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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Articles 257 Documents
Emisi CO2 dan CH4 dan Konsentrasi Asam-Asam Fenolat di Bawah Pengaruh Beberapa Perlakuan Pestisida di Lahan Sawah Gambut Pasang Surut Maulia A. Susanti; Supiandi Sabiham; Syaiful Anwar; Dadang Dadang; Irsal Las
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 38, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v38n2.2014.95-100

Abstract

Dominant Soil Characteristics that Effect on Available K at Smectitic Soils DEDI NURSYAMSI; K. IDRIS; SUPIYANDI SABIHAM; AGUS SOFYAN
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

Research aimed to study dominant soil characteristics that effect on available K of smectitic soils were conducted in Laboratory of Research and Soil Test, Indonesian Soil Research Institute. The soil characteristics that has been analised were soil texture (pipette), organic-C (Kjeldahl), and CEC (NH4OAc); mineralogical analyses of clay fraction (X-Ray Diffraction); K fractionation: soil soluble-K (0.0002 M CaCl2), exchangeable-K (NH4OAc), and total-K (HNO3+HClO4); and potassium sorption. The results showed that the content of soil soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and total-K was in order of Vertisols > Alfisols > Inceptisols. The percentage of soil K fraction of the soils, however, was in order of soluble-K < exchangeable-K < non-exchangeable-K. Although the soils had high content in total K but most of them were in nonexchangeable form, thus they were not available for plant growth. Soil K buffering capacity and maximum sorption were in order of Vertisols > Alfisols > Inceptisols. The bond energy constant of Vertisols, however, was similar with that of Alfisols but it was about twice with that of Inceptisols. Soil clay, organic-C, and CEC affected the availability of soil K significantly (P > 0.95). Smectite contributed significantly (P > 0.95) to soil negative charge so that it held an important role in controlling soil K buffering capacity and maximum sorption. To increase the efficiency of K fertilizer, plant species that can produce organic acid exudated from roots in high quantity can be developed in smectitic soils. The use of Na, NH4, and Fe cations need also to be considered for K management in the soils as well.
The Characteristic of Soil Developed from Felsic Sediments in West Kalimantan Province and Its Implication to Land Manageme NATA SUHARTA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 25 (2007): Juli 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n25.2007.%p

Abstract

Reconnaisance soil survey at 1:250.000 scale in West Kalimantan Province has been done covering 5.5 billion hectare. Result show that parent material governs formed soil properties. This research aimed to discuss soil properties developed from felsic sediment parent material in West Kalimantan Province and its implication to land management. As much as 100 pedons from felsic sediment parent material has been investigate in the field and in the laboratory for particle size distribution and chemical properties. Results show that particle size distribution or soil texture depend on parent material (sandstone, siltstone or claystone). Developed soil show acid soil reaction, ion organic material, ion P and K, ion exchangeable bases, ion base saturation, variable cation exchange capacity. Meanwhile, Al saturation is high and correlate positively with clay content. Soil properties that influence land management are particle size distribution and chemical properties. Land management showed be directed to increase soil pH, to decrease Al reactivity, to increase soil P and K, organic matter and exchangeable bases.
Analisis Karakteristik Kekeringan Lahan Padi Sawah di Wilayah Utara Provinsi Jawa Barat Mamenun Mamenun; Trinah Wati
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 43, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v43n1.2019.43-57

Abstract

Abstrak. Kejadian kekeringan di Indonesia disebabkan karena menurunnya curah hujan dalam jangka waktu lama dan sering dipicu oleh kejadian El Niño. Curah hujan pada tahun El Niño dapat menurun 150-200 mm/bulan yang berimplikasi pada penurunan produksi pangan. Kondisi iklim, karakteristik kekeringan, dan korelasi karakteristik kekeringan terhadap luas lahan padi sawah terkena kekeringan dan gagal panen (puso) telah dianalisis di wilayah utara Provinsi Jawa Barat menggunakan indeks presipitasi terstandarisasi (SPI/Standardized Precipitation Index). Data curah hujan bulanan periode 1987 – 2017 dari 30 pos hujan digunakan untuk menghitung SPI3 dan SPI6 serta turunannya. Hasil interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) untuk mengisi data kosong <10% menunjukkan terdapat korelasi 0,6 hingga 0,96 antara hasil interpolasi dengan observasi. Wilayah utara Provinsi Jawa Barat mempunyai pola hujan monsun dengan tipe iklim Oldeman didominasi tipe C3 dan D3. Berdasarkan indeks SPI3 dan SPI6, jumlah kejadian kekeringan tertinggi masing-masing mencapai 18 dan 15 kejadian, durasi kekeringan terpanjang selama 14 bulan dan 22 bulan, tingkat keparahan kekeringan terkuat mencapai 28,9 dan 34,50 dan intensitas tertinggi 2,90 dan 2,53. Karakteristik kekeringan tersebut didominasi pos hujan di Kab. Indramayu dan Majalengka yang terjadi pada periode El-Niño kuat (1997/1998 dan 2015/2016). Korelasi positif antara durasi, tingkat keparahan, intensitas kekeringan terhadap lahan terkena kekeringan dan puso terdapat di sebagian besar pos hujan utara Jawa Barat dengan korelasi bervariasi hingga 0,77 pada SPI3 dan hingga 0,86 pada SPI6. Karakteristik kekeringan untuk lahan padi sawah, diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam sistem monitoring dan peringatan dini kekeringan serta risiko bencana untuk mencegah gagal panen dan kerugian yang lebih besar.Abstract. Drought occurance in Indonesia is caused by long time decrease of rainfall and triggered by El Niño events. El Niño could reduced rainfall up to 150-200 mm/month and have implications to decreased food production. Climate condition, drought characteristics, and correlation between drought characteristics and the affected paddy field area as well as crop failure (puso) have been analysed for the northern part of West Java province using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Monthly rainfall data in 1987-2017 period from 30 selected rainfall stations were used to calculate SPI3 and SPI6 and its derivatives. The interpolation result of Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) to fill out <10% empty data showed correlation of 0,6 to 0,96 between observation and interpolated data. The northern part of West Java province has a monsoonal rainfall pattern with Oldeman climate type dominated by C3 and D3. Based on SPI3 and SPI6, the highest drought event reached 18 and 15 events, the longest drought duration were 14 and 22 months, the strongest drought severity reached 28,9 and 34,50, and the highest drought intensity were 2,90 and 2,53. Those drought characteristics are dominated by rainfall stations in Indramayu and Majalengka district that occurred in strong El-Niño period. Positive correlation between duration, severity, intensity and affected area and puso varied in magnitude up to 0,77 on SPI3 and up to 0,86 on SPI6. The drought characteristics for paddy field can be used for drought risk assessment and drought early warning to prevent crop failures and losses.
Extinction Coefficient and Production of Bushy Pepper at Several Radiation Levels E. SURMAINI; R. HIDAYATI; . TRIWIDIATNO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Extinction coefficient (k) described as plant capability to intercept solar radiation, furthermore determined energy conversion to dry matter. Pepper is C3 crop that have tolerance to shading. With knowing of optimal radiation level to growth and production can used to plan the cultivation and itsdevelopment. Research purposed to know extinction coefficient and optimal radiation level for production of bushy pepper. Experiment held on July-November 1997 on Research Installation of Research Institute of Spice and Medicinal Crop in Sukamulya, Sukabumi, West Java with 350 m above sea level and soil type is Alfisols. Research used spIit plot design with 3 replicates and 20 plants per plot. Main plot were radiation levels i.e 100, 75 and 50%. Sub plot were variety of bushy pepper i.e Petaling-1, Petaling-2 and Bengkayang. The highest k of three varieties was on 50% radiation level equals 243.2 cal/cm2/day that is 0.82 for Petaling-1, 0.78 for Petaling-2 and 0.89 for Bengkayang. When higher radiation received k value will be decrease. Bushy pepper that tolerance to low radiation, increasing k value able to increase plant production. The highest dried seed production of three varieties were on 50% radiation level, i.e 98.5 g/plant on Petaling-1, 82.6 g/plant on Petaling-2 and 91.6 g/plant on Bengkayang.
Point of Zero Charge Determination and the Inluence of P, Basic Slag, Organic Matter and Lime Applications on Colloidal Charge and Quality of Oxisols MARKUS ANDA; ANTONIUS KASNO; WIWIK HARTATIK; . SULAEMAN; J. SRI ADININGSIH
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

The colloidal charge manipulation of highly weathered soils using point of zero charge (PZC or pHo) approach is important in improving soil chemical properties. The objective of this study was to determine the PZC and manipulate colloidal charge surfaces of Oxisols in order to increase their quality. PZC was determined by adjusting pH values from 3 to 7 using potentiometric titration. The change of colloidal surface charges was measured using two extractants; NH4-acetat pH 7 and NH4Cl. A glass house experiment was carried out using 4.5 kg soil/pot. Soil was taken from Sonay, South East Sulawesi and from Sitiung, West Sumatra. Soil was taken from surface layer (0-20 cm) and subsurface layer (20-40 cm) for each location. Four factors consisted of P fertilizer, basic slag, organic matter and lime were used to manipulate colloidal surface charge. The treatment rates were 100, 200 and 400 ppm P for P fertilizer; 2, 4 and 8 t/ha for basic slag; 10, 20 and 40 t/ha for organic matter; 1.5, 3 and 6 t/ha for lime, and a complete control. All 13 treatments with three replications, were arranged using a randomized complete block design in which each layer of two Oxisols is used as a block. The results showed that values of PZC for a surface layer of Sonay Oxisol (OSY) and for surface and subsurface layers of Sitiung Oxisol (OSG) are similar, i.e, pHo was 3.5. In addition, the PZC value for the subsurface layer of OSY occurs at pH 5 which is the highest pHo value compared to three other layers. The PZC value of OSY, at a surface layer is higher than its soil pH value (5.0 vs 4.4) suggesting that colloidal surfaces bear a positive charge. In contrast, the PZC values for the surface layer of OSY and surface and subsurface layers of OSG were lower than their soil pH values, indicating the colloidal surfaces bear a negative charge. Application of P, basic slag, organic matter, and lime was able to manipulate colloidal charge surfaces having positive charges become negative and that the low negative charge of colloidal surfaces become more negative as evidenced from the increase cation exchange capacity (measured in NH4Cl) compared to a control treatment. Application of P, basic slag,organic matter, and lime could increased quality of Oxisols as shown by decreasing K leaching and by increased soybean yields, which drastically increased compared to a control treatment.
Pemodelan Banjir dan Analisis Kerugian Akibat Bencana Banjir di DAS Citarum Hulu Sisi Febriyanti Muin; Rizaldi Boer; Yuli Suharnoto
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 39, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v39n2.2015.75-84

Abstract

Sediment and Nutrient Mobility in Terraced Paddy Fields under Traditional Irrigation System . SUKRISTIYONUBOWO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 28 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n28.2008.%p

Abstract

Sediment and nutrient mobility in terraced paddy fields under traditional irrigation system have been investigated in Keji Village, the Semarang District during the Wet Season 2003-2004. The aims were to evaluate the incoming and outgoing sediment and nutrient during rice growth cycle and to study the mobility of sediment and nutrient in the wet season. The treatments included Farmer Practices, Farmer Practices + Rice Straw, Improved Technology, and Improved Technology + Rice Straw. The discharge of irrigation water during puddling was the greatest varying between 2.55 ± 1.23 and 3.10 ± 0.55 l second-1, while during the vegetative phase was the lowest ranging from 0.33 ± 0.15 to 0.54 ± 0.15 l second-1. At the generative stage was about 1.38 ± 0.28 to 1.60 ± 0.06 l second-1. Furthermore, the discharge of suspended sediment during puddling varied between 0.89 ± 0.20 and 1.31 ± 0.34 l second-1, while atvegetative phase was the lowest ranging from 0.21 ± 0.07 to 0.78 ± 0.52 l second-1. At generative stage was about 1.13 ± 0.06 to 1.32 ± 0.09 l second-1. Only during the puddling that the incoming sediment was lower than outgoing sediment. The total amount of deposited sediment varied between 647 and 1,589 kg ha-1 season-1 from the total incoming sediment of 2,715 to 5,521 kg ha-1 season-1. In contrast, the incoming dissolved nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) was trapped in the paddy field areas, varying between 7.20 and 13.62 kg N; 0.13 and0.20 kg P; and from 7.25 to 13.42 kg K ha-1 season-1. There were no significantly different among treatments, both for sediment and nutrient deposited. These results demonstrate that terraced paddy field system is not only place for producing rice, but also providing an environmental services, like nutrient and sediment conserving.
Ketersediaan Nitrogen dan Populasi Bakteri Tanah di bawah Pengaruh Pemupukan pada System of Rice Intensification (Nitrogen Availability and Soil Bacteria Population under Fertilization Treatments in the System of Rice Intensification) Nurul Istiqomah; Tanya Naomi Indarto; Virgus Amien Nugroho; Cahyo Prayogo
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 41, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v41n2.2017.81-90

Abstract

Abstrak. Sistem tanam SRI merupakan teknik untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi dengan pengairan berselang . Kondisi aerobik menstimulasi aktivitas mikroorganisme di dalam tanah dan meningkatkan ketersediaan nutrisi terutama Nitrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pupuk N, P dan K dan pupuk hayati pada sistem SRI terhadap status mineral N dan populasi bakteri tanah yang terlibat dalam dinamika Nitrogen. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2015 sampai dengan Maret 2016 di Kepanjen-Malang, Jawa Timur dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada 0 dan 100 Hari Setelah Tanam (HST) pada kedalaman 0-20 cm dan 20-40 cm. Parameter tanah yang terukur meliputi pH, organik-C, mineral N (NH4+ dan NO3-). Bakteri tanah diidentifikasi dengan metode lempeng hitung (spread plate) untuk memperkirakan populasi mereka. Analisis varian (ANOVA) digunakan dan diikutiuji Duncan pada tingkat 5% seiring dengan analisis korelasi dan regresi. Analisis Multivariat Canonical (CVA) digunakan untuk mengelompokkan perlakuan berdasarkan parameter yang terpilih. Sistem budidaya SRI dengan penggunaan pupuk hayati dapat meningkatkan kandungan NO3- dari 5,08 menjadi 62,5 mg kg-1 (ppm) dan populasi bakteri dari 4, 3 x 108 menjadi 10,55 x 109 cfu g-1, pada kedalaman tanah 0-20 cm. Pola yang sama juga terlihat pada kandungan NH4+ yang meningkat dari 3,78 menjadi 17,87 mg kg-1. Secara umum, konsentrasi N mineral pada kedalaman 0-20 cm lebih rendah daripada kedalaman 20-40 cm. Analisis CVA menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tanpa aplikasi NPK dan tanpa biofertilizer terkelompokkan secara nyata, berbeda dengan perlakuan lainnya berdasarkan nilai pH tanah, organik-C, dan mineral N (NH4+ and NO3-). Perlakuan terbaik adalah kombinasi NPK (15-15-15) sebesar 300 kg ha-1, pemakaian Urea 100 kg ha-1 dan penggunaan pupuk hayati sebanyak 10 l ha-1 yang menghasilkan gabah sebanyak 8,42 t ha-1. Abstract. The obstacles that caused the declining of rice production is due to reduction on soil fertility status. Various efforts were made to increase the production such as intensification and expansion in rice farming system. SRI cropping systems is alternative technique for improving soil productivity following maintaining water uses under aerobic condition which exagerated the raising of microorganisms activities in soil and improving the availability of nutrients particularly nitrogen status. This study was aimed to examine the impact of SRI system on mineral N status along with population of soil bacteria which involving in nitrogen dynamic. The research was conducted in October 2015-March 2016 in Kepanjeng-Malang using Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Soil sampling was conducted at 0 and 100 Day After Planting (DAP) collecting at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Measured soil parameter  was including pH, organic-C, mineral N (NH4+ and NO3-). Soil bacteria is identified using plate count method (spread plate) for estimating their population. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used followed by Duncan test at 5% level along with correlation and regression analisis. Multivariate Analysis (CVA) was employed for clustering the treatment based on selected parameters. The results showed that the SRI cultivation system can increase the mineral N at the level of 14.09 ppm compared to their initial value, amounting to 57.48 ppm of Nitrate and bacterial population at the level of 6.25 x 108 cfu g-1. The best tratment was found under the combination of NPK (15-15-15) and biofertilizer yielded at 8.42 t ha-1. Multivariate analysis results indicates that P0 treatment significantly different with treatment P1, P2, and P3. However, the treatment of P1 were not significantly different P3.
Solubility of Rock Phosphate and SP-36 in Peat Soils Amended with Mineral Soil WIWIK HARTATIK; K IDRIS
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 27 (2008): Juli 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n27.2008.%p

Abstract

Rock phosphates application on peat soil has a good prospect because of its high solubility in acid condition. However, the study of the solubility of rock phosphate in peat soils is still limited. This study aimed to quantify the solubility of rock phosphate and the effects of some sources of rock phosphates and SP-36 in the peat soils, taken from South Sumatera amended with mineral soil. The study was conducted in the laboratory ofIndonesian Soil Research Institute, in Bogor. The study consisted of two activities: 1) study on the solubility of some rock phosphates (Marocco, Christmas, and Ciamis) in peat soils. For this study a 100 g of oven dried (105oC) peat soil for each treatment was used for this study. The treatments were eleven levels of P i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, and 150 ppm P applied to dried peat soils. The treated peat soils werethen incubated for 2 weeks before analyses of soluble P was conducted. The molybdat blue method was used to analyze the samples at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the incubation. 2) The second study i.e. the application of some rock phosphates or SP-36 on the peat soils amended with mineral soils, four levels of P (25, 50, 74, and 100% of P sorption) plus partial and complete control treatments have been replicated twice. Two hundred grams of oven dried peat soils (105oC) amended with mineral soils at 7,5% maximum Fe sorption, incubated for four weeks, and then soluble P was analyzed using molybdat blue at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after incubation. The results showed that the order of rock phosphates solubility in peat soils was Marocco> Ciamis>Christmas. The solubility of P in peat soils amended with mineral soil and rock phosphates gave similarresults as rock phosphate was in the order of SP-36>Marocco>Ciamis> Christmas. Soluble P increased up to 8 weeks of incubation, and then decreased. The effect of soil mineral ameliorant and some rock phosphates application of soluble P at 12 weeks after the incubation around 15.7-34.2 ppm P. Rock phosphates that has high reactivity gave a high Psolubility on peat soils so it that can be used as P sources in the peat soil.