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INDONESIA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 19783019     EISSN : 20864094     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.
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Articles 1,116 Documents
 108   109   110   111   112 
Isolation, Identification and Optimization of Potential Keratinase Enzyme-Producing Bacteria from Poultry Soil: Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Keratinase-based Nanoparticles and Their Application in Plant Growth Promotion M. Jisha; Anitha Subash; Vidya Valsaraja; A. Shobana
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1030-1043

Abstract

Poultry farming produces large amounts of feather waste, which is hard to manage due to its tough keratin content and limited eco-friendly disposal methods. Keratin-degrading microorganisms offer a cost-effective and viable alternative for the management of feather waste compared to chemical treatment methods. The present study aimed to focus on the identification and optimisation of potential keratinolytic enzyme-producing bacteria from the poultry soil. Through a molecular identification method (16S rRNA), the potent bacterium was identified as belonging to the species Mesobacillus thioparans. The one variable at a time approach (OVAT) investigation revealed that a high level of keratinase activity was detected at pH 7.0, 40°C, with glucose as a better carbon source and yeast  as the preferred nitrogen source. Along with optimisation, we also demonstrated the beneficial use of the partially purified keratinase enzymes via synthesising zinc oxide-based nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and evaluating their potential as plant growth promoters. According to this study, keratinase-ZnO NPs considerably improved the physiological and biochemical properties of the plants compared to the control group. There were no significant variations of chlorophyll producing plants' however, significant variations were observed in the protein and carbohydrate concentrations in enzyme treated plants, recording protein content of 3.02±0.43 µg/g and carbohydrate of -9.8±1.01 µg/g), compared to the control plants (protein is 1.24±0.16 µg/g and carbohydrate -5.3±0.76 µg/g). This study sheds new light on the application of microbially derived keratinase enzyme-based NPs for plant growth promotion potential.
Unveiling Population Density and Distribution of Sun Bear using Unmarked Spatial Capture-Recapture and Occupancy Modeling in Bukit Barisan National Park, Indonesia Ulfah Anisah Shalihah; Dede Aulia Rahman; Riki Herliansyah; Rikha Aryanie Surya; Luhur Septiadi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1053-1061

Abstract

Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), the smallest bear species, is increasingly threatened in their Southeast Asian range. Despite their globally vulnerable status, studies on their density remain limited, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate sun bear density and occupancy in the Intensive Protection Zone of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park using camera-trap data collected between 2015 and 2022. Due to the inability to reliably identify individual bears from their markings, we employed an unmarked Spatial Capture-Recapture (SCR) approach within a Bayesian framework to estimate density. We found that sun bear density was estimated to be 9.0 individuals/100 km2 (95% CI = 4.5–16.7) in 2015, 5.5 individuals/100 km2 (95% CI = 2.3–10.8) in 2019, and 9.0 individuals/100 km2 (95% CI = 3.8–16.7) in 2022. The occupancy of sun bears was estimated to be 0.62 in 2015, 0.82 in 2019, and 0.66 in 2022. These results highlight the effectiveness of the unmarked SCR approach for unmarked species and provide essential baseline data for long-term monitoring. The findings emphasize the importance of continued protection and habitat management within the remaining protected area in southern Sumatra to safeguard this vulnerable species.
Mitochondrial D-Loop Analysis Reveals High Haplotype Diversity in the Belitung Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus saltator) Dea Ardinaya; Wahid Herlanda; Muharni; Laila Hanum; Arum Setiawan; Indra Yustian
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.962-973

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation from ongoing land clearing on Belitung Island poses a critical threat to Cephalopachus bancanus saltator, an endangered primate species endemic to the region. Comprehensive genetic data for this subspecies remain scarce, and this study aimed to assess its genetic diversity by analyzing mitochondrial Displacement Loop (D-loop) sequence variation. Ear tissue samples from six individuals were collected at two geographically distinct sites, Bukit Peramun and Batu Mentas. DNA extraction, amplification using DLTARPROF and DLTARBFR primers, and sequencing produced fragments ranging from 418 to 424 base pairs. Comparative BLAST analysis revealed sequence similarity of 88.12% to 89.76% with Tarsius bancanus (GenBank accession NC_002811.1). Haplotype diversity (Hd) reached 1.0 in both populations, indicating exceptionally high intraspecific variation. Pairwise genetic distances ranged from 0.0074 to 0.0370, while divergence from the outgroup species Carlito syrichta reached 0.1777. Phylogenetic reconstruction using the neighbor-joining method identified two distinct clades, with bootstrap support values ranging from 68% to 93%. The results indicate high haplotype diversity among the sampled individuals, likely attributable to the small sample size (n = 6) and the use of D-loop markers. These findings are preliminary and provide a baseline for future genetic studies. Safeguarding forest connectivity and reducing habitat loss are essential to preserve this high level of genetic diversity, which is critical for maintaining the long-term survival, adaptability, and evolutionary potential of this vulnerable primate.
Evaluation of the MicroRNA184 Levels in Women with Miscarriage Association with Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, and CMV Infections Sarah A. Mahmood; Salwa S. Muhsin; Rawah A. Faraj
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.889-893

Abstract

MiR-184 plays a significant regulatory role in immunity during pregnancy. Its dysregulation in toxoplasmosis and rubella infection is strongly associated with increased risk of abortion . Further clinical studies are needed to validate miR-184 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in pregnancy complications. One hundred specimens of blood were taken from the miscarriage ladies, with age ranges between 15 and 50 years, who were complaining of TORCH infections. The findings showed that the age range group (<20-29 years) was the highest at (59.0%), followed by (30-39 years) at (36.0%), and then (40-46 years) 5 (5.0%). Distribution of infections according to residency showed the patients that living in rural areas were higher 59 (59.0%) than those who lived in urban areas (41.0%), while the number and percentage of acute infections with rubella were higher 29 (29%) than toxoplasmosis (4.0%) in aborted women with TORCH infections. However, 4 (4.0%) of Toxoplasmosis was recorded compared to 0 (0.0%) CMV infection. The evaluation of IgM antibodies showed that Rubella IgM levels were higher at 29 (29.0%) in comparison to CMV IgM levels of 0 (0.0%). The number and percentage of rubella IgM levels among the age group (<20-29) were higher (18.0%) than in other age groups, while it was (9.0%) among the age group (30-39) years and 4 (4.0%) among Toxoplasmosis. Out of 100 patients, gene expression of MicroRNA-184 was done on 33 patients, and the results revealed that 10 (27.2%) of the aborted women were carriers of Toxoplasmosis, CMV, and Rubella IgM, and they had positive MicroRNA-184.
Diversity and Agronomic Performance of 20 Local Cowpea Cultivars (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Burkina Faso Pingawindé Sawadogo; Karidiatou Gnankambary; Benoit Teyioué Joseph Batieno; Minata Ilboudo; Astrid Ella Kabore; Soungalo Soulama
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1123-1135

Abstract

Vigna unguiculata is one of the main legumes consumed in Burkina Faso. Its genetic improvement requires a good understanding of the diversity of local cultivars. However, very little information exists on these local cultivars. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the diversity and agronomic performance of cowpea cultivars in Burkina Faso. The plant material studied consists of 20 cowpea cultivars, 17 of which are from the National Commission for Plant Genetic Resources Management (SP-CONAGREP) and three from the Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA). The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications. The experiment was conducted over two farming seasons in 2022 and 2023. The quantitative variables measured are related to phenology and yield. The results revealed cultivars with white flowers and violet flowers. For yield-related performance, the results showed that the Sanga and CSI01 cultivars were the most productive in terms of number of seeds per pod in 2022. Performance varies by cultivar and year and is influenced by climatic and environmental conditions. The DANPLA cultivar achieved the highest 100-seed weight in 2022 and 2023, at 17.03 g and 19.43 g, respectively. The structuring of the 20 cultivars in the collection resulted in four groups based on agronomic performance. Group I consists of early-cycle cultivars and is characterized by large seeds. These important traits can be exploited in breeding programs.
Enhancing Growth and Macronutrient Efficiency Through Rainfed Fertigation in Greenhouse Hydroponic Leafy Vegetables Sudirman Sirait; Herry Suhardiyanto; Satyanto Krido Saptomo; Liyantono
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1062-1073

Abstract

Reliability of hydroponic crop cultivation in greenhouses requires sustainable management of nutrients and water. Nutrient supply based on rainwater harvesting is a viable strategic practice for crop cultivation systems. However, further exploration of the effects on physiological responses and crop yields across various nutrient concentrations is important to improve usage efficiency. This study examined the impact of macronutrient deficiencies on the growth and yield of leafy vegetables using a rainwater-harvesting. Rainwater harvested from the greenhouse roof was fully utilized as a water source for the nutrient solution applied to the plants. Pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa) were cultivated hydroponically using the Nutrient Film Technique system under varying macronutrient concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%) based on a modified Hoagland standard solution. Additional treatment was applied as a macronutrient deficiency, adjusted to the macronutrient content of the harvested rainwater. The number of leaves, SPAD index, fresh weight, and nutrient status were measured for each treatment every three days after planting until harvest. Pak choi plants showed greater tolerance to low levels of macronutrient deficiency, whereas lettuce was only tolerant of low levels of potassium deficiency. Rainwater-based nutrient supply maintained the growth and yield of leafy vegetables without a significant difference compared to the control, while reducing macronutrient inputs by 0.21-24.02%. These results indicate that macronutrient concentrations can be lowered to enhance fertilizer use efficiency and prioritize economic benefits.
Solid-State Fermentation to Improve the Nutrient Value, Supplementation Level, and Digestibility of Palm Kernel Meals as Feed Ingredients for Red Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Siti Lusi Arum Sari; Triyanto Triyanto; Zuprizal Zuprizal; Irfan Dwidya Prijambada
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1044-1052

Abstract

This study investigated the potential of palm kernel meal (PKM) as a sustainable feed ingredient for red tilapia. Palm kernel meal is a byproduct of palm oil production, abundant in Indonesia. Like other plant-based feed ingredients, PKM contains a lot of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), making it difficult to digest, especially for monogastric animals. This study aimed to improve the nutritional value, digestibility, and dietary supplementation levels of PKM for red tilapia through solid-state fermentation (SSF). PKM was fermented using Paenibacillus polymyxa BR25, a fibrolytic bacterium isolated from the buffalo rumen. SSF enhanced the nutritional value of PKM, as indicated by an increase in dry matter, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, and ash. Essential amino acids, including threonine and methionine+cysteine, were also increased, accompanied by decreases in hemicellulose and cellulose, indicating effective NSP degradation. In addition, oleic acid and linoleic acid increased, providing essential fatty acids for fish health and development. Unfermented PKM negatively affected growth at inclusion levels up to 10%, whereas fermented PKM maintained growth performance at a 15% dietary inclusion. In addition, SSF significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter, protein, and lipid in tilapia, demonstrating its potential to enhance PKM utilization in aquafeeds.
Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Optimization of Pineapple Industrial Waste Conversion for Bioethanol Production Livia Rhea Alvita; Vida Elsyana; Rahmat Hidayat; Amelia Sri Rezki; Silvia Malum Padang; Rafli Rustiawan Jody
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1100-1111

Abstract

Pineapple peel waste has high potential as a bioethanol feedstock due to its abundant lignocellulosic content, although its utilization remains limited to compost and animal feed. This study aims to optimize the catalytic conversion of pineapple peel waste into bioethanol using a microwave-assisted system with homogeneous (HCl) and combined acid–zeolite catalysts. The process involved physical pretreatment, delignification using 1% NaOH and 2% Al₂O₃ (135 W, 40 min), catalytic hydrolysis, four-day fermentation, and distillation. Characterization using FTIR and SEM–EDX revealed significant chemical and morphological changes. Lignin content decreased from 30.98% to 14.36%, while cellulose and hemicellulose increased to 32.82% and 40.67%, respectively. Hydrolysis with 0.5 N HCl and zeolite for 45 minutes produced the highest reducing sugar concentration of 18.36 g/L and total dissolved solids of 4.05 °Brix. Two-way ANOVA analysis confirmed that catalyst concentration, hydrolysis time, and their interaction had a significant effect on reducing sugar yield (p<0.05). Fermentation produced 7.9% ethanol content (GC–MS) and 6.51% yield. Overall, the integration of microwave-assisted hydrolysis and acid–zeolite catalysis effectively enhanced lignocellulosic conversion efficiency, demonstrating a promising approach for sustainable bioethanol production.
Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in a Captive Malaysian Giant Turtle (Orlitia borneensis) Population: Implications for Conservation Breeding Andreas Bandang Hardian; Irhamna Putri Rahmawati; Josephine Vanda Tirtayani; Nathan Rusli; Berta Alviyanto; Randy Kusuma; Adwitiya Irene Kumaralalita; Danuja Widigdaya; Safira Kinanti Pribadi; Tania Salsabila Utari; Fitri Ekasari; Anastasia Cahyakusuma Wahyuningtyas; Rini Widayanti; Herdhanu Jayanto
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.974-991

Abstract

Generating genetically sustainable assurance colonies of critically endangered Malaysian giant turtles (Orlitia borneensis) for in situ genetic rescue and population reinforcement initiatives requires intensive exploration of genetic profiles, beyond merely providing  reproductive viable individuals. When a pedigree and history report are unavailable, a conservation breeding program requires additional genetic information to justify the individual's relatedness and prevent inbreeding and crossbreeding. We proposed a genetic-distance-based parental candidate determination using sequence analyses of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunits 8 and 6 (ATP86), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), cytochrome B (CytB), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4). Our study aimed to explore population structure, haplotypes, presumptive genetic localities, and potential genetic markers to determine individuals as parental stock. Our primers successfully amplified partial sequences of the aforementioned encoding genes. Sequence analyses and median-joining haplotype computation revealed potential geographic localities and haplotypes, indicating the presence of conserved populations of the Malaysian giant turtles in Malaysia and Indonesia. Moreover, there was evidence of the establishment of island-based localities in the Sumatra-Belitung cluster population. Our study suggested that more haplotypes and localities, based on Malaysian giant turtle genetics, need to be considered in the captive breeding program. These genetic diversities are pivotal as options and references for pairing parental stocks, helping to prevent heterosis and the loss of specific genetic traits within the Malaysian giant turtle population.
Investigation of Galactinol Synthase Genes in Plant Defense Mechanisms against Adverse Environmental Conditions in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Ngoc Thi Bich Chu; Ha Duc Chu; Phi Bang Cao; Cuong Ba Cao
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.878-888

Abstract

The galactinol synthase (GolS) and raffinose synthase (RS) play crucial roles in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which are involved in stress protection, carbohydrate transport, and fruit development in plants. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide identification and characterization of GolS and RS genes in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) and to investigate their responses to environmental and hormonal factors. Six CaGolS and seven CaRS genes were identified in the pepper genome. Structural analysis showed that CaGolS genes have relatively compact exon-intron arrangements, while CaRS genes possess more complex structures. Phylogenetic comparison with related species revealed strong evolutionary conservation within the Solanaceae group. Transcriptome analysis showed that CaGolS1, CaGolS2, CaGolS3, CaRS2, and CaRS7 were highly responsive to abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, salinity, and osmotic stress, as well as to hormonal treatments involving abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene. Several genes also showed differential expression during fruit development and ripening, indicating their contribution to sugar metabolism and stress adaptation during maturation. The results provide new insights into the GolS and RS gene families in hot pepper and identify potential gene targets for developing stress-tolerant and high-quality pepper cultivars.

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