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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007" : 8 Documents clear

The Homo floresiensis Controversy COLIN GROVES
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

A completely new and unexpected quasi human species, Homo floresiensis, nicknamed the Hobbit, was described in 2004 from Liang Bua, a cave in Flores. Like many important new contributions to the human fossil record in the past, many commentators refused to believe that a new species had been discovered, and the type specimen was interpreted as a pathological modern human, usually as a microcephalic dwarf. There is no substance to these claims: close analysis shows that Homo floresiensis is not only a genuinely new species, but that its closest affinities lie with Plio-Pleistocene African species such as Homo habilis, so that it documents an earlier dispersal of hominins from Africa and had hitherto been suspected. Key words: Flores Hobbit, Homo floresiensis, Homo erectus, Homo habilis, microcephaly

Nitrogen Resorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Agroforestry Systems Managed Differently in Central Sulawesi TRIADIATI TRIADIATI; SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO; EDI GUHARDJA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO; IBNUL QAYIM; CHRISTOPH LEUSCHNER
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Cacao agroforestry is a traditional form of agriculture practiced by the people of Central Sulawesi. These agroforestry systems vary from a simple system following selective cutting of forest trees, to a more sophisticated planting design. The cacao was planted under remaining forest covers (CF1), under planted trees (CF2), and between shade trees Gliricidia sepium (CP). The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrogen use efficiency (N NUE) and nitrogen resorption in cacao agroforestry systems. The N NUE at the ecosystem scale (N NUEES) for the cacao agroforestry systems were compared with the natural forest. The results showed that CP produced the highest litterfall and cacao foliar nitrogen. CP and CF1 produced litterfall and the nitrogen resorption that not were significantly different. In contrast, CF2 produced the lowest litterfall, hence required lower nitrogen supply. The nitrogen resorption of CF2 was less than that of CF1 and CP. However, N NUE in cacao plant (N NUEC) of CF2 was higher than that of the CP. The N NUEES of either CF1 or CF2 were similar to that of the natural forest, but higher than that of the CP. Using shade trees in cacao plantations increased foliar nitrogen concentration, nitrogen resorption, N NUEC and N NUEES; thus, might be one reason for a higher productivity of cacao in unshaded systems. Key words: cacao agroforestry system, cacao foliar nitrogen, nitrogen resorption, N NUE

Resistance of Abaca Somaclonal Variant Against Fusarium RULLY DYAH PURWATI; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate responses against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infection of abaca variants regenerated using four different methods, (ii) to determine initial root length and plant height effects on survival of inoculated abaca variants, and (iii) to identify Foc resistance abaca variants. In the previous experiment, four abaca variant lines were regenerated from (i) embryogenic calli (TC line), (ii) ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) treated embryogenic calli (EMS line), (iii) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on Foc culture filtrate (EMS+CF line), and (iv) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on fusaric acid (EMS+FA line). All abaca variants were grown in a glasshouse and inoculated with Banyuwangi isolate of Foc (Foc Bw). Initial root length (RL) and plant height (PH) of the abaca variants were recorded before inoculation, while scores of plant damage (SPD), and their survival were recorded at 60 days after inoculation (DAI). The results showed that the initial RL and PH did not affect survival of the tested abaca variants. Regardless of their initial RL and PH, susceptible abaca variants died before 60 DAI while resistance ones still survived. Abaca variants regenerated from single clump of embryogenic callus showed an array of responses against Foc Bw infection, indicating the existence of a mix cells population. The Foc Bw resistance abaca variants were successfully identified from four tested abaca variant lines, although with different frequencies. However, more Foc Bw resistance abaca plants were identified from EMS+CF line than the others. Using the developed procedures, 8 resistance abaca plants were identified from abaca cv. Tangongon and 12 from abaca cv. Sangihe-1. Key words: Fusarium wilts resistance, in vitro selection, culture filtrate, fusaric acid, EMS

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Regeneration Capacity of Mangosteen Nodular Callus WARID ALI QOSIM; ROEDHY PURWANTO; GULDOF ALBERT WATTIMENA; WITJAKSONO WITJAKSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The research was conducted to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on regeneration capacity of mangosteed nodular callus. Nodular calli derived from a leaf as explants and cultured on MS medium containing combination of 2.2 Ã‚ÂµM benzilaminopurin (BAP) and 2.27 Ã‚ÂµM tidiazuron (TDZ). Nodular calli were irradiated with 0 (control) 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gy doses of gamma irradiation. After the irradiation, the calli were generated on woody plant medium (WPM), supplemented with 1.39 Ã‚ÂµM polyvinilpirolidon (PVP), 8 g.l-1 agar, 30 g.l-1 sucrose and 2.2 Ã‚ÂµM BAP concentration. Results showed that the irradiation influence the plant regeneration. Response dose of 50% (RD) that could promote the nodular calli of shoot formation was the 25 Gy while that of the shoot number per nodular calli was the 21 Gy. The shoot number irradiated with total dose 5 Gy (9.1 shoot) was higher than that of 0 Gy (8.6 shoot). Key words: plant regeneration, irradiation gamma rays, mangosteen

Molecular Detection of Endophytic Bacteria on Plantlet Tissue of Sugarcane WIWIK EKO WIDAYATI; JOKO WIDADA; JOEDORO SOEDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Endophytic bacteria live in plant host tissues without causing any symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the indigenous endophytic bacteria on sugarcane plantlets produced from the young leaf cells by using tissue culture techniques. To detect the existence of endophytic bacteria in the plantlet tissue, a series of molecular method based on PCR were applied by using ribosomal intergenic spacer (RIS) primer followed by 16S rDNA partial sequence and single strand conformation polymorphism (SCCP). The results showed that the molecular method could detect the existence of bacteria in the tissues. Using the same methods, the bacteria were also found in other developmental stages of sugarcane (explants, differentiated tissues and callus). Key words: endophytic bacteria, PCR, RIS, 16S rDNA, SSCP

Biotransformation of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate into (-)-2R,3S-Dihydromyricetin by the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe sp. E Isolate Obtained from a Tea Plant ANDRIA AGUSTA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Endophytic fungi have been reported possess an interesting ability to mimic their host plant metabolites. Several fungi also show their specific capability to biotransform the chemical constituents of the host plant. The endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. E isolate obtained from young stem of a tea plant (Camellia sinensis) show their unique capability to biotransform (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate [(-)-EGCG] into a major product in glucose-peptone-yeast extract medium that incubated under dark condition at 27 oC for 48 h. The major biotransformation product were isolated and purified through column chromatography techniques using Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel. The chemical structure of the major product were elucidated as (-)-2R,3S-dihydromyricetin based on their IR, FAB-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. Key words: (-)-2R,3S-dihydromyricetin, (-)-EGCG, (-)-2R,3R,4R-leucodelphynidin, biotransformation, Diaporthe sp. E isolate, endophytic fungus, Camellia sinensis

Diversity of Pollinator Insects in Relation to Seed Set of Mustard (Brassica rapa L.: Cruciferae) TRI ATMOWIDI; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; SJAFRIDA MANUWOTO; BAMBANG SURYOBROTO; PURNAMA HIDAYAT
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Pollinators provide key services to both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural productivity depends, in part, on pollinator populations from adjacent seminatural habitats. Here we analysed the diversity of pollinator insects and its effect to seed set of mustard (Brassica rapa) planted in agricultural ecosystem near the Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java. At least 19 species of insects pollinated the mustard, and three species, i.e. Apis cerana, Ceratina sp., and Apis dorsata showed a high abundance. The higher abundance and species richness of pollinators occurred at 08.30-10.30 am and the diversity was related to the number of flowering plants. Insect pollinations increased the number of pods, seeds per pod, seed weights per plant, and seed germination. Key words: diversity, pollinator insects, social bees, solitary bees, seed set, Brassica rapa

Molecular Phylogeny of Giant Clams Based on Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome C Oxidase I Gene AGUS NURYANTO; DEDY DURYADI; DEDI SOEDHARMA; DIETMAR BLOHM
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

There is an uncertainty for the relationships among giant clam species of Tridacninae, in particular among species belongs to subgenus Chametrachea i.e. Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, and T. squamosa based on different genetic markers. This study examined the relationships among three species within subgenus Chametrachea compared to the previous studies. Neighbour Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood tree were constructed based on 455 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene from T. crocea, T. squamosa, T. maxima, T. gigas, and several sequences derived from Genbank for the outgroups. The results showed that giant clams formed a monophyletic group. Within Tridacna group, T. crocea was more closely related to T. squamosa than to T. maxima and they formed a monophyletic group. T. crocea and T. squamosa were sister taxa and sister group to T. maxima and T. gigas. Close affinity between T. crocea and T. squamosa was also supported by high similarity on nucleotide level (94.30%) and concordant with the results of the previous studies using mitochondrial 16S rRNA and nuclear 18S rRNA. Key words: phylogenetic relationships, Chametrachea, cytochrome c oxidase I

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