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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Published by Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya lahan Pertanian
ISSN : 14107244     EISSN : 27227723     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.19-29
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No 26 (2007): Desember 2007" : 7 Documents clear
CHANGES OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTION ON ULTISOLS JASINGA BY SOIL TILLAGE AND ORGANIC MATTER PRACTICES NURIDA, NENENG LAILA; HARIDJAJA, O.; ARSYAD, S.; SUDARSONO, .; KURNIA, UNDANG; DJAJAKIRANA, G.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

In situ organic matters, such as Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and plant residues differ in quality (in terms of lignin, cellulose and nutrients contents). Such difference determines soil organic matter content especially labile fraction that could effect on soil properties. The aims of this research were to study: 1) the effects of various sources and quality of organic matters on soil organic fraction, and 2) the relationships between the changes of particulate organic matter and C-microbes (POM and Cmic) and soil quality indicators. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse of the Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor, from January to May 2003. The factorial completely randomized design was used with three replications. The first factor was the method of organic matters application: 1) mulch on soil surface and 2) incorporated with soils. The second factor was the sources of organic matters (dosage in equvalent with 2% organic C), i.e: 1) Mucuna sp., 2) Flemingia sp., 3)maize residue, 4) mixture of Mucuna sp., and Flemingia sp., 5) mixture of Flemingia sp. and maize residue, 6) mixture of Mucuna sp. and maize residue, and 7) mixture of Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and maize residue. The results showed that on organic matter application with incorporated method, C/N ratio and lignin content of organic matter have positive correlation with organic C, Cmic and Cmic/Corg, but have negative correlation with POMp. The changes of soil qualities caused by short term organic matter application could be seen from the changes of labile fraction of organic matter. When organic matter was incorporated, POMtand POMt/Corg have positive correlation with bulk density, but have negative correlation with RPT, PDC, available K, and total- N. When organic matter was spreaded on the soil surface, Cmic has positive correlation with available P. The changes on labile fraction (Cmic and POMt) was easy to be detected in short period, thus the changes of physical characteristics and the availability of macro nutrients is easy to be predicted.
NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION IN FLOODED SOIL : APPLICATION OF RICE STRAW AND RICE STRAW COMPOSTS AND ITS EFFECT ON NITROGEN UPTAKE AND ACETYLENE REDUCTION ACTIVITY IN RICE PLANT RHIZOSPHERE INDRIYATI, L.T; SABIHAM, SUPIYANDI; DARUSMAN, L.K; SITUMORANG, R.; SUDARSONO, .; SISWORO, W.H
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

The use of organic materials aimed in reducing the dependence on inputs such as chemical fertilizers can contribute to sustainability and improving the low N fertilizer efficiency of rice plants in paddy soils. Therefore, better understanding of N transformation in flooded soils, particularly the microbial transformation of N-organic amendments to plant-available N, is needed for most efficient use of soil and organic materials N for aiding in the selection of N management practices for sustainable agriculture. The experiments were conducted at the laboratory and in the greenhouse of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Incubation experiment was conducted at room temperature for 120 days to observe the availability of N-NH4+ in soil amended rice straw or rice straw composts and its combination with urea. After 21 days of incubation period, the rice straw amended soils showed that NNH4+ release was higher than the other treatments. The 4-monthand 8-month-compost of rice straw showed that N mineralization rate was lower and the N availability was lower than rice straw. The results of pot experiment in greenhouse revealed that the added rice straw was comparable with urea in its effect on the increase of dry matter weight of rice plants, number of tillers, Nuptake of rice, and recovery N efficiency. The application of rice straw, however, promoted the activity of nitrogenase enzyme higher than rice straw composts. The effect of rice straw on observed parameters were much better than its composts.
Effects of Soil Texture on Characteristics of Hydrograph Unit and Modelling Flood Prediction (Case Study in Separi Watershed, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan) M. LUTHFUL HAKIM; O. HARIDJAJA; . SUDARSONO; G. IRIANTO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

A Research on effects of soil texture on hydrograph unit characteristic and flood prediction modelling in East Kalimantan need to be developed, because intensity and area of flood progressively increased. The objectives of this research are : 1) to study the effects of soil texture on the characteristic of hydrograph unit, 2) to develop flood prediction models (peak discharge and time to peak discharge) of Separi watershed, and 3) to determine an optimal landuse area composition in line with flood and Separi watershed management. The location of research site is on Separi watershed in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan at 00003’-00038’ S and 117008’-117031’ E coordinate position. Field research has been conducted from January to June 2006. The methodology of the research based on several steps, e.i. : 1) data collecting, 2) flood prediction models development, 3) model accuration testing, and 4) model application. Themodel of flood prediction based on: 1) modelling of production function and 2) modelling of transfer function. The result showed that soil texture has an effect towards peak discharge and time to peak discharge. Soil with loam texture has peak discharge higher than soil with sand and clay texture, whereas time to peak discharge of soil with clay texture is higher than soil with loam and sand texture. Flood prediction (peak discharge and time to peak discharge) based on land characteristics and watershedgeomorphology was able to simulate peak discharge and time to peak discharge, which has no different result compared with result from measurement. Analysis of optimum composition landuse with decreasing peak discharge and time to peak discharge indicated that compositions of landuse in Separi watershed are 54% for forest area, 1,9% for farm/garden, 0,12% for urban, 0,5% for paddy field, 42% for shrubs/underbrush, and 1,99% for coal-mining.
Rainfall Pattern Change and Its Impact on Length of Growing Period E. RUNTUNUWU; H. SYAHBUDDIN
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

Information of global climate change impact on agriculture sector is needed for planning agricultural adaptation strategy. The objective of the study was to analyze the climate change in Indonesia, especially rainfall pattern change, and its impact on the length of growing period. The data used for analysis was collected during a period of 1879-2006 from Manonjaya station in Tasikmalaya District, West Java Province. The rainfall pattern was analyzed using Oldeman method, which is used to compute the length of growing period. Rainfall pattern was determined based on three types of rainfall characteristic, i.e., wet year, normal year, and dry year for each period of 1879-1910, 1911-1940, 1941-1970, and 1971-2006. The result of this research showed that the rainfall pattern had been changed over the past 128 years, with the following descriptions: on the wet year, the ‘A’ type of rainfall pattern has no changed, but the wet month has decreased about two months; on normal year, the rainfall pattern has changed from B1 to B2, and on dry year, it was from C2 to D3. The length of growing period was becoming shorter due to this changes. During wet year, three times  cropping has changed to twice a year. During normal year, especially for enduring of the second growth period, the irrigation technology was necessary due to expand of water storage. During the dry year, due to the impact of dry spell, once crop a year will not be possible. The study provides insight into a strategy to adapt agriculture to climate change and to gain benefit of its change for suitable agriculture practices.
Increasing of N-uptake by Inoculation of Diazotroph Endophytic Bacteria in Vermiculite Media DWI N. SUSILOWATI; RATIH SARASWATI; R.D HASTUTI; E. YUNIARTI
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

Intensive selection of selected 15 isolates on N2-fixing activities and auxin production to diazotroph endophytic bacteria showed that five isolates were superior, that is KACP12 (0.2569 μmol hour-1 culture-1), KACP13 (0.3026 μmol hour-1 culture-1), KACP21 (0.4592 μmol hour-1 culture-1), KACP32 (0.3131 μmol hour-1 culture-1), and KAMG2 (0.4843 μmol hour-1 culture-1). Inoculated five superior isolates into soybean seeds in vermiculite media showed that soybean plant inoculated by KAMG2 has the highest nitrogenase specific activity compared to others and control, that is 2,54 ± 1,2 μmol hour-1 plant-1. However inoculation with KACM and KACP32 showed higher N-uptake of soybean plant. Although this research has conducted within theearly stage of soybean plant growth, it is obvious that inoculated diazotroph endophytic bacteria in vermiculite media seem to be a good method to introduce selected strain envisaging growth promoting and nitrogen fixation.
Dominant Soil Characteristics that Effect on Available K at Smectitic Soils DEDI NURSYAMSI; K. IDRIS; SUPIYANDI SABIHAM; AGUS SOFYAN
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

Research aimed to study dominant soil characteristics that effect on available K of smectitic soils were conducted in Laboratory of Research and Soil Test, Indonesian Soil Research Institute. The soil characteristics that has been analised were soil texture (pipette), organic-C (Kjeldahl), and CEC (NH4OAc); mineralogical analyses of clay fraction (X-Ray Diffraction); K fractionation: soil soluble-K (0.0002 M CaCl2), exchangeable-K (NH4OAc), and total-K (HNO3+HClO4); and potassium sorption. The results showed that the content of soil soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and total-K was in order of Vertisols > Alfisols > Inceptisols. The percentage of soil K fraction of the soils, however, was in order of soluble-K < exchangeable-K < non-exchangeable-K. Although the soils had high content in total K but most of them were in nonexchangeable form, thus they were not available for plant growth. Soil K buffering capacity and maximum sorption were in order of Vertisols > Alfisols > Inceptisols. The bond energy constant of Vertisols, however, was similar with that of Alfisols but it was about twice with that of Inceptisols. Soil clay, organic-C, and CEC affected the availability of soil K significantly (P > 0.95). Smectite contributed significantly (P > 0.95) to soil negative charge so that it held an important role in controlling soil K buffering capacity and maximum sorption. To increase the efficiency of K fertilizer, plant species that can produce organic acid exudated from roots in high quantity can be developed in smectitic soils. The use of Na, NH4, and Fe cations need also to be considered for K management in the soils as well.
Analysis of Environmental Quality Changes of Citarum Watershed of West Java and their Effects on Operational Costs of Hydroelectric Power Plans and the Regional Drinking Water Companies (Case Study at Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur Hydroelectric Power Pl RADJAB TAMPUBOLON; B. SANIM; M. SRI SAENI; R. BOER
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to analyze land cover changes, hydrological characteristics changes, and their effects on the economic value of water resources for environmental services beneficiaries (Hydroelectric Power Plan, HEPP and Drinking Water Companies, DWC). This research was conducted from January to December 2006 in the upper Citarum watershed, covering the Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur catchments, with total area of 486,237 ha. The economic actors under this study are Saguling HEPP, Cirata HEPP, and Jatiluhur HEPP as well asTirta Dharma DWC (Purwakarta) and PT Thames Jaya DWC (Jakarta) which are located downstream of Citarum watershed as the beneficiaries of environmental services of Citarum watershed. The methodology and analysis technique used in this research were : a) supervised classification analysis to find out land cover changes; b) GR4J model to predict water discharge, water volume, and sedimentation; and c) water chemical analysis and replacement cost method for economic valuation of environmental services among the beneficiaries (HEPP, DWC). The resultsshowed that during the 1992 to 2002 period, there has been a reduction of forest (tree) area at the rate of 2.23% (3,804.2 ha) annually. The reduction of forest area was mainly caused by increasing of land clearing for settlement and other infrastructure which grew at the rate of 9.81% (2,404.5 ha) annually. This landuse change has influenced on hydrological characteristics of the upper Citarum watershed as shown by the reduction of local water discharge as high as 1.49% (3.14 m3 sec-1) and the volume of local water input as high as 4.20% (275.26 million m3), the increasing ratio of Qmax/Qmin as high as 5.99% (at the average of 131.94), the increasing of sediment yield as high as 10.20 to 12.86 million m3 annually (for the three dams) which is very dangerous, especially for Saguling and Cirata dams, as well as the decreasing of chemical water quality of Citarum River. Landuse and hydrological characteristics changes has caused an economic loss (opportunity cost) among the HEPPs and DWCs. The amount of the opportunity cost due to environmentaldegradation of upper Citarum watershed suffered by the HEPPs was as high as Rp 43.44 billion (equivalent with Rp 9,538,- MWh-1 electricity or Rp 3.29 m-3 water used by HEPP). Whereas economic lost suffered by DWC were Rp 212.43,- m-3 (Purwakarta DWC) and Rp 821.48 m-3 (Jakarta DWC) respectively. Based on significant economic loss caused byenvironmental degradation of the upper Citarum watershed on HEPP and DWC, the efforts for controlling landuse allocation and soil conservation seem very necessarily, by assigning permanent forest cover area. The amount as reflected by opportunity cost could be used as environmental investment for improving environmental quality (replacement cost) in the upper Citarum watershed.

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