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Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
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Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Majapahit 666 B, Sidoarjo, East Java Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25989928     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler
Core Subject : Economy, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review (IJLER) is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo four times a year. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics concerning Law and Economics. IJLER is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 719 Documents
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Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Pemidanaan Anak Pelaku Narkotika: Judicial Reasoning in Sentencing Juvenile Narcotics Offenders Dhea Aulia; Lelisari Lelisari; Muhammad Khoirul Ritonga
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i2.1499

Abstract

General Background: Narcotics crimes constitute a serious legal and social problem that threatens public health and the future of younger generations, including children who are increasingly involved in such offenses. Specific Background: Indonesian criminal law regulates narcotics offenses through Law Number 35 of 2009 and provides special protection for children under Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, requiring judges to consider both juridical and non-juridical aspects. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have specifically examined judicial considerations in individual court decisions involving juvenile narcotics offenders, particularly in balancing punitive legal provisions with child protection principles. Aims: This study aims to analyze the judicial considerations in Decision Number 14/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN Rap and assess their conformity with narcotics law and juvenile justice principles. Results: The findings indicate that judges based their decision on valid legal evidence, including witness testimony, defendant statements, and forensic results, while also considering the child’s social background, resulting in a sentence of 3 years and 8 months imprisonment in a juvenile facility and 3 months of job training. Novelty: The study demonstrates a combined application of juridical proof and social considerations in judicial reasoning within juvenile narcotics cases. Implications: The findings underline the need for balanced sentencing that integrates legal accountability with rehabilitation and child protection within the juvenile justice system. Highlights• Legal assessment incorporates evidentiary proof and forensic examination in case determination• Social background factors such as family conditions are considered in sentencing decisions• Sanction includes custodial placement and vocational program within juvenile institution KeywordsJuvenile Justice; Narcotics Crime; Judicial Reasoning; Criminal Liability; Child Protection
E Commerce Dispute Trends Before and After COVID 19: Tren Sengketa E-Commerce Sebelum dan Sesudah COVID-19 Hardian Sembellagusto; Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1530

Abstract

General Background E-commerce transactions have rapidly expanded in Indonesia, transforming traditional buying and selling into digital interactions that offer efficiency and accessibility. Specific Background The rise of online transactions has been accompanied by increasing consumer disputes, particularly related to fraud, delivery delays, and product discrepancies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies compare dispute patterns across pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods while considering legal awareness among business actors. Aims This study aims to analyze the development and types of e-commerce disputes and examine their changes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The findings indicate that although e-commerce usage and transaction volume significantly increased during and after the pandemic, dispute cases decreased due to improved seller awareness, transparency, and service quality. Novelty This study highlights the inverse relationship between transaction growth and dispute reduction by emphasizing the role of business ethics and legal compliance. Implications The results suggest that strengthening legal implementation and promoting awareness among consumers and business actors are essential to ensuring sustainable consumer protection in digital commerce environments. Keywords: E-commerce, Consumer Protection, Legal Disputes, COVID-19, Digital Transactions Key Findings Highlights Dispute cases declined despite significant growth in online transactions Seller transparency and service quality contributed to reduced conflicts Legal awareness played a central role in maintaining consumer trust
Joint Sale Scheme for Credit Settlement After POJK 48: Skema Penjualan Bersama untuk Pelunasan Kredit Pasca POJK 48 Mohammad Wildan Habibi; Sri Budi Purwaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1531

Abstract

General Background Credit settlement plays a crucial role in maintaining financial system stability, especially when non-performing loans increase during economic disruptions. Specific Background Following the COVID-19 pandemic, banks implemented restructuring policies under POJK No. 48 of 2020, including alternative settlement mechanisms such as the Joint Sale and Purchase scheme at Bank X. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies examine the legal status and practical implementation of this scheme in post-restructuring credit settlement. Aims This study aims to analyze the special policy of Joint Sale and Purchase and its legal consequences for debtors in resolving non-performing loans at Bank X. Results The findings show that the scheme allows debtors to sell collateral independently within a specified period, ensuring optimal asset value while maintaining creditor rights, and if unsuccessful, the bank proceeds with auction or cessie mechanisms. Novelty This study highlights the structured integration of restructuring policies with non-litigation credit settlement through a collaborative asset disposal mechanism. Implications The results suggest that this scheme provides a practical legal framework for balancing debtor flexibility and creditor protection in post-pandemic credit management. Keywords: Credit Settlement, Joint Sale Scheme, Bank Policy, Non Performing Loan, POJK 48 Key Findings Highlights Debtors are given a limited period to dispose collateral independently Settlement prioritizes principal repayment before other obligations Follow-up actions include auction or cessie after deadline
Notarial Deed Cancellation and Legal Liability in Civil Disputes: Pembatalan Akta Notaris dan Tanggung Jawab Hukum dalam Sengketa Perdata Fahira Safa Chairunnisa; Noor Fatimah Mediawati
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1532

Abstract

General Background Notarial deeds serve as authentic legal instruments with strong evidentiary value in civil law systems. Specific Background In practice, notarial deeds may be challenged and annulled by courts, raising questions regarding their legal validity and the responsibility of notaries. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies analyze the legal consequences of deed cancellation and the extent of notary liability based on judicial decisions. Aims This study aims to examine the legal status of canceled notarial deeds and analyze the responsibility of notaries in relation to such annulments. Results The findings indicate that a notarial deed may lose its authenticity and evidentiary strength when annulled by court decisions, and notaries may bear legal responsibility if procedural or substantive errors are proven. Novelty This study highlights the relationship between judicial annulment and the degradation of evidentiary value in notarial deeds within civil disputes. Implications The results suggest the importance of strict compliance with legal procedures and professional standards to prevent disputes and ensure legal certainty in notarial practice. Keywords: Notarial Deed, Legal Liability, Civil Dispute, Authentic Evidence, Deed Cancellation Key Findings Highlights Court rulings may reduce evidentiary strength of authentic documents Liability arises when procedural errors are identified Legal certainty depends on compliance with formal requirements
Personal Data Protection in Banking Cybersecurity Breach Cases: Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Kasus Pelanggaran Keamanan Siber di Sektor Perbankan Angelina Septiani Zaroh; Sri Budi Purwaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1533

Abstract

General Background The rapid digitalization of banking services has increased the risk of cyber threats and unauthorized access to personal data. Specific Background Several cases of data breaches in Indonesian banking institutions highlight vulnerabilities in safeguarding customer information and raise concerns regarding legal protection mechanisms. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies analyze the legal responsibility of banks and the adequacy of personal data protection regulations in addressing such breaches. Aims This study aims to examine the legal framework governing personal data protection and analyze the accountability of banking institutions in cases of data breaches. Results The findings indicate that although regulations such as the Personal Data Protection Law provide a legal basis, challenges remain in enforcement and implementation, particularly in ensuring accountability and compensation for affected customers. Novelty This study emphasizes the relationship between cybersecurity incidents and legal liability within the Indonesian banking sector. Implications The results suggest the need for stronger regulatory enforcement and improved institutional compliance to ensure better protection of customer data in digital banking environments. Keywords: Personal Data, Banking Security, Cybercrime, Legal Protection, Data Breach Key Findings Highlights Cyber incidents reveal weaknesses in institutional safeguards Regulatory provisions exist but enforcement remains limited Customer rights require stronger legal assurance
Courier Legal Relations and Delivery Performance in Shopee Logistics: Hubungan Hukum Kurir dan Kinerja Pengiriman di Shopee Logistics Bima Dwi Yoga Kresnanda; Sri Budi Purwaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1534

Abstract

General Background The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the importance of logistics services in ensuring efficient product delivery. Specific Background Shopee Express operates as a delivery service that connects sellers and consumers, where courier performance plays a crucial role in achieving delivery targets. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies examine the legal relationship between couriers and warehouse management, particularly regarding delivery performance and transparency in package handover processes. Aims This study aims to analyze the legal relationship between couriers and the Sidoarjo 2 Hub warehouse and its relation to delivery achievement. Results The findings indicate that the legal relationship is governed through a vendor partnership agreement that regulates rights and obligations, where courier discipline affects delivery speed and accuracy, while lack of transparency in package handover may lead to operational risks. Novelty This study highlights the role of transparency in package distribution alongside contractual legal relationships in logistics operations. Implications The results suggest the need for improved operational procedures and clearer legal arrangements to ensure accountability and reduce delivery-related disputes. Keywords: Courier, Legal Relationship, Delivery Performance, E-commerce Logistics, Partnership Agreement Key Findings Highlights Contractual arrangements define operational responsibilities Work discipline shapes service consistency in distribution Package handling procedures reveal operational vulnerabilities
The Preventive Role of Criminal Law in Preventing Communal Violence in Post-Conflict Societies Dr.Batool Ibrahim Abdulrahman; Dr. Aseen Ahmed Fakhri
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i2.1535

Abstract

General Background: Communal violence remains a major threat to stability and sustainable peace in post-conflict societies, where unresolved identity-based grievances persist despite the cessation of armed conflict. Specific Background: Criminal law, traditionally punitive, is increasingly conceptualized as a preventive mechanism aimed at deterring collective violence, criminalizing incitement, and reinforcing individual accountability within fragile post-conflict environments. Knowledge Gap: There is a disconnection between the theoretical preventive capacity of criminal law and the practical limitations arising from weak institutions, selective enforcement, and tensions with transitional justice mechanisms. Aims: This study examines how criminal law contributes to the prevention of communal violence and identifies the structural and institutional constraints that limit its preventive capacity. Results: The findings indicate that criminal law can establish normative boundaries, deter violence through punishment, and promote individualized responsibility; however, its preventive function is conditional upon institutional independence, procedural fairness, legal certainty, and public trust, while being undermined by institutional fragility, lack of legitimacy, and competing transitional justice priorities. Novelty: The study integrates doctrinal and interdisciplinary perspectives to position criminal law as both a normative and institutional preventive tool within post-conflict governance. Implications: Criminal law should be incorporated into broader peace-building strategies that combine accountability, reconciliation, and institutional strengthening to reduce the recurrence of communal violence and support long-term rule of law. Highlights:• Establishes legal boundaries distinguishing collective violence from lawful expression• Demonstrates conditional deterrence dependent on institutional credibility and fairness• Identifies structural barriers including weak enforcement and legitimacy deficits Keywords: Criminal Law, Communal Violence, Post Conflict Societies, Preventive Justice, Rule Of Law
The Impact of Strategic Renewal on Achieving the Resilience of Service Projects: An Analytical Study in the Najaf Governorate Investment Authority Muntaha Manate Hashim
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i2.1536

Abstract

General Background: Rapid environmental changes in developing economies require organizations to adopt adaptive strategies to sustain service project performance. Specific Background: This study examines strategic renewal, comprising content, context, and process dimensions, in relation to service project resilience, including structural, operational, and strategic resilience, within the Najaf Governorate Investment Authority. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have largely emphasized industrial sectors, with limited analytical focus on the linkage between strategic renewal and resilience in service projects, particularly in the Iraqi context. Aims: The research aims to analyze the relationship between strategic renewal and service project resilience and to evaluate how renewal dimensions relate to resilience dimensions. Results: Using a descriptive-analytical approach with SPSS and SmartPLS on data from 85 respondents, the findings indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between strategic renewal and service project resilience, with varying contributions across dimensions and an explanatory power reaching 66.3% of variance. Novelty: The study presents an integrated analytical model linking multidimensional strategic renewal with resilience dimensions in service projects within a real institutional setting. Implications: The findings support the adoption of periodic renewal of investment portfolios, strengthening partnerships with private and community sectors, and transitioning toward a strategic partnership role to sustain resilient service projects. Highlights:• Strategic renewal dimensions show significant positive relationships with resilience dimensions• Analytical model explains substantial variance in service project adaptability• Institutional recommendations emphasize portfolio renewal and partnership restructuring Keywords: Strategic Renewal, Service Project Resilience, Organizational Adaptation, Investment Authority, Structural Equation Modeling
The Role of Electronic Payment Systems in Supporting the Sustainable Development Path in Iraq Asst. Prof. Dr. Shaymaa Rasheed Mohaisen
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i2.1537

Abstract

General Background: Electronic payment systems are increasingly recognized as critical components of modern financial systems and pathways toward sustainable development. Specific Background: In Iraq, financial inclusion remains limited, with only 23% of adults holding formal bank accounts and approximately 90% of transactions conducted in cash, reflecting structural and institutional constraints. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing interest in digital finance, there is limited integrated analysis of how electronic payment adoption aligns with sustainable development objectives within Iraq’s post-conflict and recovery context. Aims: This study examines the adoption of electronic payment systems in Iraq and evaluates their role in advancing selected Sustainable Development Goals by analyzing financial infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and socio-economic barriers. Results: The findings reveal significant barriers including weak infrastructure, low institutional trust, socio-economic inequalities, and cultural preferences for cash, while also identifying pathways through which electronic payments can reduce transaction costs, support poverty reduction, improve gender inclusion, formalize economic activities, and strengthen governance. Novelty: The study provides a comprehensive assessment linking electronic payment systems with multiple development dimensions in a fragile economic context. Implications: The results suggest that coordinated interventions in infrastructure, regulation, and financial literacy are essential to expand digital financial services and support sustainable development trajectories in Iraq. Highlights:• Identifies structural and socio-economic barriers limiting digital financial access• Demonstrates links between digital transactions and poverty reduction pathways• Explains role of financial systems in governance transparency and inclusion Keywords: Electronic Payments, Financial Inclusion, Digital Finance, Sustainable Development, Iraq

Page 72 of 72 | Total Record : 719

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