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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Health, Science, Education, Agriculture, Art, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English. Academia Open is an open access journal publishing scientifically accurate and valuable research across life, physical, social, and medical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,464 Documents
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The Impact of Superior Leadership on Organizational Conflict Management: An Exploratory Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Departments in Baghdad International Airport: Pengaruh Kepemimpinan yang Unggul terhadap Pengelolaan Konflik Organisasi: Studi Eksploratif terhadap Pendapat Sejumlah Departemen di Bandara Internasional Baghdad Wanas, Nawrs Kamil
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13936

Abstract

General Background: Leadership plays a central role in shaping organizational behavior and fostering innovation in dynamic work environments. Specific Background: Super-leadership and conflict management are increasingly recognized as critical factors in promoting a culture of innovation within organizations. Knowledge Gap: However, the interaction between super-leadership, conflict management, and organizational innovation has not been sufficiently examined in an integrated framework. Aims: This study aims to analyze the relationship between super-leadership and organizational innovation and to examine the role of conflict management in this relationship. Results: The findings indicate that super-leadership is positively associated with organizational innovation, while conflict management contributes to strengthening this relationship through effective handling of workplace disagreements. Novelty: The study provides an integrated perspective by linking leadership style and conflict management as complementary factors in fostering innovation. Implications: The results highlight the importance of leadership approaches that empower employees and manage conflict constructively to support organizational innovation and performance. Keywords: Super Leadership, Conflict Management, Organizational Innovation, Leadership Style, Workplace Dynamics Key Findings Highlights Leadership approach centered on empowerment supports innovative behavior Conflict handling mechanisms contribute to constructive organizational outcomes Combined variables provide a structured view of workplace dynamics
Empirical vs. Evidence-Based: Evaluating the Alignment of Initial Antibiotic Therapy with Local Antibiogram Data Hulyal, Rasool Chaloob
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13937

Abstract

General Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents a major global health challenge requiring alignment of empiric antibiotic therapy with local susceptibility data. Specific Background: In clinical practice, variability persists between empiric prescribing and antibiogram-based expectations despite stewardship recommendations. Knowledge Gap: Real-world evidence on the degree of concordance and its association with clinical outcomes in hospital settings remains limited. Aims: This study evaluated concordance between initial empiric antibiotic therapy and local antibiogram data and examined outcomes associated with discordant therapy. Results: Among 512 patients, overall concordance was 64.8%, while 35.2% received discordant therapy. Concordance was highest in urinary tract infections (76.2%) and lowest in pneumonia (52.9%), and was reduced in intensive care settings (54.8%) compared with medical wards (71.3%). Gram-negative pathogens predominated, with Escherichia coli (37.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.5%) most frequent. Independent predictors of resistance included prior antibiotic exposure, hospital-acquired infection, and intensive care admission. Discordant therapy was associated with longer hospitalization (11 vs 7 days) and higher antibiotic escalation rates (46% vs 18%), with a non-significant increase in mortality. Novelty: This study integrates antibiogram concordance analysis with clinical outcomes and identifies healthcare-associated predictors within a single cohort. Implications: Strengthening integration of local antibiograms into empiric prescribing pathways may support optimized antibiotic use and address antimicrobial resistance. Highlights:• One-Third of Initial Treatments Did Not Match Susceptibility Expectations.• Critical Care and Respiratory Cases Showed Lowest Alignment Rates.• Mismatch Linked to Longer Stays and Higher Treatment Escalation. Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance, Empiric Antibiotic Therapy, Antibiogram, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Clinical Outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence in the Advancement of Education in Iraq: A Theoretical Analytical Study of Systemic Readiness and Structural Constraints Mahmood, Sanaa Hikmat Hasan
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13941

Abstract

General Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly positioned as a transformative driver in modern education through adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring, automated assessment, and data-driven decision-making. Specific Background: Despite global advancements, AI integration in developing and post-conflict education systems such as Iraq remains constrained by infrastructural, institutional, and governance limitations. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of a comprehensive analytical framework assessing systemic readiness and structural barriers to AI adoption within the Iraqi educational context. Aims: This study aims to examine AI applications in education, evaluate systemic readiness factors, identify implementation constraints, and propose a strategic adoption framework. Results: The analysis identifies four primary domains of AI application: personalized learning, automated assessment, teacher support, and institutional decision-making, while highlighting critical barriers including unstable electricity, limited broadband access, overcrowded classrooms, insufficient digital infrastructure, and low teacher digital competence, alongside ethical risks such as algorithmic bias and data privacy concerns. Novelty: The study offers a context-specific theoretical synthesis integrating global AI trends with Iraq’s systemic conditions through a readiness-based analytical lens. Implications: Findings suggest that sustainable AI integration requires phased implementation focusing on infrastructure development, policy alignment, teacher training, and ethical governance to support educational modernization without exacerbating inequality. Highlights:• Identifies Four Functional Domains of AI Application in National Schooling Systems• Reveals Infrastructure Instability and Skill Gaps as Primary Adoption Barriers• Proposes Phased National Strategy Integrating Policy, Capacity, and Governance Keywords: Artificial Intelligence In Education, Iraqi Education System, Digital Infrastructure, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Educational Technology Policy.
Creative Marketing: A Review Article Ahmed, Saja Hussein
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13942

Abstract

General Background: Creative marketing represents a contemporary approach in modern marketing characterized by innovation, differentiation, and unconventional strategies in dynamic business environments. Specific Background: The growing complexity of markets and increased customer awareness have positioned creative marketing as a strategic process integrating product, pricing, promotion, and distribution innovations to create value and sustain competitiveness. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive discussion in the literature, the concept of creative marketing remains ambiguous due to multiple definitions and the lack of a unified conceptual framework. Aims: This article aims to systematically review previous literature, clarify the concept, identify theoretical foundations, and present an integrated framework of creative marketing dimensions and principles. Results: The study reveals that creative marketing encompasses all elements of the marketing mix and relies on organizational culture, cognitive flexibility, and innovative thinking to generate value and support adaptability in complex environments. Novelty: The article provides a structured synthesis that consolidates fragmented perspectives into a comprehensive conceptual understanding of creative marketing. Implications: The findings offer a theoretical reference for researchers and decision-makers to adopt creative marketing strategies, support organizational adaptability, and guide future research development in marketing theory and practice. Highlights:• Integrates Diverse Perspectives Into a Unified Conceptual Structure• Emphasizes Role of Organizational Culture and Flexible Thinking• Identifies Multidimensional Components Across Marketing Activities Keywords: Creative Marketing, Marketing Innovation, Conceptual Framework, Marketing Strategy, Organizational Adaptability.
Synthesis and Characterization of PMMA-PS Blend with Various Bi₂O₃ Nanoparticle Additives: Structural, Optical, Electrical, and Biological Properties Abd Ulkadhem, Nooralhuda J.; Al-khaykanee, Mohsin K.; Rasheed, Maher Hassan; Kadhim, Qasim Shakir
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13944

Abstract

General Background: Polymer-based nanocomposites have attracted significant attention due to their multifunctional properties and broad applicability in advanced materials science. Specific Background: Blending polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) with bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) nanoparticles provides a promising route to develop materials with combined structural, optical, electrical, and biological functionalities. Knowledge Gap: However, systematic understanding of how varying Bi₂O₃ nanoparticle concentrations affect the multifunctional properties of PMMA-PS nanocomposites remains limited. Aims: This study aims to synthesize PMMA-PS/Bi₂O₃ nanocomposite films with different nanoparticle loadings (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) and evaluate their structural, optical, electrical, and antibacterial characteristics. Results: The findings reveal uniform dispersion of Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles, reduced optical bandgap from 2.9 to 2.6 eV, increased refractive index, and improved DC electrical conductivity due to enhanced charge carrier mobility. Additionally, nanocomposites containing 5 wt% Bi₂O₃ exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Novelty: This work demonstrates a comprehensive correlation between nanoparticle concentration and multifunctional performance in PMMA-PS/Bi₂O₃ nanocomposites. Implications: The developed materials show potential for applications in optoelectronic devices, humidity sensing, biomedical technologies, and environmental systems. Highlights: • Uniform Nanoparticle Dispersion Confirmed by Structural and Morphological Characterization• Optical Bandgap Reduction Accompanied by Refractive Index Increase• Highest Nanoparticle Loading Exhibits Strong Antibacterial Performance Keywords: PMMA PS Bi2O3 Nanocomposites, Optical Bandgap, Electrical Conductivity, Antibacterial Activity, Polymer Blends.
World Islamic Bank Market Toymuratovich, Azimov Obidjon
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13945

Abstract

General Background The global Islamic banking market has emerged as a rapidly expanding segment within the international financial system, characterized by interest-free financing, risk-sharing mechanisms, and asset-backed transactions. Specific Background Over the past decade, Islamic finance has experienced significant growth, supported by increasing asset volumes, institutional development, and broader geographic participation across regions such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive reporting on asset growth and regional distribution, there remains a need for integrated analysis linking growth trends, regional concentration, and future development drivers within the global Islamic banking system. Aims This study aims to analyze the size, growth rate, and regional distribution of Islamic banking assets based on recent global financial reports. Results Findings indicate that global Islamic finance assets reached approximately USD 6 trillion, with USD 4.32 trillion attributed to Islamic banking, growing at 10.6%, primarily concentrated in MENA and GCC regions, while Southeast Asia and Africa demonstrate emerging growth potential. Novelty The study provides a consolidated perspective combining asset distribution, regional dynamics, and future sectoral trends including digital banking, sukuk markets, and sustainable finance instruments. Implications These findings suggest that Islamic banking will continue to expand globally, with diversification beyond traditional regions and increasing integration into sustainable and digital financial systems, contributing to broader financial inclusion and stability. Highlights:• Global Asset Volume Reaches USD 4.32 Trillion With Sustained Double-Digit Expansion• Regional Concentration Dominated by Middle East and Gulf Economies With Emerging Asian Markets• Future Development Driven by Digital Banking Systems and Sukuk-Based Financial Instruments Keywords: Islamic Banking Market, Islamic Finance Assets, Sukuk Market, Digital Banking, Financial Growth.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Surgical Infections Isakov, Shuxrat; Jafarov, Khasan; Zakhidov, Erkin; Imomov, Mukhibjon; Aymurzaevich , Berdimuratov Temurbek; Bayzhigitova, Sadat
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13948

Abstract

General Background: The global rise of antibiotic resistance has become a critical challenge in modern medicine, contributing to increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and economic burden. Specific Background: Antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently associated with nosocomial infections in postoperative patients. Knowledge Gap: The declining efficacy of conventional antibacterial drugs necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial strategies. Aims: This study aimed to improve strategies for controlling antibiotic-resistant microorganisms through the application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using methylene blue. Results: In vitro findings demonstrated that methylene blue and laser irradiation (632 nm) applied independently showed no antimicrobial activity, whereas their combined application produced a pronounced bactericidal effect. The highest inhibition zones were observed for Acinetobacter spp. (up to 40 ± 1.6 mm), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and MRSA. Novelty: The study highlights the strong antimicrobial potential of methylene blue–mediated photodynamic therapy against a broad spectrum of resistant microorganisms. Implications: This approach represents a promising alternative method for the treatment and prevention of infectious complications in surgical practice, particularly in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Highlights:• Combined Light and Photosensitizer Application Produces Strong Bactericidal Activity• Highest Microbial Inhibition Observed in Acinetobacter Species Cultures• Broad-Spectrum Action Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Resistant Pathogens Keywords: Photodynamic Therapy, Antibiotic Resistance, Methylene Blue, Nosocomial Infections, Surgical Infections.
Prevention of Postoperative Purulent-Inflammatory Complications Using Photodynamic Therapy in Strangulated Hernias Jafarov, Khasan; Askarov , Tohir; Isakov , Shuxrat; Zakhidov, Erkin; Imomov, Mukhibjon; Sabirova , Arzayim; Jambulov, Ansatbay
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13949

Abstract

General Background: Postoperative infectious complications remain a major challenge in abdominal surgery, particularly in cases of strangulated abdominal hernias where microbial contamination of the surgical field frequently occurs. Specific Background: Photodynamic therapy using photosensitizers and light activation has been proposed as an antimicrobial approach, while methylene blue represents an accessible and low-cost photosensitizer that can be activated by LED irradiation. Knowledge Gap: Despite its potential advantages, the clinical and microbiological role of methylene-blue–mediated photodynamic therapy in preventing postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications in strangulated hernia surgery has not been sufficiently investigated. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological characteristics of hernial sac infections and assess the preventive potential of intraoperative photodynamic therapy using methylene blue and LED irradiation. Results: A comparative clinical study of 225 patients showed that hernial sac infections were predominantly polymicrobial, with Escherichia coli (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (28%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6%) being the most common pathogens. Combined photodynamic treatment reduced microbial contamination from 10⁴ CFU/ml to 10² CFU/ml and lowered postoperative complications from 16.3% in the control group to 6.3% in the treated group, while also shortening hospital stay from 10.0 ± 0.67 days to 7.3 ± 0.77 days. Novelty: The study demonstrates the clinical and microbiological benefits of intraoperative photodynamic sanitation using methylene blue and LED light in strangulated hernia surgery. Implications: The findings support the use of accessible photodynamic techniques as a practical strategy for reducing postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications and improving surgical outcomes. Highlights:• Significant Decrease in Bacterial Contamination After Intraoperative Photodynamic Sanitation• Lower Frequency of Postoperative Purulent-Inflammatory Events in Treated Patients• Shorter Hospitalization Period Following Methylene-Blue–Based Photodynamic Treatment Keywords: Photodynamic Therapy, Strangulated Hernia, Methylene Blue, Surgical Site Infection, Postoperative Complications.
Green Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Potato Peel Extract and Investigation of Their Structural and Morphological Properties: Sintesis Ramah Lingkungan Partikel Nano Oksida Titanium Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Kentang serta Kajian Sifat Struktur dan Morfologinya AlHusseini, Ahmed Naser Hussein
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13950

Abstract

General Background: Nanotechnology offers advanced approaches for developing functional materials with unique physicochemical properties. Specific Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely studied due to their stability, non-toxicity, and applicability in photocatalysis and environmental remediation. Knowledge Gap: Conventional synthesis methods often involve toxic chemicals and energy-intensive processes, creating a need for sustainable alternatives. Aims: This study aims to synthesize TiO₂ nanoparticles using potato peel extract through a green sol-gel method and to investigate their structural and morphological properties. Results: X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of phase-pure anatase TiO₂ with a tetragonal structure and an average crystallite size of 22.687 nm. FTIR analysis verified Ti–O–Ti bonding and surface hydroxyl groups, while FE-SEM revealed near-spherical morphology with slight agglomeration. EDX analysis demonstrated high chemical purity and homogeneous elemental distribution of titanium and oxygen. Novelty: The study utilizes potato peel waste as a biogenic reducing and stabilizing agent, contributing to sustainable nanomaterial synthesis. Implications: The obtained nanoparticles exhibit properties suitable for applications in photocatalysis, environmental remediation, and biomedical fields, supporting the development of eco-friendly nanomaterial production strategies. Keywords: Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, Potato Peel Extract, Structural Characterization, Nanomaterials Key Findings Highlights Phase-pure anatase structure confirmed through diffraction analysis Biogenic route produced nanoscale particles with uniform composition Surface functional groups support catalytic application potential
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Extract: Structural and Morphological Characterization: Sintesis Ramah Lingkungan Partikel Nano Oksida Magnesium Menggunakan Ekstrak Terong (Solanum melongena): Karakterisasi Struktur dan Morfologi Sharhan, Hiyam Raheem
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13951

Abstract

General Background: Nanotechnology enables the design of advanced materials with unique physicochemical properties at the nanoscale. Specific Background: Magnesium oxide nanoparticles are widely studied due to their high stability, biocompatibility, and applicability in catalysis, environmental remediation, and antimicrobial systems. Knowledge Gap: Conventional synthesis methods often involve toxic chemicals and complex processing, while systematic studies using eggplant extract remain limited. Aims: This study aims to synthesize MgO nanoparticles using aqueous eggplant extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent and to evaluate their structural and morphological properties. Results: XRD confirmed phase-pure cubic MgO with a rock salt structure and an average crystallite size of 18.56 nm. FESEM analysis showed quasi-spherical morphology with an average particle size of 23.14 nm, while EDX verified stoichiometric Mg and O composition with high purity. FTIR identified characteristic Mg–O vibrations and residual phytochemical functional groups. Novelty: The study demonstrates the use of eggplant extract as a sustainable bio-resource for producing well-crystallized MgO nanoparticles. Implications: The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit nanoscale dimensions and structural purity suitable for applications in catalysis, environmental remediation, and antimicrobial systems. Keywords: Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis, Eggplant Extract, Structural Characterization, Nanomaterials Key Findings Highlights Phase-pure cubic structure verified through diffraction analysis Biogenic synthesis produced uniform nanoscale morphology Elemental composition confirms high chemical purity

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