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Published by International Coconut Community

ISSN : 02151162 EISSN : 27218856 DOI : 10.37833/cord

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science

Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 387 Documents

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Screening Coconut Cultivars for Tolerance to Infestation by the Coconut Mite, Aceria guerreronis (Keifer) in Sri Lanka Perera, Lalith; Sarathchandra, S. R.; Wickramananda, I. R.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 29 No 1 (2013): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer) is a tiny pest which severely damages the nuts of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus). At present there is no appropriate control method for this pest in Sri Lanka. Field observations have revealed difference in the severity of A. guerreronis mite infestation among selected and improved coconut cultivars in Sri Lanka. This difference has not been studied in depth and therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the levels of tolerance in selected and improved coconut cultivars and, if differences were demonstrated, to understand the mechanism behind the tolerance. A replicated trial in Thammenna Estate (TE) in Puttalam district in Sri Lanka, where the mite infestation was natural and severe, was selected for this study. The trial was planted in 1983 and consisted of two improved coconut cultivars; Sri Lanka Yellow Dwarf x Sri Lanka Tall (YDT) and Sri Lanka Green Dwarf x Sri Lanka Tall (GDT) and the selected Sri Lanka Tall cultivar (TT) which has, green (TTG) and russet coloured (TTR) forms. Population assessment of mites on immature nuts, damage initiation of the fourth bunch and harvest records were obtained. Further, characters that were thought to influence tolerance, such as nut shape as measured by ratio of length to breadth, the tightness of perianth to the nut surface and some changes in the affected tissues were also recorded. Yield data were collected for each cultivar to estimate the crop loss due to coconut mite damage. The results revealed that out of the cultivars tested in this trial, YDT had the lowest incidence of mite colonization and the smallest mite population size and symptom initiation compared to others. The distance between the perianth and nut surface, the least in YDT, is suggested as the most probable morphological feature that would impart tolerance to mite infestation.

Integrated Management of Major Coconut Pests Using Pheromone Lures Bhanu, K. R. M.; Jayanth, K. P.; Mathew, M. Thomas; Prabhakara, M. S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 2 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabidae) and Black headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) are the three among major insect pests of coconut in India. Grubs of Red palm weevil (RPW) enter and complete their life cycle within the stem, killing the tree, adults of Rhinoceros beetle (RB) feed on the growing point of the tree and cause yield loss and the larvae of black headed caterpillar scrape and feed on the green part of the coconut leaflets leading to burnt symptoms of the fronds, death of young trees and yield loss. Aggregation pheromones of RPW and RB are used for monitoring and mass trapping of RPW and RB to manage the pest under economic threshold level. During 2006-07 large scale field trials for RPW and RB were carried out in four different states in India by PCI under a partially funded Coconut Development Board (CDB) project using indigenously synthesized pheromone lures. It was demonstrated that the pheromone lures predominantly attracted virgin and gravid females of RPW and RB. Female sex pheromone of black headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella was also identified and developed in India by PCI, under a project partially funded by CDB; dispensers, dosage and traps were standardized under field conditions and further trials were also conducted in India. It was also established that pheromone lures can be used as a monitoring and a surveillance tool for understanding the pest status before the release parasitoids and natural enemies.

Diversification for Livelihood Security: Experiences from Major Coconut Growing Countries Kalavathi, S.; Manohar, Erlene; Naka, Peeyanot; Long, Vo Van; Krishnakumar, V.; Thomas, R. J.; Thomas, George V.; George, Maria Luz
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 2 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

This paper presents the success of community based organizations in achieving sustainability in marginal coconut holdings through diversification of crops and enterprises along with conservation of local varieties. The project was implemented in 19 communities of 10 coconut growing countries and findings from four major coconut growing countries, which had significant project outcome - India, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam - are discussed in the present paper. All the four major coconut growing countries recorded a significant difference in total household income over the project period. Among the four countries, India and Philippines had a significant difference in mean income derived from intercrops, India and Thailand for livestock integration and India and Vietnam for off-farm activities. Herfindahl index for indicating economic diversity of households revealed a significant diversification of income for India as well as the overall data for the four countries. A higher level of education and more available land also positively influenced total income. In general, improvements in income were better with bigger-sized farms and households, with male household heads. The overall data revealed significant improvement in food and nutritional security with clearest impacts in India and Philippines due to project efforts. Participation of women in trainings and interventions was the highest in India, followed by Thailand.

Improving Income from Coconut Cultivation through Farm Level Value Addition – An Analysis Anithakumari, P.; Rajeev, M. S.; George, Jissy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 2 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coconut cultivation in India is mostly in small and marginal land holdings. Farm level coconut processing for value addition is one of the options for risk reduction and improving the income from such holdings. This study was conducted during 2009-10 with the objectives of analyzing the profile of farm level processors as well as the constraints faced by those who have adopted minimal processing at the farm-household and community levels. It was found that 63.3% of the respondents were of middle age group, literate, low income group and 80% of them were women. The experience in coconut value addition was for 8 years or less. Further, the entrepreneurship behavior of the respondents was found to be positively and significantly correlated with the credit availed, annual income and investment made. The analysis on the utility of the training programmes indicated need for reorientation of training curricula in terms of project preparation techniques, communication/marketing skills etc. The value addition obtained per nut was found to vary from Rs.0.5 to Rs.15 depending on the products. The constraints and suggestions for improving farm level value addition were also furnished as perceived by the respondent farmers. The study showed that there is tremendous potential for farm level value addition for utilizing the marketable surplus of coconut locally. The importance of providing further technical support to those involved in value addition was also revealed by the study.

Productivity and Profitability of Abaca Varieties/Hybrids (Musa textiles Nee) Under Mature Tall Coconuts in Davao City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines Secretaria, M. I.; Eroy, M. N.; Macarayan, O. B.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 2 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Two abaca varieties; Tangongon and Maguindanao, and two hybrids; Magino and Bongtang were grown under mature Laguna Tall coconuts spaced 9x9 m triangular in Bago Oshiro, Davao City from 2006-2010. The growth, yield and economic performance of these varieties/hybrids were evaluated to identify varieties/hybrids suitable as coconut intercrop and to show its suitability as coconut+abaca intercropping. Magino, a cross between Maguindanao and Inosa, was the consistent highest yielder. It had good yield attributes like good suckering ability, taller and bigger plants contributing to high fiber yields and high economic returns i.e. NPV and BCR. Maguindanao variety and Bongtang hybrid had comparable performance with Magino hybrid. Tangongon variety is the consistent lowest yielder with yield and yield attributes inferior to the rest of the plants tested affecting its profitability. Crop Fertilizer Use Efficiency (CFE) using fiber yield as an index revealed that top yielding entries are more efficient in converting fertilizer inputs into economic yield as reflected by their high CFEs. Abaca is a highly suitable intercrop for coconut and coconut areas could be used as expansion areas for growing the crop. Profitability of abaca farming under coconut is influenced by the variety used. Some drawbacks in abaca farming and good practices are discussed.

Study on Fatty Acid Composition and Amino Acid Content of Coconut Endosperm of Selected Coconut Cultivars in Thailand Twishsri, Wilaiwan; Runheem, Parinda; Usathit, Seree; Watanayothin, Somchai; Naka, Peyanoot
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 2 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The nutritive values of tropical fruits like coconut are of interest to consumers and useful for the breeding program. The two experiments were carried out in Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The first experiment aimed to determine the essential and non-essential amino acid content of liquid and solid endosperm of potential market varieties of coconut such as young tender nut of Aromatic Green Dwarf (Nam Hom) and mature nut of hybrid Nam Hom x Kathi (NHK). Among the 18 kinds of amino acids, the significant differences were found on Aspatic acid, Cystine, Serine, Isoleucine, and Phenylalanine content while highly significant differences were found on Histidine and Methionine content. The second experiment aimed to determine the fatty acid composition of virgin coconut oil of 20 coconut accessions from the coconut field gene bank of Thailand at Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre. The result showed that there were significant differences on the eight fatty acid compositions. Among the eight fatty acids, lauric acid is the most noted one by consumers and it was found that lauric acid content in virgin coconut oil (VCO) was excellent (lauric acid > 48.8%) and the mean of lauric aicd content among the eight varieties had no significant difference at 5% level by DMRT. These varieties include including Renell Tall, Chumphon Hybrid No. 2, Malayan Yellow Dwarf, Sawi Hybrid No.1 (MAWA), Hybrid Chumphon 60, Thai Red Dwarf, Sri Lanka Tall, and Hybrid Nam Hom x Kathi (NHK) with the lauric acid content at 51.0, 50.1, 49.3, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 48.9, and 48.8%, respectively. These varieties, therefore, were suitable for VCO processing since they have high lauric content.

In Vitro Characterization of Indigenous Coconut Varieties (Cocos nucifera L.) of Sri Lanka for Water Stress Tolerance Fernando, S. C.; Santha, E. S.; Perera, S. A. C. N.; Dissanayake, H. D. M. A. C.; Meegahakumbura, M. G. M. K.; Perera, Lalith
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 2 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coconuts show a remarkable yield drop due to long dry periods caused by global climatic changes. Thus, breeding for drought tolerance has become a priority in coconut breeding in Sri Lanka. Five coconut varieties indigenous to Sri Lanka, namely Ran thembili, Gon thembili, Porapol, Bodiri and Red dwarf were screened for their drought tolerance potential in vitro. Mature zygotic embryos collected from self pollinated nuts of each variety were germinated and developed into plants with one photosynthetic leaf in Y3 medium. Water stress condition was induced by application of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) into the culture medium. The level of PEG in culture medium was gradually increased from 2% to 7% until the plants showed water stress symptoms in leaves; yellowing and necrosis. More than 75% of zygotic embryos of all tested coconut varieties successfully germinated in vitro and developed into plants. Plants of all tested coconut varieties survived water stress caused by 4% to 6% PEG and the percentages of plant survival at different levels of PEG varied among different coconut varieties. Variety Ran thembili showed the highest survival rate (27%) at 6% PEG and overall best plant growth performances at 4% PEG among the five coconut varieties tested. Red dwarf showed the lowest survival rate at 4% to 6% PEG indicating its susceptibility to water stress. Among the coconut varieties tested, zygotic embryos of Ran thembili showed the highest drought tolerance potential.

Optimum Physico-Chemical and Processing Parameters for the Preservation of King Coconut Water Gunathilake, K. D. P. P.; Rathnayake, R. M. C. N.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 1 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

King coconut (Cocos nucifera var. aurantiaca) water is a natural, nutritious and healthy beverage. However, it is underutilized in terms of value addition with extended shelf life. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop the physico-chemical and processing parameters for the value addition of King coconut water with extended shelf life. King coconut water was analyzed for sugar, minerals and vitamin C content based on reviewed methods. Studies were conducted to identify the optimum pH, total soluble solid (TSS), type of acidulant and pasteurization conditions based on sensory properties of the product using semi trained panelists. Processed King coconut water was packed in three different packages and stored at refrigerated (4°C) condition for two months. Changes in pH, TSS and titratable acidity were evaluated in two weeks intervals throughout the storage period. The results showed that optimum pH, TSS, type of acidulant and pasteurization conditions were 4.4, 9, malic acid and 70˚C/15 sec., respectively. The product was microbiologically (less than 50 CFU/ml) safe for consumption even after 8 weeks of storage. These storage studies revealed that the changes in pH, TSS and titratble acidity of King coconut water packed in three packaging materials had no significant difference (p<0.05) during refrigerated storage.

Distinguishing Coconut Oil from Coconut Paring Oil using Principle Component Analysis of Fatty Acid Data Marikkar, J. M. N.; Nasyrah, A. R.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 1 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

A study was carried out to distinguish coconut oil from coconut pairing oil by the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to fatty acid compositional and iodine value data. Five samples of ordinary coconut oil extracted from five different batches of copra and five samples of coconut pairing oil obtained from five batches of dried coconut pairings were employed. Fatty acid composition and iodine values of oil samples were determined individually and the data were analyzed statistically. PCA analysis showed that lauric and oleic acid contents and iodine value data are the most influencing parameters to discriminate coconut oil from coconut pairing oil. Hence, the application of PCA to fatty acid compositional and iodine value data was successful in distinguishing coconut oil from coconut pairing oil.

Synthesis of Nanocellulose from Coir Pith Subha, P. V.; Ravindranath, Anita Das
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 1 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coir pith is lignocellulosic in nature and abundantly available by-product of the coir industry. It is a pollutant as it is resistant to biodegradation in the environment. It is mainly composed of cellulose (28%), hemi cellulose (9.5%) and lignin (31%). In this study, cellulose was extracted from the coir pith, and treated generally for the production of nanocellulose. Cellulose is proved to be a versatile material due to its unique chemical structure, which provides a superior platform for several new biomaterials. Nanophase materials are prepared from inorganic materials and hardly any are reported from natural products. When particles are made up to nano size their reactivity increases. FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM characterized the extracted cellulose and nanocellulose. The hydrolyzed nanocellulose was found to be the mixed crystalline forms of cellulose I and II. Conversion of this lignocelluloscic biomass to nanocellulose will lead to the preparation of new-nano composites materials for biomedical applications.

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone +628111885787

Journal Mail Official journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address 8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location Kota adm. jakarta pusat, Dki jakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email
mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone
+628111885787

Journal Mail Official
journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address
8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA