Conservative Dentistry Journal
Journal of conservative dentistry accepts original manuscripts in the field of Endodontic other related subjects articles, including research, case reports and literature reviews. The spread of fields include: Endodontic research; Preventive, curative and rehabilitative related to endodontic field; Oral health education and promotion related to endodontic field; Endodontic and restorative clinical research; Basic sciences related to endodontic field; Endodontic healthcare management
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<![CDATA[Antibacterial potency of mangosteen pericarp extracts (Garcinia mangostana L.) against Fusobacterium nucleatum ]]>
<![CDATA[Nia Pramais Octaviani]]>;
<![CDATA[Latief Mooduto]]>;
<![CDATA[Achmad Sudirman]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.44-47
<![CDATA[Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common bacterial in root canal with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. A way to eliminate these bacteria from root canal is by root canal irrigation. Root canal irrigation materials that are widely used nowadays has many shortcomings. The pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) has antibacterial potency. Therefore mangosteen pericarp can be an alternative material which could inhibit and bactericidal function to Fusobacterium nucleatum. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial potency of mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia Mangostana L.) against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental with pos-test only control group design. A microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration by colony counting bacteriae in Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) media with drop plate technique. Growth of bacterial colonies in TSA is calculated manually in colony forming unit (CFU/ml). Results: Bacterial colonies growth at concentration 0.78% was 90% less than positive control group and there were no bacterial colonies growth at concentration 0.975%. Conclusion: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of mangosteen pericarp against Fusobacterium nucleatum was at 0,78% concentration and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was at 0.975% concentration.]]>
<![CDATA[Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Kunarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Aulia Ramadhani]]>;
<![CDATA[Laskmiari Setyowati]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.48-50
<![CDATA[Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE-PROPOLIS ON THE NUMBER OF MACROFAG CELLS ON THE WISTAR RAT DENTAL WITH PULPA PERFORMANCE ]]>
<![CDATA[Setyabudi Setyabudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Devi Eka Juniarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ira Widjiastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Maughfirah Shintya Fathori]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.58-61
<![CDATA[Background: Cellular response of dental pulp to existing lesions, caused by infiltration of inflammatory cells that migrate from blood vessels to the site of injury. Macrophages are the cells that most appear when inflammation occurs. Treatment for maintaining pulp tissue vitality is called pulp capping. Calcium hydroxide as a pulp capping material has the ability to trigger the growth of dentin bridges or remineralization, but calcium hydroxide can induce migration and proliferation of inflammatory cells. Currently the field of dentistry is developing propolis as an alternative pulp capping material. That is because propolis has anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To analyze the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide-propolis on the number of macrophage cells in the teeth of wistar rats with pulp perforation. Method: This study used 30 samples of Wistar rats which were preparated until perforation and then divided into 3 groups. The first group continued with filling with cention, the second group continued with application of calcium hydroxide and filled with cention, and the third group continued with the application of combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis and then being filledwithcention. Macrophage cell is calculated histopathologically by using compound light microscope on the 3rd day with 400x magnification. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences in macrophages after the combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis (p = 0,000). The combined application of calcium hydroxide and propolis showed higher macrophages than the application of calcium hydroxide and the control group. Conclusion: Application of calcium hydroxide - propolis combination was proven increase the number of macrophage cells in Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) with pulp perforation]]>
<![CDATA[The Difference of Irrigant Solution between Red Pine Extract (Pinus densiflora) and Green Pine Extract (Pinus merkusii) Against Cleanliness of Root Canal Walls ]]>
<![CDATA[Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Setyabudi Setyabudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukaton Sukaton]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuline Krishartini]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.62-65
<![CDATA[Background: Smear layer is an accumulation of organic material, debris, and inorganic material in root canal wall. Irrigant solution must be able to eliminate organic and inorganic materials. Herbal extract such as pine contain saponins that can dissolve organic and inorganic materials. Korea is a country that has used pine in this case red pine as an antibacterial medicament. In Indonesia, there are also green pine species. Purpose: To explain the differences in cleanliness of the root canals after irrigation using extracts of red pine (Pinus densiflora) and green pine (Pinus merkusii). Methods: This study used twenty-seven mandibular premolar teeth which were divided into 3 groups each group consisted of 9 premolar teeth. All samples were prepared using ProTaper for Hand Use and irrigated. Group I was irrigated using 2.5% NaOCl, group II was irrigated with red pine extract, and group III was irrigated using green pine extract. Tooth that has been prepared, were cut vertically into 2 and cut horizontally in 1/3 apical section. The root canal surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Photomicrograph was observed by three observers using a score and performed an analysis test. Results: There were no difference between red pine (Pinus densiflora) and green pine (Pinus merkusii) in root canal cleanliness with a significance value of 0.169 (p> 0.05) Conclusion: Red pine extract had the same smear layer cleaning power as green pine extract.]]>
<![CDATA[One visit endodontic on asymtomatic mummificated mandibular molar ]]>
<![CDATA[Sholeh Ardjanggi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Tamara Yuanita]]>;
<![CDATA[Eric Priyo Prasetyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.80-82
<![CDATA[Background. The main goal of root canal treatment is the prevention or treatment of apical periodontitis, which leads to the preservation of natural teeth. Traditionally, root canal treatment is carried out in a number of visits, using extra disinfecting agents in addition to irrigant used during cleaning and shaping procedures that primarily aim to reduce or eliminate microorganisms and their byproducts. from the root canal system before it is obtained. Recent advances in Endodontic technology, attracting dental experts and endodontists to perform root canal treatment in one visit. Numerous studies evaluate the effectiveness of single-versus multiple-appointment root canal treatment have been published, which reported no significant differences in effectiveness (healing rates) between these two treatment regimens.Purpose : preservation of the integrity of the molar teeth that have symptomatic complaints by taking proper care with a short visit time. Caset: A 21-year-old woman presents with concern in her lower left tooth, the patient tells that the tooth had been treated before at the dentist when she was a child. On clinical examination there is a composite restoration in occlusal tooth # 36, non vital teeth. On periapical radiology there are radiopaque on pulp chamber and a diffuse radiolucent area in the apical area of tooth # 36, then the diagnosis then determined Previously initiated therapy with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Case Management : Tooth # 36 treated with one visit root canal treatment, Treatment is continued with fiber post installation and crown, patients no longer complain of pain after treatment. Teeth function normally again. Conclusion: One visit root canal treatment can successfully eliminate patient complaints and restore tooth function.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF COMBINATION CALCIUM HYDROXIDE-PROPOLIS APPLICATION TO AMOUNT OF NEUTROFIL CELLS ON WISTAR RAT PULP PERFORATION ]]>
<![CDATA[Ira Widjiastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Setyabudi Setyabudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nia Nur Haliza]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.66-70
<![CDATA[Background: Pulp inflammation can be treated with pulp capping by calcium hydroxide as the gold standard. Pulp capping by calcium hydroxide could causing tissue necrosis followed by inflammation. Calcium hydroxide combined with propolis which have anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of the Nf-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. That process will inhibit the increase of vascular permeability and neutrophil chemotaxis. Inflammatory process can accelerate by controlling the amount of neutrophil cells as a acute phase marker, so the healing process occurs more quickly. Therefore it is necessary to study the amount of neutrophil cells in the pulp perforation of Wistar rats after applicated by combination of calcium hydroxide-propolis. Purpose: To analyze the difference amount of neutrophil cells on the Wistar rats pulp perforation after applicated by calcium hydroxide-propolis combination compared with calcium hydroxide-aquadest Method: M1 tooth perforated for all groups with three types tratment: no medication (control group), calcium hydroxide-aquadest 1: 1 (P-1 group), and calcium hydroxide-propolis 1: 1.5 (P-2 group) and closed with cention. Observations were made on the 1st, and 3rd day with HE staining. Results: One Way ANOVA shown a significant difference (p <0.05) of the average amount of neutrophil cells between all treatment groups on 1st day (p=0,000) and 3rd day (p=0,000). The amount of neutrophil cells in the calcium hydroxide-propolis (P-2) combination group was lower than control group and calcium hydroxide-aquadest (P-1) group on the 1st and 3rd day. Conclusion: The amount of neutrophil cells after application of calcium hydroxide-propolis is lower than calcium hydroxide-aquadest application.]]>
<![CDATA[The Antibacterial Potential of Tannin from Mangosteen pericarp Extract against Lactobacillus casei ]]>
<![CDATA[Bandaru Rahmatari]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Subiwahjudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Cecilia G.J. Lunardhi]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.51-53
<![CDATA[Background: Deep dentinal caries cannot defect the vitality of dental pulp. The microbial populations involved in dental caries are known to be highly complex and variable. Lactobacillus casei is one of the most common carious dentine bacteria. Tannin contained in mangosteen pericarp extract is known to have an antibacterial potency. Purpose. This study aims to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of tannin from mangosteen pericarp extract against Lactobacillus casei. Method. This study is an experimental laboratory with a post-test only control group design. Tannin from mangosteen was extracted by 96% ethanol. Lactobacillus casei was diluted into several concentrations using the serial dilution method in the Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) medium and inserted in several reaction tubes. Every reaction tube was incubated for 24 hours. After being incubated, each concentration was taken and swabbed into Mueller Hinton in the petri dish. Then, every petri dish was incubated for 24 hours and colonies' growth was counted manually in the Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Result. Bacterial colonies' growth at a concentration of 1.56% was 90% less than the positive control group and there was no bacterial colonies growth at the concentration of 3.12%. Conclusion. Tanin from mangosteen pericarp extract has an antibacterial effect against Lactobacillus casei. The MIC of tannin from mangosteen pericarp extract against Lactobacillus casei was at 1.56% and MBC was at 3.12%.]]>
<![CDATA[DIFFERENCES IN SURFACE HARDNESS OF BOVINE ENAMEL AFTER EXPOSURE OF THEOBROMINE, ALKALOID COCOA POD EXTRACT AND ACIDULATED PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE ]]>
<![CDATA[Tamara Yuanita]]>;
<![CDATA[Nanik Zubaidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Jesica Ceren]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.71-74
<![CDATA[Background: Acid diet could process demineralization on enamel surface. Process remineralization needed to prevent caries occurrence. The excessive fluorine usage could induce adverse side effects, therefore the development of natural resources such as theobromine and alkaloid cocoa extract as a remineralization is needed. Purpose: To discover the differences of bovine teeth enamel surface hardness after exposure to theobromine, alkaloid cocoa pod extract and acidulated phosphate fluoride. Method: Twenty-eight tooth crowns of bovine insisivus cut into the shape of the square then planted on the resin mold round shape and divided into four groups. The control group without treatment, the group I was exposed APF, the group II was exposed 1000 mg/L alkaloid cocoa pod extract, group III was exposed 200 mg/L Theobromine 200 mg/L. Surface hardness measured using Wolpert Wilson Vickers Microhardness Tool. Results: The group of theobromine produces the highest enamel surface hardness. The enamel surface hardness in alkaloid group of cocoa pod extract was higher compared to the APF group and the control group. Conclusion: The hardness surface of bovine tooth enamel after exposure to theobromine and alkaloid cocoa pod extract is harder than exposure to acidulated phosphate fluoride.]]>
<![CDATA[Cytotoxicity test of 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) and 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells ]]>
<![CDATA[Afin Aslihatul Ummah]]>;
<![CDATA[Laksmiari Setyowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ketut Suardita]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.54-57
<![CDATA[Background. Chlorhexidine gluconate is one of endodontic irrigants that has excellence capability to penetrate into dentin tubules and kill the pathogenic bacteria there. On the other hand, chlorhexidine gluconate has side effects to cause allergic reactions of the tissue and discoloration of the teeth. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp can be considered as a natural alternative irrigant that usually has a good tolerance to the body. Purpose. The aim of this study compared the cytotoxicity between 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp and 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Methods. This study used experimental post-test only control group design. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp preliminary cytotoxicity tested in various concentrations. Xanthone from mangosteen pericarp classified as a non-toxic concentration at 0,78%. Cytotoxicity of 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp compare with cytotoxicity of 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate using MTT assay method. Cytotoxicity of material can be seen from % of cell viability. Viable cell measured by the result of optical density that read by ELISA reader 620 nm. Result. 0,78% xanthone from mangosteen pericarp showed lower cytotoxicity than 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21fibroblast cells. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the study groups (P<0,05). Conclusion. 0,78% xanthone from mangosten pericarp showed lower cytotoxicity than 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate toward BHK-21 fibroblast cells.]]>
<![CDATA[The inhibitory efficacy of flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia Mangostana Linn.) against Lactobacillus Acidophilus biofilm bacteria ]]>
<![CDATA[Dyah Utari Wahyu Ningrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Karlina Samadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Widya Saraswati]]>
<![CDATA[ Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): July-December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.75-79
<![CDATA[Background: Lactobacillus takes role in the formation of dental plaque which is the main factor that cause dental caries. The bacteria take role in the metabolism of glucose in the mouth, producing organic acids which lower the pH in the oral cavity. This situation can lead to the formation of dental caries because these bacteria can form biofilm as a defense of microorganisms to antibiotics and the immune response. Mangosteen peel has active ingredients such as flavonoid that can be used to inhibit biofilm. The ability of flavonoid compounds in the phenol group can make the bacterial enzyme becomes inactive, causing the activity of glucosyltransferase enzyme that usually used by bacteria to synthesize sucrose in the medium becomes glucan. As a result, bacterial biofilm formation is inhibited because the amount of glucan as a medium of bacterial attachment is limited, but until now the effectivity dose of flavonoid from mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is has not known yet Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory efficacy of flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract against the formation of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterial biofilm. Methods: Bacteria that had been formed into biofilms was studied in two times treatment, one concentration reviewed by flavonoid from mangosteen peel extract and without reviewed by flavonoid from mangosteen peel extract. The treatment group was incubated at 37°C until day 8 since the first day incubated. The treatment group was washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 4 times and dried. The treatment group stained with 0.2 ml 0.1% crystal violet and 15 min incubation. The treatment group was rinsed with distilled water 3 times and then dried. Solvent DMSO 100% was added as much as 0.1 ml in each well. Microtiter plate was shaken for 1 minute and then placed in to the microplate reader and then the OD (Optical Density) can be read. Results: There were significant differences between the inhibitory efficacy of flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract against Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm bacteria, the control group and group treatments (p <0.05). Conclusion: Flavonoid of mangosteen peel extract with the concentration of 0.78% had inhibitory effect against Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm bacteria]]>
