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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012" : 6 Documents clear
PENGARUH PUPUK K TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL DAN MUTU RIMPANG JAHE MUDA (Zingiber officinale Rocs.) RAHARDJO, MONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (133.721 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.10-16

Abstract

ABSTRAKKalium merupakan unsur hara yang paling banyak diserap olehtanaman jahe dibandingkan N dan P. Produktivitas tanaman akan menurunapabila kekurangan unsur hara K, karena K mempunyai fungsi pentingpada proses fotosintesis, aktifitas enzim, metabolisme karbohidrat, proteindan sebagai transport ion. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun PercobaanSukamulya sejak Januari sampai Mei 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk KCl terhadap pertumbuhan,hasil, serapan hara, dan mutu rimpang jahe muda. Perlakuan disusundalam rancangan acak kelompok dan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan yangdicoba terdiri atas delapan perlakuan pupuk KCl yaitu; 0, 50, 100, 150,200, 250, 300, dan 350 kg/ha. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 50 x 60cm, dengan populasi 100 tanaman/plot. Contoh tanaman diambil padaumur 4 BST, sebanyak 5 tanaman setiap satuan perlakuan. Peubah yangdiamati adalah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot segar rimpang,bobot kering rimpang dan tanaman, kadar minyak atsiri, pati, serat, haraN, P dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman, bobotsegar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun dan bobot kering rimpangmeningkat secara nyata dengan meningkatnya perlakuan pupuk KCl.Tinggi tanaman, bobot segar rimpang, bobot kering batang+daun tertinggidicapai pada perlakuan pupuk KCl dosis 350 kg/ha, masing-masing adalah86,88 cm, 272,51 g/tanaman, dan 27,46 g/tanaman. Peningkatan bobotkering batang+daun dan bobot segar rimpang berkorelasi positif denganmeningkatnya pemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, membentukpersamaan linier (r = 0,610 tn dan 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaanmasing-masing P = 0,987** dan 0,99**. Kadar serat rimpang meningkatmembentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,792*) dengan peningkatanpemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha, dengan tingkat kepercayaan P =0,997**. Serapan hara N, P dan K berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatanpemupukan KCl sampai dosis 350 kg/ha. Serapan N membentukpersamaan linier (r = 0,541 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,977**,serapan P membentuk persamaan kuadratik (R 2 = 0,798*) dengan tingkatkepercayaan P = 0,992**, dan serapan K membentuk persamaan kuadratik(R 2 = 0,643 tn ) dengan tingkat kepercayaan P = 0,947**.Kata kunci : Zingiber officinale Rocs., pupuk KCl, pertumbuhan, mutu,hasil jahe mudaABSTRACTPotassium is the nutrient most absorbed by ginger compared to Nand P nutrients. Crop productivity will decline if it lacks of K nutrient,because K has an important function in the photosynthesis of process,enzyme activity, metabolisms of carbohydrates and proteins, and it alsofunctions as an ion transport. A study, conducted at SukamulyaExperimental Station from January to May 2010, aimed at determining theeffect of KCl fertilizer application on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, andquality of young ginger rhizomes. Treatments were arranged in arandomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted ofeight KCl fertilizer dosages, namely: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and350 kg/ha. Planting space used was 50 x 60 cm, with plants population of100/plot. Five plants per treatment unit were sampled at the age of 4months after planting. Variables observed were plant height, number oftillers, rhizome fresh weight, dry weights of rhizomes and plants, contentsof essential oil, starch, fiber, and N, P, and K nutrients. The results showedthat plant height, rhizome fresh weight, stems + leaf dry weight, andrhizome dry weight increased significantly in line with the increase in KClfertilizer dosages. The best results of plant height, rhizome fresh weight,and dry weight of stem + leaf were achieved at the highest dosage of KClfertilizer (350 kg/ha). The measures were 86.88 cm, 272.51 g/plant, and27.46 g/plant, respectively. Increase in dry weights of stem + leaf andfresh rhizome were positively correlated with increasing fertilizer dosagesof KCl up to 350 kg/ha, forming a linear equation (r = 0.610 tn and r =0.643 tn ) with P confidence levels of 0.987** and 0.99**, respectively.Increase in fiber content of rhizomes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =0.792*) by increasing dosages of KCl fertilizer up to 350 kg/ha, with a Pconfidence level of 0.997**. Uptakes of N, P, and K nutrients werepositively correlated with increases in KCl fertilizations up to 350 kg/ha.Uptakes of N nutrient formed a linear equation (r = 0.541 tn ) with a Pconfidence level of 0.977**, P uptakes formed a quadratic equation (R 2 =0.798*) with a P confidence level of 0.992**, and uptakes of K alsoformed a quadratic equation (R 2 = 0.643 tn ) with a P confidence level of0.947**.Key words: Zingiber officinale Rocs., KCl fertilizer, growth, quality,young ginger rizhome
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN; AGUS PURWANTARA; SATRIYAS ILYAS; MOHAMAD RAHMAD SUHARTANTO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.40-46

Abstract

ABSTRAKBenih merupakan komponen dasar dalam menentukan produktivitastanaman kakao. Benih yang sehat dapat merupakan faktor penting dalammenentukan keberhasilan produktivitas kakao. Benih kakao mempunyaikadar air cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi terinfeksi cendawan, yangdapat menurunkan mutu benih dan produksi kakao. Penelitian bertujuanuntuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi beberapa cendawan terbawa benihpada kakao hibrida. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Induk Benih PusatPenelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikro-biologi, Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, danLaboratorium Pengendalian Hayati IPB Bogor pada bulan Juni sampaiOktober 2008. Penelitian menggunakan benih kakao hibrida dari hasilpersilangan buatan antar TSH 858 dengan Sca 6, dan percobaan disusundengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Benih ditumbuhkanpada 3 media, yaitu water agar (WA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), dankertas saring (KS). Tingkat infeksi pada benih diamati setiap hari dandianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji selangberganda Duncan. Cendawan diisolasi, dibiakkan, dimurnikan, dandiidentifikasi dengan menggunakan buku kunci identifikasi. Tingkatinfeksi cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida tertinggi terdapat pada harikeempat (35,00%) dan kelima (51,67%) pada media PDA. Sebanyak 13spesies cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida berhasil diidentifikasidengan menggunakan media WA dan PDA, serta 8 spesies cendawandengan media KS. Ke-13 cendawan terbawa benih yang ditemukan sangatberpotensi menurunkan mutu fisiologis benih dan produktivitas kakao.Cendawan tersebut perlu diuji lebih lanjut karena masing-masing memilikisifat-sifat patogenik, saprofitik, atau antagonistis terhadap cendawan lainpada benih kakao. Cendawan terbawa benih kakao hibrida paling dominanadalah Aspergillus spp., Penicillium chrysogenium, Coletotrichumacutatum, Curvularia geniculata, dan Fusarium spp. Cendawan-cendawanyang diduga berbahaya adalah Aspergillus spp., Coletotrichum acutatum,Curvularia  geniculata,  Fusarium  spp.,  Phoma  glomerata,  danMacrophoma sp., dan yang diduga bersifat patogenik adalah Aspergillusflavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvulariageniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, dan Macrophoma sp.Kata kunci : Theobroma cacao, benih hibrida, infeksi cendawan, mediatanamIsolation and Identification of Fungi on Hybrid Cacao SeedsABSTRACTSeed is the basic component influencing the productivity of cacaoplantation. Healthy seed is the most important factor in determining thesuccess of cacao productivity. Moisture content of cacao seeds is quitehigh potentially to cause fungi infection, which can further reduce seedquality and cacao production. The research aimed at isolating andidentifying several seedborne fungi on hybrid cacao. The study wasconducted at main nursery of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa ResearchInstitute Jember, Laboratory of Microbiology, Indonesian BiotechnologyResearch Institute for Estate Crops, and the Laboratory for BiologicalControl of IPB Bogor from June to October 2008. Research used hybridcacao seeds derived from crossing between TSH 858 x SCA 6, and theexperiment was arranged using completely randomized design with threereplicates. Cacao seeds were grown on three media, i.e. water agar (WA),potato dextrose agar (PDA), and filter paper (KS). Infection rates on theseedlings were observed every day and analyzed using ANOVA followedby Duncan's multiple regression test (DMRT). Fungi were isolated,cultured, purified, and identified using the identification keys. The highestrate of seedborn fungal infection occured on fourth (35.00%) and fifth(51.67%) days on PDA media. A total of 13 species of seedborn fungi onhybrid cocoa were identified by using WA and PDA media, as well as 8other species by using KS. The 13 seedborne fungi potentially reduce seedphysiological quality and cacao productivity. These fungi need to befurther tested because each has its own pathogenic, saprophytic, orantagonistic properties towards other fungi on cacao seeds. Predominantseedborn fungi on hybrid cacao were Aspergillus spp., Penicilliumchrysogenium, Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, andFusarium spp. The fungi suspected harmful were Aspergillus spp.,Coletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium spp., Phomaglomerata, and Macrophoma sp., and those suspected pathogenic wereAspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum,Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, andMacrophoma sp.Key words : Theobroma cacao, fungi infection, hybrid seed, growingmedia
TRANSFER GEN   -1,3-GLUCANASE DARI JAMUR Trichoderma asperillum PADA KALUS ABAKA UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM RULLY DYAH PURWATI; LILIEK SULISTYOWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.24-30

Abstract

ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporumf.sp cubense (Foc). Upaya perbaikan sifat ketahanan tanaman abakamelalui persilangan sulit dilakukan karena keragaman genetiknya sempitakibat  pola  perbanyakan  secara  vegetatif  yang  terus-menerus.Transformasi gen ketahanan β-1,3-Glucanase merupakan salah satualternatif untuk memperbaiki sifat ketahanan tanaman dengan bantuanvektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Gen   -1,3-Glucanase diisolasi darijamur endofit Trichoderma asperillum yang diketahui antagonis terhadapFusarium oxisporum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengintroduksi gen β-1,3 Glucanase pada tanaman abaka, sebagai tahap awal untuk memperolehtanaman abaka tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, mulai Juni 2007 sampai dengan Mei 2009.Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap sebagai berikut: transfer gen   -1,3-Glucanase pada kalus abaka embriogenik, regenerasi tunas dan planletabaka transforman, dan konfirmasi planlet abaka transforman yangmengandung gen Gus dan   -1,3-Glucanase. Transfer gen dilakukanmelalui vektor A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang mengandung plasmidpB2GW7 berisi gen-gen   -1,3-Glucanase, Gus (  -glucuronidase) sebagaigen pelapor dan Bar (Basta resistance) sebagai gen penyeleksi. Kalusabaka klon UB-13 embriogenik berukuran 3 x 3 x 3 mm 3 direndam dalamsuspensi A. tumefaciens, kemudian ditanam pada media kokultivasi selama2 hari. Setelah kokultivasi, kalus dipindahkan ke media MS cair+Timentin100 ppm selama 2 minggu. Selanjutnya kalus dipindahkan ke mediainduksi kalus (MK) yaitu MS + BAP 5 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,4 mg/l +vitamin C 100 mg/l + Basta 50 ppm + Timentin 100 ppm. Regenerasitunas dilakukan dengan memindahkan kalus transforman ke media induksitunas (MT): MS+BAP 0,5 mg/l + vitamin C 100 mg/l dengan penambahandan tanpa Timentin 100 ppm. Tunas transforman dengan tinggi 2-3 cmdipindahkan ke dalam media induksi akar (MA) : MS + arang aktif 2 g/ldengan penambahan dan tanpa Timentin 50 ppm. Keberadaan gen Gusdideteksi dengan reaksi histokimia, dan konfirmasi keberadaan gen   -1,3-Glucanase dilakukan dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Daripenelitian berhasil diperoleh 2% kalus transforman yang lolos seleksiBasta. Hasil konfirmasi keberadaan gen Gus pada planlet transformanmenunjukkan 9 dari 20 (45%) planlet yang diuji, positif mengandung genGus. Konfirmasi keberadaan gen   -1,3-Glucanase dengan PCRmenunjukkan hanya 2 dari 20 planlet transforman, positif mengandung   -1,3-Glucanase. Pengujian ketahanan dari plantlet transgenik tersebut perludilakukan terhadap Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc).Kata kunci: Musa textilis Nee., transformasi gen,   -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, penyakit, jamur patogen,FusariumABSTRACTThe main constraint of abaca (Musa textilis Nee.) cultivation isinfection of wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense(Foc). The effort to improve abaca resistance through hybridization is stilldifficult due to narrow genetic variability resulted from continuousvegetative multiplication. Transformation of   -1,3-Glucanase resistancegene is an alternative way to improve character of genetic resistance withhelp of Agrobacterium oxisporum. The research aimed at introducing   -1,3-Glucanase gene to abaca plants prior to obtaining the plants resistanceagainst Fusarium wilt diseases. The research was conducted inBiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya Universityand Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre CropsResearch Institute, from June 2007 to May 2009. This experimentconsisted of three steps, namely:   -1,3-Glucanase gene transfer onto abacaembriogenic calli, regeneration of transgene abaca shoots and plantlets,and confirmation of transgene abaca plantlets containing Gus and   -1,3-Glucanase genes. Gene transfer was performed using A. tumefaciensvector strain LBA4404 with pB2GW7 containing genes of   -1,3-Glucanase and Gus (  -glucuronidase) as reporter, and Bar (Bastaresistance) as selector marker. Embriogenic calli of abaca clone UB-13were soaked in A. tumefaciens suspension and then cultured in co-cultivation medium for two days. After co-cultivation, calli weretransferred to liquid of MS medium + 100 ppm Timentine for two weeks.Furthermore, the calli were sub-cultured into callus induction medium :MS + 5 mg BAP/l + 0.4 mg Thidiazuron/l + 100 mg vitamin C/l + 50 ppmBasta + 100 ppm Timentine. Shoots regeneration was conducted bytransferring transgene calli to shoot induction medium : MS + 0.5 mg/lBAP + 100 mg vitamin C/l with and without addition of 100 ppmTimentine. Transgene shoots with 2-3 cm height were sub-cultured to rootinduction medium : MS + 2 g active charcoal/l with and without additionof 50 ppm Timentine. Detection of Gus gene was conducted usinghistochemical reaction, while confirmation of   -1,3-Glucanase gene wasperformed by PCR. This project resulted in 2% transgene calli passingBasta selection. Nine out of 20 plantlets (45%) confirmed the existance ofGus gene. PCR results showed that only 2 out of 20 transformed plantlets positively contained   -1,3-Glucanase gene. The plantlets resistanceagainst Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc) needs to be evaluated.Key words: Musa textilis Nee, gene transformation,   -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plant disease, fungal disease,Fusarium
KERAGAMAN SPESIES PALA (Myristica spp.) MALUKU UTARA BERDASARKAN PENANDA MORFOLOGI DAN AGRONOMI SRI SOENARSIH DAS; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO; H.M.H. BINTORO DJOEFRIE; YUDIWANTI WAHYU E.K
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.1-9

Abstract

ABSTRAKPala merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia dan informasi keragaman-nya masih terbatas. Keragaman spesies dan varietas pala penting untuk dievaluasi sebagai dasar tindakan konservasi. Keragaman varietas danspesies pala dapat dievaluasi dengan mengamati keragaman morfologi dan fenotipe di lapangan. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman fenotipik di antara aksesi pala dan mengevaluasi pengelompokan intra dan inter spesies pala dari Maluku Utara. Populasi pohon pala yang berumur minimal 15 tahun dari Tidore dan Patani, Halmahera Tengah, Maluku Utara digunakan dalam penelitian. Aksesi yang digunakan terdiri atas spesies Myristica fragrans, Myristica fatua, Myristica argentea, Myristica succedane, dan sejumlah aksesi yang tidak diketahui nama spesiesnya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan aksesi pala dari Patani dan Tidore menunjukkan variasi yang tinggi dalam bentuk buah, warna buah tua, dan bentuk biji. Hanya aksesi pala asal Tidore yang menunjukkan variasi dalam bobot fuli. Dendogram yang dibuat berdasarkan karakter fenotipe menjelaskan aksesi pala yang dianalisis ke dalam empat kelompok pada indeks kesamaan 70%. Kelompok pertama terdiri atas dua aksesi M. fatua dan satu aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Tidore serta satu aksesi M. fragrans. Kelompok kedua terdiri atas dua aksesi M. argentea dan dua aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Tidore serta satu aksesi M. succedanea dari Patani. Kelompok ketiga terdiri atas tiga aksesi M. argentea dan enam aksesi pala yang tidak diketahui spesiesnya dari Patani. Kelompok keempat terdiri atas dua aksesi M. fragrans dari Tidore.Kata kunci : Myristica spp., keragaman fenotipik, spesies pala, analisispengelompokan, hubungan kekerabatanABSTRACTNutmeg is native to Indonesia and information about its diversitiesare limited. Species and varietal diversities are important to be evaluatedfor conservation purposes of this crop. Nutmeg species and varietaldiversities could be assessed by observing morphological and phenotypicvariabilities in the field. The objectives of this research were to assessphenotypic variabilities among nutmeg accessions of North Moluccas andevaluate intra and inter specific clustering of nutmeg accessions in theregions. At least fifteen years old provenances of nutmeg population atTidore and Patani, Central Halmahera, North Moluccas were used in thisexperiment. The accessions consisted of Myristica fragrans, Myristicafatua, Myristica argentea, Myristica succedane, and a number of unknownnutmeg species. Nutmeg accessions from Patani and Tidore showed widevariabilities in fruit shape, mature fruit color, and seed shape. While onlynutmeg accessions from Tidore showed variabilities in mace weight.Dendogram constructed based on phenotypic character grouped thenutmeg accessions into four groups at 70% similarity index. The firstgroup consisted of two accessions M. fatua and one unknown nutmegspecies from Tidore and M. fragrans from Patani. The second groupconsisted of two accessions of M. argentea and two unknown nutmegspecies from Tidore and one accessions of M. succedanea from Patani.The third group consisted of only M. argentea and six unknown nutmegspecies from Patani. The fourth group consisted of two M. fragransassessions from Tidore.Key words : Phenotypic diversity, nutmeg species, clustering analysis,kinship relationships, Indonesian nutmeg
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI BUNGA, DAN ANALISIS USAHA TANI ROSELA MERAH BUDI SANTOSO; UNTUNG SETYO-BUDI; ELDA NURNASARI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.17-23

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai jarak tanam dan pemupukan untuk tanamanrosela merah (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) belum banyak dilakukan.Suatu penelitian, yang dilakukan di Desa Kanyoran, Kecamatan Semen,Kabupaten Kediri pada tahun 2010, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jaraktanam dan dosis pupuk NPK majemuk yang tepat bagi pertumbuhan sertaproduksi kelopak bunga rosela merah dan analisis usaha tani. Perlakuandisusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 3 ulangan.Sebagai faktor pertama adalah 3 ukuran jarak tanam yang terdiri atas 1) 80x 50 cm; 2) 100 x 50 cm; dan 3) 120 x 50 cm; dan sebagai faktor keduaadalah 5 dosis pupuk NPK majemuk yang terdiri atas a) 30 kg NPK/ha; b)37,50 kg NPK/ha; c) 45 kg NPK/ha; d) 52,50 kg NPK/ha; dan e) 60 kgNPK/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara jaraktanam (100 x 50 cm) dengan dosis pupuk (45 kg NPK/ha) yangmemberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang produktif,jumlah buah, bobot kelopak bunga berbiji, bobot biji, bobot basah kelopakbunga tanpa biji, dan bobot kelopak bunga kering maksimal, masing-masing sebesar 186,63 cm; 16,33 cabang; 117,00 buah; 41,33 kg/petak;16,17 kg/petak; 26,67 kg/petak; dan 2,35 kg/petak (652,75 kg/ha). Usahatani rosela merah memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 10.420.000/hadengan B/C = 1,49. Harga pokok kelopak bunga kering sebesarRp13.031/kg lebih kecil dibanding harga pasar (Rp 40.000/kg), dan dapatdijamin tidak akan terjadi kerugian bagi petaniKata kunci : Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, jarak tanam, pupuk NPKmajemuk, pertumbuhan, produksiABSTRACTThere has been no research program on plant spacing and fertilization onred roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) up to 2010. A studyconducted in Desa Kanyoran, Kecamatan Semen, Kediri in 2010, aimed atgetting appropriate plant spacing and NPK compound fertilizer dosage forgrowth and calyx production of red roselle, as well as its farm analysis.The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design withthree replicates. As the first factor were 3 dimensions of plant spacingconsisting of 1) 80 x 50, 2) 100 x 50, and 3) 120 x 50 cm, and the secondfactor were 5 doses of NPK compound fertilizer consisting of a) 30, b)37.50, c) 45, d) 52.50, and e) 60 kg NPK/ha. The results showed that therewas an interaction between plant spacing (100 x 50 cm) with fertilizerdosage (45 kg NPK/ha), which resulted in plant height, number ofproductive branches, number of fruits, weight calyx with seed, seedweight, fresh weight of seedless calyx, and maximum dry weight of calyx,each amounting to 186.63 cm; 16.33 branches; 117.00 fruits; 41.33kg/plot; 16.17 kg/plot; 26.67 kg/plot; and 2.35 kg/plot (652.75 kg/ha),respectively. Red roselle farm provided a gain of Rp10,420,000/ha with aB/C of 1.49. Production cost of dried calyx was Rp13,031/kg, lower thanmarket price (Rp 40,000/kg), and was guaranteed to be no loss to farmers.Key words: Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, plant spacing, NPKcompound fertilizer, growth, production
PENGARUH KONDISI HOMOGENISASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN MUTU SANTAN SELAMA PENYIMPANAN SARI INTAN KAILAKU; TATANG HIDAYAT; DONDY A. SETIABUDY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.31-39

Abstract

ABSTRAKProduk santan awet semakin banyak digunakan masyarakat untukalasan kepraktisan. Salah satu cara untuk menstabilkan emulsi santan yaitudengan penambahan emulsifier/stabiliser dan proses homogenisasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses homogenisasiyang dapat menghasilkan emulsi santan yang stabil dengan masa simpanyang optimal. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu tiga kecepatan putaran(6.000, 11.000, dan 16.000 rpm) dan empat durasi homogenisasi (10, 20,30, dan 40 menit). Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap(RAL) faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitukarakteristik fisik emulsi santan yang meliputi stabilitas emulsi, viskositas,dan mikroskopik santan. Kemudian diamati pula mutu santan selamapenyimpanan dengan menguji parameter pH, warna, kadar asam lemakbebas, dan total mikroba. Emulsifier yang digunakan adalah Tween 20(konsentrasi 0; 0,5; dan 1%) dan karboksi-metilselulosa-CMC (konsentrasi0 dan 0,6%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan CMC 0,6%dapat menghasilkan stabilitas emulsi yang baik (100%) sampai denganakhir pengamatan (14 hari). Kondisi proses homogenisasi yang optimaldiperoleh pada kecepatan putaran 6.000 rpm selama 30 menit. Mutu santanyang dihasilkan dari kondisi proses homogenisasi yang optimal cukup baikdan layak dikonsumsi sampai dengan penyimpanan minggu ke-6.Kata kunci: Santan, homogenisasi, emulsifier/stabiliser, karboksi-metil-selulosa (CMC), mutuABSTRACTPreserved coconut milk is increasingly used publicly because of itspractical reasons. One of the ways to stabilize the coconut milk emulsionis by addition of emulsifier/stabilizer and homogenizing process. Thisstudy aimed at obtaining conditions of the homogenization process toproduce stable emulsions of coconut milk with optimum storage period.The treatments applied were three rotation speeds (6,000, 11,000, and16,000 rpm) and four homogenization durations (10, 20, 30, and 40minutes). The experiment was arranged using factorial completelyrandomized design (CRD) factorial with three replicates .  Parametersobserved were physical characteristics including coconut milk emulsionstability, viscosity, and microscopic test of milk. Furthermore, it was thenobserved quality of the coconut milk during storage by testing theparameters of pH, color, free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and total microbes bytotal plate count (TPC). Emulsifiers used in the experiment were Tween 20(concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1%) and carboxy-methylcellulose - CMC(concentrations of 0 and 0.6%). The results showed that the use of 0.6%CMC was able to produce a good emulsion stability (100%) until the endof the observation (14 days). Optimal condition of homogenizationprocess was obtained at the rotation speed of 6,000 rpm for 30 minutes.The quality of coconut milk resulted from optimal condition ofhomogenization process was quite good and valid for consumption up to 6weeks of storage.Key words : Coconut  milk,  homogenization,  emulsifier/stabilizer,carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC), quality.

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