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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 480 Documents
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Association of fungi with dead Nzinga palmivora Wilson (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in coconut plots in Ghana R. N. Quaicoe; G. K. Yawson
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2006): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v22i2.555

Abstract

Nzinga palmivora is one of the putative vectors of the Cape St. Paul Wilt Disease of coconut in Ghana. During a study to determine the seasonal population dynamics of the insect on coconut palms in the field, many of the insects were found dead and covered with fungal mycelia at one location. To investigate the role of the colonizing fungi in the death of the insects, two treatments of crude inocula, prepared from dead insects ground in sterile distilled water, were used to treat live insects in fyltis sleeve cages built around leaflets of coconut fronds. Insects treated with sterile distilled water (sdH2O) alone, served as the control. The insects treated with the crude inocula showed higher mortality compared with the control (p
Role of fungi in fruit rot and immature nut fall of coconut S. Venugopal; R. Chandra Mohanan
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2006): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v22i2.556

Abstract

The incidence of fruit rot and immature nut fall is on the increase in southern districts of Kerala state, India, ever since the intensity of eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) infestation increased in this part of the country. Hence, nut samples were collected from 8 southern districts of Kerala state and studies were undertaken to find out the role of fungi in fruit rot of mite infested coconut. Out of 577 samples of coconuts at various stages of development, button to mature nuts, collected from different locations, 445 samples yielded fungi. Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat., a wound pathogen was found to be the major fungus causing fruit rot and immature nut fall in coconut. The fungus enters the tissue through wounds caused by eriophyid mite in the soft tissue beneath perianth. When nearly mature /mature nuts were infected the infection spread internally into mesocarp without any external lesion or with a minute lesion on the husk surface. Infection in mature nuts continued to spread internally during storage causing rotting of kernel. Phytopthora fruit rot was observed only in Idukki district with high rain fall and humidity. Fruit rot caused by L. theobromae was found in all 8 southern districts of Kerala throughout the year. Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Fusarium sp. were also isolated from the lesions on few samples of tender nuts. But, at present they were only minor pathogens associated with rotting of young nuts.
An effective population size for reliable map resolution of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) C. K. Bandaranayake
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2006): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v22i2.557

Abstract

Size of the mapping population is a critical landmark in producing a genome map of any crop. In coconut there is difficulty in producing a reasonably large mapping population within a specified period of time. Therefore revealing an effective population size for standard map resolution of coconut is needed. It is found that the size of a segregating population with 400 individuals is efficient for consistent map resolution of coconut.
Recovery pattern of cyclone-affected coconut palms in littoral sandy soils of Orissa-Part I G. C. Acharya; D. P. Ray; D. K. Dash
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2006): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v22i2.558

Abstract

The experiment to study the recovery pattern of cyclone affected coconut palms cv. Sakhigopal Local was carried out in an ongoing fertilizer trial with three levels each of N (500, 1000 and 1500 g N/palm/year), P (250, 500 and 750 g P2O5/palm/year) and K (750, 1250 and 1750 g of K2O/palm/year) at Coconut Research Station, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. The rate of leaf production and number of functional leaves on the crown increased appreciably with nitrogen fertilization at 1000 g per palm per year as compared to 500 g per palm during early years of damage in all the three categories. The different levels of phosphorus fertilization did not influence the recovery of growth characters favourably.
Impact of the coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) on the coconut industry in Sri Lanka I. R. Wickramananda; T. S. G. Peiris; M. T. Neil Fernando; L. C. P. Fernando; S. Edgington
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 1 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i1.559

Abstract

The coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) was first reported in Sri Lanka in 1997. Since then it has been a serious threat to the coconut industry. Feeding of coconut mites beneath the perianth of developing nuts result in scarring of the nut surface. In severe infestations, reduced nut size and nut malformation can also occur. A survey was carried out during 2003/2004 in five mite infested zones (MIZ) of Sri Lanka to assess the impact of coconut mite on various sectors of the coconut industry. The percentage of damaged nuts due to coconut mite was significantly different between the MIZ. There were also variations relative to nut size and shape. Irrespective of spatial and temporal variability, nut loss per mite infested palm was estimated to be 15.9% per annum. A 2-3% slowing down in the growth of annual national coconut production was projected due to coconut mite infestation. The loss to the coconut grower, selling at the rate of SLR 15/nut, was estimated to be Sri Lankan Rupee (SLR) 6240/ha (57.25 US$/ha) if the estate was mite infested. The de-husked weight and fresh husk weight of a coconut nut were also significantly different in relation to the mite damage and nut size and shape. From a randomly selected 10,000 nuts, the reduction of fresh husk weight was approximately 15% as a result of mite infestation, together with a loss of around 195 kg of desiccated coconut. All of the impact indicators varied significantly both spatially and temporally.
Genetic diversity analysis of coconut eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) population based on inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers J. Sathiya Prakash; K. Ramaraju; P. Meenakshisundaram; M. Maheswaran
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 1 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i1.560

Abstract

DNA markers have been employed on several insect species to estimate the genetic diversity across their populations. In the present study, an attempt was made to survey the extent of diversity among the coconut eriophyid mite [Aceria guerreronis Keifer Eriophyidae: Acari] populations collected from various ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 13 samples of eriophyid mite were analyzed by using 5 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. The number of scorable markers produced by an individual primer ranged from 3-20 with an average of 10.6 markers per primer. Out of 53 markers generated with 5 ISSR primers, 11 were polymorphic across the 13 mite samples with an overall polymorphism of 20.75%. The lowest and the highest level of polymorphism were observed with primers viz. ISSR02 (30.76%) and ISSR01 (100%), respectively. The data matrix obtained for the presence or absence of markers across the 13 mite populations was analyzed to estimate the genetic distance between each sample. The analysis indicated that the mite populations collected from different locations are almost similar, genetically.
Preliminary investigation of poor nut yield performance of Sri Lanka Green Dwarf in the coconut belt of South - Western Ghana E. Andoh-Mensah; R. Philippe; J. Owusu-Nipah
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 1 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i1.561

Abstract

A lethal yellowing disease known locally as Cape Saint Paul Wilt Disease (CSPWD) has brought the coconut industry in Ghana under a serious threat due to its devastating effect. The Sri Lanka Green Dwarf (SGD) is so far the only coconut ecotype identified to have shown least susceptibility to the disease. However, in the coconut belt of South - Western Ghana, where the SGD is mainly found, this coconut ecotype has a general problem of low nut yield and wide variability in nut load. A phenomenon that does not auger well for any hybridization programme involving the ecotype. Consequently, between August 2003 and March 2004 an investigation was carried out into the problem of low yield and large variability of nut load in the SGD. Soil and leaf samples were taken from SGD plots in South - Western Ghana and analysed. Nut count was carried out to estimate annual nut load per tree. Pest survey and identification were also done. Results indicated nutritional/soil factors especially K deficiency or pest damage particularly due to Pseudoptheraptus devastans (coconut bug) or a combination of the two as being largely responsible for the low yield and wide variability in nut load. Oecophylla longinoda (red ant) was confirmed as the natural enemy of the coconut bug during the study.
Coconut productivity and profitability of two important Philippine PCA hybrids: A critical review Severino S. Magat; Liberty H. Canja; Susan M. Rivera
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 1 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i1.562

Abstract

To generate indicative information and knowledge on productivity and production economics in growing coconuts, two known hybrids of coconuts in the country are considered in this review. These are: Catigan dwarf x LAGT (PCA 15-1) hybrid; and Malayan red dwarf x BAYT (PCA 15-3) hybrid, tested earlier at the genetic and performance blocks of Zamboanga Research Center of Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA-ZRC), an intermediate growing zone of coconut, coastal-flat area of Western Mindanao. Relevant data from field establishment, maintenance and yields of palms for first 15 years from field-planting (FP) are used in this ex-ante enterprise budgeting and net present value or NPV analyses, considered as practical tools for decision-making in coconut farming and agribusiness. Depending on the planting material used and farm gate copra price levels (Php 10–24/kg), initial harvest year (4 – 5 years), average annual nut and copra yields at early full-bearing and full-bearing stages, the following profitability indices all differed between the two hybrids: annual gross returns and net returns, net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio or BCR, and internal rate of return (IRR %). At mature full-bearing stage, annual yields ranged 2.5 – 4.3 tons copra/ha (135 trees). Using a copra price level of Php 16/kg: the average annual net returns at full bearing stage (10-`15 years) reached PhP23,900 – 44,100 (PCA 15-1) and PhP18,500 – 72,200 (PCA 15-3) and NPV (18% interest) at PhP 20-24/kg copra of PhP 26,340 – 41,641(PCA 15-1) and PhP34,288 - 58,304 (PCA 15-3); and BCR of 1.24 and 1.48 and 1.40 – 1.68, for PCA 15-1 and PCA 15-3, respectively. Overall, varietal productivity, long-term sustainability and profitability or economic indices indicate that the logical selection option identified follows: PCA 15-3 > PCA 15-1. (PhP 48.70 = US$1). Implications on coconut planting/replanting, palm productivity and profitability as influenced by the different planting materials are discussed with respect to policies in coconut industry development.
Assessment of the stability of virgin coconut oil during deep-frying J. M. N. Marikkar; J. M. M. A. Jayasundara; S. A. H. Prasadika; C. V. L. Jayasinghe; G. A. S. Premakumara
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 1 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i1.563

Abstract

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a unique product out of coconut. Since there is a growing market for VCO in the international trade, information on the frying stability would be useful for producers, traders and end-users. A study was conducted to compare the frying stability of VCO with those of ordinary coconut oil (CNO) and refined corn oil (CO). Each oil sample was placed separately in an electrically operated open fat fryer and heated at 180°C for a period of 8 h. During frying, samples were withdrawn from the fryer at specified time intervals to monitor the changes in free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), total polar compound (TPC) and anisidine value (AnV) using standard test methods. Experimental results showed that there was a tendency for the increase of FFA, PV, TPC, and AnV of all three oils. However, the values of these parameters corresponding to VCO were found to be lowest through out the 8 h frying operation. Since TPC is used as a reference parameter to determine the rejection point of frying oils, prediction models were developed for TPC using simple regression analysis. Based on the prediction models, the rejection points of VCO, CNO, and CO were found to be 13.45, 10.95, and 10.25, respectively.
Essential quality parameters of commercial Virgin Coconut Oil Fabian M. Dayrit; Olivia Erin M. Buenafe; Edward T. Chainani; Ian Mitchelle S. de Vera; Ian Ken D. Dimzon; Estrella G. Gonzales; Jaclyn Elizabeth R. Santos
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 1 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v23i1.564

Abstract

Chemical analyses conducted on commercial samples of virgin coconut oil (VCO) produced by four different methods gave the following ranges of values: % Fatty acid composition: C6: 0.24 to 0.49%; C8: 4.15 to 8.30%; C10: 4.27 to 5.75%; C12: 46.0 to 52.6%; C14: 16.0 to 19.7%; C16: 7.65 to 10.1%; C18: 2.86 to 4.63%; C18:1: 5.93 to 8.53%; C18:2: 1.00 to 2.16%; % moisture by Karl Fischer: 0.05 to 0.12%; % matter volatile at 120°C: 0.12 to 0.18%; %free fatty acids as lauric acid: 0.042 to 0.329%; and peroxide value: none detected to 1.40. The tests for % moisture by Karl Fischer and % matter volatile at 120°C can be used to differentiate VCO from and refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (RBD CNO). No trans-fatty acid was detected in both VCO and RBD CNO down to 0.01% (w/w) detection limit.

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