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Published by International Coconut Community

ISSN : 02151162 EISSN : 27218856 DOI : 10.37833/cord

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science

Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 387 Documents

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Quantitative Evaluation of the Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes-Lignin Peroxidase and Manganese Peroxidase by P. Sajor Caju During Coir Pith Composting Radhakrishnan, S.; Ravindranath, Anita Das; Hanosh, M. S.; Sarma, U. S.; Jayakumaran, Nair A.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 1 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coir is the natural hard fruit fibre extracted from the exocarp of the coconut. The fibre has over 40 percent lignin and is spun into yarn and rope. Coir is used globally for manufacturing floor coverings as home furnishing. The Coir Industry enjoys the status as the largest cottage industry in Kerala giving employment to over a million people, of which 80 percent constitute women. Coir pith is a biomass residue generated during the extraction of coir fibre from coconut husk. Coir pith produced during coir fibre extraction is of environmental concern as its dumping on shore line and leaching of its constituents alter water quality and aquatic life. Management of coir pith is a major problem with all coir industrialists. Hillocks of coir pith accumulate in the vicinities of coir fibre extraction units in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Orissa. These agricultural wastes have traditionally been disposed by burning which resulted in various environmental problems. Therefore, composting is an alternate way to dispose coir pith and is of critical importance. Ligninolytic enzyme production during coir pith composting by Pleurotus sajor caju has been studied in detail. Pleurotus sajor caju produces oxidative enzymes which degrade lignin in the presence of urea as nitrogen source. Substitution of urea with vegetative sources has resulted in the vigorous growth of the mushroom which leads to decreased lignin content and C: N ratio in the biodegraded coir pith. Combination of Azolla and Soya hulls as biological supplements was observed to be the best substitute for lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase production. Activity of manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase was maximum on the twentieth day of fermentation of coir pith. The level of enzyme activity during biological composting using vegetative sources was compared with the conventional process using urea. The enzyme profile exhibited variation with change in substrate and duration of decomposition. The colonization of Pleurotus sajor caju by its utilization leads to biochemical changes in coir pith converting it into an ideal plant nutrient.

Coconut Leaf Vermiwash as a Component of Organic Farming for Sustaining Soil Health and Fertility Gopal, Murali; Gupta, Alka; Thomas, George V.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 1 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Vermiwash, produced from actively vermicomposting substrates of coconut leaf + cowdung by the action of Eudrilus sp., has an alkaline pH, contains major and minor nutrients, growth hormones, humic acid and plant beneficial bacteria. Application of appropriately diluted coconut leaf vermiwash has shown to increase germination and seedling vigour index of cow pea and paddy seeds in laboratory bioassays. Field trials with cowpea, maize and bhendi (okra) in CPCRI farm showed its capacity to increase biomass and yield of the crops accompanied by enhanced soil microbial activities. Application of the vermiwash in red sandy loam soil produced an increase of 36% of fresh biomass weight, nodule numbers and 43% nodule fresh weight in cowpea at 1:10 dilution compared to control. In maize, increase in cob yield by 5-10%, fresh cob weight increase of 29-64% and in bhendi 22 to 33% increase in yield were recorded when vermiwash was applied at 1:5 dilution. To validate these results, field trials were taken up in farmers’ plots at Majal and Edneer area in Kasaragod. Bitter gourd and cowpea crops were taken up at Majal while amaranthus, cowpea and green chillies at Edneer. The soil type was sandy loam at Majal and lateritic at Edneer. Vermiwash produced at CPCRI was used as treatment along with farmers’ practice as control. The mode of application of vermiwash, dilution rates and intervals of application were carried out by the farmers as per recommendations. Observations on yield of the crops in vermiwash applied plots were recorded by the farmers. A yield of 75 kg cowpea and 200 kg bitter gourd at Majal; 55 kg amaranthus, 155 kg cowpea and 10kg dried chilli at Edneer plot were recorded from vermiwash applied plots. In both the places, observations indicated that application of vermiwash resulted in yield of crops on par or slightly lower than the plots that received regular fertilizer inputs as per farmers’ practice. However, in vermiwash treated plots, the farmers listed many other important points viz. healthy plant and root hair growth, lesser pest and disease damage, larger leaf size and deep leaf colour, longer ability of plants to stay without wilting in field as well as longer time of remaining fresh in case of amaranthus after harvesting, etc. The soil analysis also revealed that application of vermiwash in both types of soils increased the bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes, free-living nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilzing and fluorescent pseudomonad population, and dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase enzyme activities when compared to fertilizer treated plots. This clearly established the fact that vermiwash enhanced the soil fertility status for production of quality yield of agronomic and horticulture crops.

The Production and Characterization of Carbon Composite from Coconut Shell Charcoal Rampe, Meytij Jeanne; Setiaji, Bambang; Trisunaryanti, Wega; Triyono
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 1 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Structure and chemical composition of coconut shell carbon with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the stimulant through the observation of TG-DTA, SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD had been studied. The process was carried out by calcining coconut shell charcoal at the temperature of 873 and 1023 K under nitrogen flow, then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) under composition of 2.5 to 7.5% wt. in water solvent. The development of carbon composite structure was observed by heating the samples in Argon gas of 1673 K, the rate of temperature was 10 K/min in 3 hours. The products were then analyzed by TG-DTA, SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD. The result showed that the products were in uniform particle size of micrometer dimensions and spherical particles in shape, with average content of C element at 97.44% wt., aromatic character and semi-crystalline structure.

Do Belief Differences Lead to Change in Behavior? A Study of Sri Lankan Coconut Farmers Herath, C. S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 28 No 1 (2012): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Technology adoption by farmers is an important factor in agricultural development in both developing and developed countries that has not been achieved over the past years. The level of technology adoption is highly dependent on farmers’ beliefs and attitudes. Therefore, adoption studies are important to identify beliefs and attitudes of farmers that affect decision making. The present study tries to explain and identify the effect of motivation on farmers’ behavior to acquire knowledge and what are their beliefs and motives that underlie adoption of technology. The theory of planned behavior provides a structure to identify farmers’ behavioral intention with respect to attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. The Self Determination Theory provides an explanatory system for the understanding of the motivation behind volitional behavior. These two theories serve as the key methodology for the study. The results revealed that, farmers’ participation in technology dissemination programmes and their willingness to gain information and skills have a significant relationship with intrinsic motivation. Further, those farmers hold positive beliefs towards new technology adoption and innovations. Therefore, two types of extension approaches are needed to enhance the technology adoption for intrinsically motivated and extrinsically motivated farmers.

Development of Indian Breakfast Foods with Coconut Flour Ramaswamy, Lalitha; Sivagami, A. R
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 27 No 2 (2011): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Coconut flour was incorporated in five Indian breakfast foods at 10%, 20% and 30% level by replacing the major cereal of each dish and organoleptically evaluated. Adai made with 10% incorporation had obtained the maximum scores, while those made with 20% and 30% were hard and rubbery. Uppuma made with 10% incorporation was almost equal to that of standard while the 30% incorporated one was unfit for consumption. Similarly mooli paratha made with 30% incorporation was crisp, however with 10% incorporation they were soft and acceptable. Vermicelli kichadi made with 30% incorporation was sticky, while the variation made with 10% was acceptable. Poories made with 10% incorporation were acceptable and the flavour was desirable due to the unique coconut flavour, however as the proportion of coconut flour increased the poories became crisper. Results of ANOVA show that there is a significant difference between the variations on account of coconut flour incorporation and with the standard. The fibre content of the most acceptable recipes was 4g more, while the carbohydrate and fat content were less than the standard which helps in combating disease conditions like obesity and diabetes mellitus. Therefore novel foods can be formulated with coconut flour and popularised.

Use of Arabinogalactan Protein in Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Tissue Culture: An Alternative Approach for Improved Tissue Response Fernando, S. C.; Samarajeewa, D. A. D. S.; Liyanagedara, L. G. N. H. K.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 27 No 2 (2011): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are extra-cellular proteins involved in plant growth and development. The effects of these proteins on in vitro response of different species are well documented. This study assessed for the first time the role of AGPs on tissue culture of coconut, a highly recalcitrant species in vitro. Coconut (Sri Lanka Tall) plumules were cultured in medium containing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) for callogenesis. Calli were multiplied by subculturing onto freshly prepared callusing medium. Somatic embryos were induced by transferring of calli to medium with 2/3 concentration of initial 2,4-D and matured by subsequent transferring to medium without any hormones. Embryos were converted in the presence of gibberelic acid. Arabic gum (1-50 mgL-1) was used as the main source of AGP. Alternatively, different AGP sources like Larch wood gum, carrot seeds and defatted coconut kernel were also assessed. Arabic gum in callusing medium resulted in early callogenesis from 20-40% plumules compared to 10% in the control. However, it did not have a significant effect on final callusing efficiency. Its presence in somatic embryogenesis medium showed a significantly higher mass of embryogenic structures per an embryogenic clump (33.3-50.5mg) when compared to the control (26.9mg).The best result was obtained at 10mgL-1 Arabic gum. All AGP sources except Larch wood gum had positive effects on somatic embryogenesis. Among them, defatted coconut kernel (25-50mgL-1) showed the best results giving 70% cultures with embryogenic structures compared to 37% in control. However, so far, the positive effect of AGP did not reflect in plant regeneration efficiency.

Bioinformatic Prediction of SNP Markers in WRKY Sequences of Palms Manju, K. P.; Arunachalam, V.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 27 No 2 (2011): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

WRKY transcription factors are unique to plants and performs many imperative functions mainly disease resistance. In the present study we have analyzed the WRKY transcription factor gene sequences to assess the variation at single nucleotide level. We have retrieved 525 sequences of WRKY genes of palms of 334 Kb size. The sequences were purified by employing EST trimmer and were clustered into 31 contigs using CAP3. Single nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) and insertion/deletions (indels) were detected in contigs using the AUTOSNP software. Alternatively candidate SNP containing contigs were aligned by Clustal X to locate the SNPs. Results from these two methods were compared and false SNPs were eliminated. Finally, about 568 SNPs were found including 250 transitions, 120 transversions and 198 indels. The SNPs were seen at a frequency of 2.84/100bp in the WRKY sequences of palms. Primers were designed flanking to SNP/ indel sites with potential as markers in palms. We could obtain two novel WRKY-SNP markers (WRKY 7 and WRKY 12) which are not reported before in palms.

Effect of Gelling Agent and Selective Sub-culturing on Hyperhydricity in Anther-Derived Coconut Embryos Perera, P. I. P.; Kularatene, J. D. J. S.; Weerakoon, L. K.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 27 No 2 (2011): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Experiments were conducted to compare the liquid medium with the media solidified with agar or phytagel. Selective subculturing and use of the embryo maturation medium supplemented with higher concentration of phytagel (0.5%; w/v) were also tested for reducing the vitrified embryos. Modified Eeuwens Y3 medium was used as the basal medium. By culturing the anthers on the medium solidified with phytagel (0.25%; w/v), direct embryo formation (86.7%) and embryo conversion (21.5%) were significantly increased. Plant regeneration efficiency of anther derived embryos or calluses developed in the liquid culture medium was extremely low (2.4%). Vitrification was further reduced by incorporating 0.5% (w/v) phytagel into the embryo maturation medium. Highest plant regeneration efficiency was obtained by exposing the embryos to 0.5% (w/v) phytagel for 21 days, which reduced vitrification by 42%. Furthermore, selective subculturing of the embryos was effective for reducing vitrification.

Effect of Application Frequency of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Hirsutellathompsonii (Fisher) on Damage Levels of Coconut Mite Aceriaguerreronis (Keifer) Fernando, L. C. P.; Hapuarachchi, D. C. L.; Waidyarathne, K. P.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 27 No 2 (2011): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The effect of application interval of H. thompsonii (Fisher) on damage caused by the coconut mite, Aceriaguerreronis (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in two coconut plantations in Sri Lanka was evaluated. In each plantation, coconut palms infested by coconut mite were treated with H. thompsonii isolate IMI 391722 at 2- and 3-monthly intervals and the fruits with H. thompsonii-infected coconut mite cadavers and percentage of harvested fruits in different damage categories were assessed. Infected coconut mite cadavers were found on up to 60% of the fruits treated with the fungus in both plantations at treatment frequencies. The effect of the treatments was site-specific. The treatments reduced the percentage of damaged-small size harvested fruits to half that of the untreated control in both plantations irrespective of the frequency of treatment. At one plantation, the percentages of undamaged fruits and fruits with discontinued damage were nearly doubled to that of untreated fruits.

Azolla & Soya Hulls-Substitutes for Urea in Coir Pith Composting Using Pleurotus Sajor Caju Radhakrishnan, S.; Ravindranath, Anita Das; Sarma, U. S.; Jayakumaran, Nair A.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 27 No 2 (2011): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Bio composting process is the available means of converting various organic wastes generated from the industry and the agricultural sectors into beneficial products such as biofertilizers and as a soil conditioners. The unique feature of these agricultural wastes are their organic content, pH, and high C: N ratio. Coir pith is a biomass residue obtained during the extraction of coir fibre from coconut husk. Accumulation of coir pith leads to an environmental concern and its management is a major problem with all coir industrialists. The high quantum of its production and the difficulties experienced in its disposal have tended to create a major problem of pollution of large areas of land and water in coir fiber extraction units. Therefore, biodegradation of coir pith is an essential requirement to control pollution. Coir pith, even though a problematic waste; it is a potential wealth when it is converted into valuable organic manure by microbial degradation. A method of composting of coir pith with urea has been developed by Coir Board, India using a fungus viz., Pleurotus sajor caju commercially known as Pithplus. Application of urea releases higher concentration of ammonia in the soil making it more acidic and retards soil natural fertility. Hence an alternative cost effective nitrogen supplement needs to be developed as a substitute to urea for composting of coir pith. The present study aims at the formulation of bio organic manure from coir pith avoiding inorganic urea in the composting. Overall assessment on the physico chemical properties of the biodegraded coir pith leads to the conclusion that a combination of Azolla and Soya hulls (2:1 ratio) was found to be efficient in lignin degradation and contribute to novel changes in coir pith

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Mufid Febrianto

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8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone +628111885787

Journal Mail Official journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address 8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location Kota adm. jakarta pusat, Dki jakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email
mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone
+628111885787

Journal Mail Official
journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address
8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA