut cell wall polysaccharides (CCWP) obtained from DDCK were used to sequentially extract pectin (with 5% ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid), HCI (with 4% NaOH), HCII (with 10% NaOH), HCIII (with 17.5% NaOH) and the remaining fraction as non-extractible matter referred as NaOH non-extractive. Results indicated that CCWP composed of 19% pectin, 29.6% HCI, 12% HCII, no detectable HCIII and NaOH non-extractive of 15%. The sugar profile of pectin, was 6.14% rhamnose, 3.31% arabinose, 61.72% mannose and 18.71% galactose. HCI composed of rhamnose 13.29%, arabinose 4.49%, xylose 22.84%, mannose 50.98%, galactose 5.9% and glucose 3.39%. HCII contained rhamnose 37.12%, arabinose 3.35%, Mannose 27.15% and galactose 5.76%, while NaOH non-extractive contained rhamnose 22.5%, mannose 23.95%, galactose 16.35% and glucose 37.05%. Partial hydrolysis followed by concentration with Sephadex G15 size exclusion chromatography was able to separate oligosaccharide having rhamnose 15.3%, mannose 52.5% and galactose 32.2% from pectin while xylose 0.6%, mannose 95.6%, galactose 1.1% and glucose 2.7% from HCII. Results indicated the presence of rhamnogalactomannan and xylogalactoglucomanan in coconut kernel.
Development of Coconut Palm Wood Seasoning Schedules Mukundan, Gayathri; Anoop, E. V.; Chathoth, Anish Mavila; Shibu, Comath
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 40 (2024): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v40i.451

Abstract

Coconut palm is a versatile and commercially important palm in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. This study attempts to standardise moisture content-based kiln seasoning schedules for high-density and medium-densitycoconut palm wood and also understand relationship between Pilodyn Penetration Depth (PPD) and basic density for three density classes (high, medium and low). Quick drying test was conducted to study the degree and type of drying defects viz., surface cracking, end splitting, honeycombing and deformation. Defects were graded according to the Terasawa (1965) scale. The baseline parameters such as initial dry bulb temperature, final dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb depression for high and medium-density coconut palm wood were chosen by considering the major seasoning defects. The samples were subjected to different seasoning schedule treatments in a convection kiln to determine the best treatment based on grading of defects. The ideal drying period obtained for high-density coconut palm wood was 11 days, whereas for medium-density coconut palm wood it was 12 days. The schedule developed has good potential for industrial application in seasoning of coconut palm wood lumber with reduced defects in coconut growing regions of the world. Keywords: Coconut palm wood, seasoning schedule, kiln drying, Terasawa scale
Detection of the Phytoplasma Associated with Lethal Yellowing-Type Syndrome of Coconut in Ghana in Three Weed Species Yankey, Egya Ndede; Owusu-Bremang, Felix; Andoh-Mensah, Sebastian; Dickinson, Matthew
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 40 (2024): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v40i.460

Abstract

The lethal yellowing-type syndrome of coconut in Ghana, locally called Cape St. Paul wilt disease (CSPWD) is considered as the foremost threat to the survival of the coconut industry in the country. The syndrome is associated with a phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrXXII-B subgroup. In Ghana, no alternative hosts of the phytoplasma have been identified. To identify alternative hosts of the phytoplasma associated with CSPWD, 21 plant species belonging to 16 plant families were sampled from within and around the vicinity of 10 CSPWD affected farms in the Western, Central and Volta Regions of Ghana. Nested PCR and sequencing using assays based on the 16SrRNA gene were used to detect the CSPWD associated phytoplasma in the plant species, Laportea aestuans, Starchtarpheta indica and Pentodon pentandrus. Removal ofthese non-coconut plant species will be incorporated into existing management strategies for CSPWD in Ghana. The plants will be further investigated for their role in the epidemiological cycle of the disease.

Page 38 of 48 | Total Record : 480

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