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INDONESIA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 19783019     EISSN : 20864094     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,116 Documents
 108   109   110   111   112 
Phenetic Study of Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. in Thailand Nuchthongmuang, Wilaiwan; Petchsri, Sahanat; Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi; Sripinyowanich, Siriporn; Jongjitvimol, Touchkanin
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.3.657-668

Abstract

Pinwheel Jasmine (Tabernaemontana divaricata L.; Apocynaceae) is widely distributed across South Asia, Thailand, and southern China and exhibits substantial morphological variation. This variability has resulted in persistent taxonomic confusion, particularly in Thailand, where distinguishing among phenotypic forms and related taxa remains challenging. Accurate taxonomic delimitation is essential for botanical classification, horticultural applications, conservation, and the reliable identification of plant resources. This study examined the taxonomic status of Pinwheel Jasmine in Thailand using numerical taxonomic approaches, including cluster and discriminant analyses. A total of 40 morphological characters (20 quantitative and 20 qualitative) were assessed across 210 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing seven phenotypes. Both analyses consistently resolved the OTUs into two distinct groups: (1) T. divaricata ‘Ceylon Jasmine’ (Phud Supachok) and (2) other Pinwheel Jasmine forms. Five quantitative characters were identified as the most diagnostic: lamina length (LML), lamina width (LMW), corolla lobe length (CLL), distance from the corolla tube base to stamen attachment (DCS), and style length (STL). These traits exhibited exceptionally high F-values in K-means cluster analysis (404.11, 432.90, 327.54, 530.04, and 181.02, respectively; p<0.01), indicating strong discriminatory power. The results demonstrate that Phud Supachok is consistently and clearly morphologically distinct from other Pinwheel Jasmine forms. However, because this study is based solely on phenetic data, additional molecular evidence is required before definitive taxonomic conclusions can be made. Integrative studies combining molecular and morphological data are recommended to refine species delimitation within Tabernaemontana.
Larvicidal Activity and Midgut Histopathological Effects of Urena lobata Leaf Extract on Aedes aegypti Ngurah Intan Wiratmini; Ni Made Suartini; Firman Andani; Tiffany Angelita Putri Mileva; Ni Wayan Bogoriani; Made Pharmawati
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.894-903

Abstract

The use of chemical larvicides to control Aedes aegypti mosquito populations poses significant environmental risks. As an alternative, researchers are investigating plant-derived natural larvicides, which are biodegradable and safe for humans and non-target organisms. Urena lobata leaf extract has demonstrated biolarvicidal effect by causing larval mortality and morphological changes. This study evaluated the efficacy of U. lobata leaf extract against Ae. Aedes aegypti larvae, their effects on midgut histopathology, and their bioactive compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A post-test control design was implemented with extract concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 0% (control), each replicated six times using 20 larvae per treatment. Mortality of third-instar larvae increased with higher extract concentrations. The lethal concentration (LC50) of U. lobata extract is 0.5% with a 95% confidence interval of 0.484-0.566. Histopathological analysis revealed structural damage in the midgut, including epithelial disorganization, vacuolization, swelling, and detachment of epithelial cells, loss of microvilli, and an irregular peritrophic membrane. Semi-quantitative histopathological scoring indicated that the 0.7% extract produced the most severe alterations. The bioactive compounds identified in the extract include flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins. In conclusion, these findings indicate that U. lobata leaf extract exhibits potential larvicidal activity targeting the midgut of Ae. aegypti larvae.
Effect of Maternal Age on Androstenedione and Pregnenolone Levels and Relationship with Retrieved Oocytes in Iraqi Women Rusul Hashem; Nabaa Al-Nawab; Hala Baher; Farah Thamer Samawi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.992-1002

Abstract

Follicular fluid (FF) entails a substantial number of steroids produced by granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells, which are essential for developing oocytes. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how endogenous steroids in the FF change with advancing maternal age, which can affect oocyte maturation, subsequent embryo growth, and pregnancy outcomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Therefore, the aims of the present study are: (1) to examine the impact of maternal age on steroid (androstenedione A and pregnenolone P) levels in FF. (2) to test their association with IVF outcomes over age. (3) to assess whether these steroids are capable of forecasting pregnancy after IVF treatment. Forty women aged 36 to 47 are classified as the older group, and forty women aged 25 to 35 are classified as the younger group. The FF samples were drawn when the oocytes were picked up and steroidized. Steroid (A and P) levels were quantified using a Fa/Fs sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A significant decline in the two selected steroid levels was observed in FF from the older women compared with those from the younger women (P<0.05). Steroid levels were positively associated with retrieved oocytes over time (P<0.05). Still, they did not achieve statistical significance with cleaved embryos (P>0.05) and did not have a predictive effect on pregnancy. Older women may have declined steroids and perturbed granulosa/theca cells' steroidogenesis, which subsequently perturbs oocytes and ovarian function, proposing a pathophysiology for the reduction in female reproductive capacity.
Antibacterial Efficacy and Identification of Endophytic Fungal Isolates from Ocimum sanctum Leaves Mohd Taufiq Mat Jalil; Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja Yahya; Nurul Aili Zakaria; Kharul Azmi Muazzam Abdul Rahman; Syarifah Ab Rashid; Darah Ibrahim
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.927-944

Abstract

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has drastically limited effective treatment options, driving the search for novel antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ocimum sanctum leaves and identified potential candidates with strong antimicrobial effects. Antibacterial activity was assessed through primary (agar plug) and secondary (disk diffusion) screenings, followed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination using the broth microdilution method. Time-kill kinetics and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were further employed to evaluate the extracts’ effectiveness and mechanism of action. All Gram-positive bacteria tested were susceptible to the fungal extracts, while isolate OS-93 showed no activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In the disc diffusion assay, the fermentative broth ethyl acetate extract (FBEAE) of isolates OS-64 and OS-94, and the fungal biomass methanolic extract (FBME) of OS-64, exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, inhibiting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The broth microdilution test revealed bactericidal effects from the FBEAE of OS-93, OS-64, and OS-94, whereas FBME of all isolates showed bacteriostatic activity. Lower extract concentrations produced bacteriostatic effects, while higher concentrations were bactericidal. Time-kill assays confirmed that shorter exposure durations were sufficient to eliminate bacteria at higher extract concentrations. SEM analysis demonstrated morphological alterations, including cavities and cell disintegration, suggesting membrane rupture as the mode of action. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed isolate OS-64 as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. These findings highlight endophytic fungi from O. sanctum as promising sources of antibacterial compounds for combating MDR pathogens.
Comparative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Stingless Bee Honey from Wetland and Non-Wetland Vegetation Nanang Miftah Fajari; Siti Hamidah; Eko Suhartono; Agung Pranoto; David Sontani Perdanakusuma; Nuvita Hasrianti; Laily Agustina; Kevin Prasetya Raharjo
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1016-1029

Abstract

Stingless bee honey (SBH) produced by the stingless bee species Heterotrigona itama in South Kalimantan is a biologically active natural product with therapeutic potential. This study examines differences in bioactive compounds—molecules that affect living organisms—between SBH from wetland and non-wetland vegetation. The goal is to show how a terrestrial landscape influences functional properties. Using untargeted metabolomics, a technique for surveying many small molecules without preselection, via LC-HRMS (Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry), we identified 141 distinct metabolites (small molecules involved in metabolism), with 23 compounds present in all samples. These shared metabolites support the mitigation of obesity, wound healing, cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and gastrointestinal function. Hierarchical cluster analysis, a statistical method for grouping data, using retention time (the time a compound takes to pass through the system), area (the size of the signal on the detector), and molecular weight, revealed distinct compositional clusters between wetland- and non-wetland-derived SBH, suggesting vegetation type shapes metabolite profiles. Wetland SBH contained 198 compounds, while non-wetland samples had 193. These findings highlight how ecological origin modulates the bioactive compounds in SBH and influences their use in nutraceuticals (foods with health benefits) and functional foods. By establishing a metabolomic baseline for SBH, this work advances understanding of its region-specific health benefits and underscores the importance of ecosystem-conscious apiculture (beekeeping) in optimizing bioactive yield.
Unravelling Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community in Kaolin Post-Mining and Tropical Heath Forest Ecosystems in Belitung Regency, Indonesia Muhammad Hilman Aulia; Nampiah Sukarno; Rika Indri Astuti; Adi Yulandi; Kartini Kramadibrata; Sri Listiyowati
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.851-863

Abstract

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis plays a vital role in supporting plant growth in restored degraded land and natural forests. This study examined AM communities present within the root and the rhizosphere of kaolin post-mining land areas and tropical heath forests using both spore morphology and metagenomic approaches. Soil and plant root samples were collected from three distinct zones: the kaolin post-mining land, ecotone, and heath forest, and used to establish trap cultures with Pueraria javanica. Spore-based identification revealed nine AMF species belonging to five genera, with Acaulospora and Glomus being the most dominant. Metagenomic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences from colonized P. javanica roots revealed 33 AMF-associated Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), dominated by Glomus and Rhizophagus. Diversity indices indicated medium diversity levels across all sites, with the ecotone showing the highest evenness and species richness. Differences in AM communities between morphological and molecular approaches highlight the importance of integrating both methods to understand their diversity comprehensively. This baseline information contributes to the potential use of AMF as bio-restoration agents in the kaolin post-mining ecosystems. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AM communities in the kaolin post-mining land and tropical heath forest.
Intercorrelation among MOC1, MOC3, and TN1 Gene Expressions with the Architecture of Five Rice Genotypes Afridha Sari; Miftahul Huda Fendiyanto; M. Miftahudin
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.904-914

Abstract

Tillering is an important rice characteristic that determines the architecture of the rice plant and affects yields. MONOCULM 1 protein encoded by the MOC1 gene interacts with MOC3 protein to influence axillary meristem formation and promote tillering. TILLER NUMBER 1 protein encoded by the TN1 gene to inhibit rice tillering. This study aimed to analyze the expression of tillering regulatory genes MOC1, MOC3, and TN1 in five rice genotypes based on their morphological characteristics. RNA was isolated at the pre tillering and tillering stages. Gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR. The results showed that Hawara Bunar and Landeo rice produced fewer tillers (3-5) than IR64, Towuti, and Tukad Petanu (7-9). Although the number of tillers was lower, the grain weight produced by the Hawara Bunar rice cultivar was higher than that of the other four rice cultivars. The formation of a few tillers in Hawara Bunar and Landeo rice was influenced by low expression of the tiller regulatory genes MOC1 and MOC3 and by high expression of the TN1 gene, which inhibits tiller formation. These findings reveal a novel relationship between the expression of MOC1, MOC3, and TN1 genes and tiller formation, highlighting Hawara Bunar as a promising breeding line for rice with ideal plant architecture.
Comparative Analysis of Antioxidative Mechanisms in Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis galbana, and Tetraselmis chuii Under pH Stress Norhayati Yusuf; Nurul Shafiqa Yusof
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.945-961

Abstract

Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis galbana, and Tetraselmis chui, play a vital role in aquatic ecosystems and have considerable biotechnological applications. Medium pH strongly influences their physiological performance and oxidative balance. This study investigated the antioxidative responses of these three species grown under initial pH conditions ranging from 4 to 10, to elucidate species-specific adaptive strategies to pH-induced oxidative stress. Growth performance, enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; guaiacol peroxidase, GPX; glutathione reductase, GR), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, AsA; glutathione, GSH; chlorophylls; carotenoids) were assessed.  The results revealed distinct antioxidative strategies among the species. C. vulgaris relied predominantly on enzymatic defence mechanisms, showing marked upregulation of SOD, GPX, and GR. Compared with control conditions, SOD and GPX activities increased by 40.7% and 17.1%, respectively, at pH 4, while GR activity increased by 42.8% at pH 10. In contrast, I. galbana exhibited a more selective response, with strong induction of CAT activity (29.9%) at pH 4 and a substantial increase in total GSH content (79%) at pH 7, while APX activity was highest under control pH conditions. T. chuii demonstrated a balanced antioxidative strategy, combining moderate enhancement of enzymatic activity, particularly GR (17.2%) at pH 7, with pronounced accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants, including carotenoids (60.9%) and GSH (42.4%). These findings highlight the diverse adaptive capacities of microalgae to pH stress and provide valuable insights for optimising microalgal cultivation in biofuel production, aquaculture, and environmental management, as well as for developing stress-tolerant strains for sustainable biotechnological applications.
Population Dynamics of Pests and Natural Enemies of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Across a Karst Distance Gradient in the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung Exokarst Region, Bantimurung District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Amiruddin Amin; Sylvia Sjam; Itji Diana Daud
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.864-877

Abstract

Exokarst landscapes possess distinctive geomorphological and microclimatic characteristics that influence arthropod abundance and community structure in rice (Oryza sativa L.) ecosystems. Cooler and more humid microhabitats near karst formations can function as refuges that support resource stability, habitat connectivity, and trophic interactions. This study examined how distance from a karst cliff affects the abundance and composition of pest and natural enemy arthropods. Observations were conducted at three distances (0, 200, and 400 m), representing near-karst, transitional, and outer-karst microclimate zones in Kalabbirang, Bantimurung District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 1,483 individuals from 21 species were recorded. Arthropod abundance was highest at 400 m (549 individuals), followed by 0 m (477 individuals) and 200 m (457 individuals). Although total abundance was lower at 200 m, this site showed the highest species richness (S = 2.78), Shannon diversity (H′ = 2.15), and evenness (E = 0.76), indicating a more balanced community structure. Dominance was greatest at 400 m (D = 0.20), largely due to the high abundance of Coccinella sp. (205 individuals). Bactrocera dorsalis was most abundant at 0 m (125 individuals), Nephotettix virescens peaked at 200 m (106 individuals) but declined at 400 m (10 individuals), while Leptocorisa oratorius increased toward 400 m (70 individuals). Predator communities were dominated by Lycosa pseudoannulata (317 individuals). Correlation and PCA results indicate that karst-related microclimatic gradients structure arthropod communities and contribute to stronger natural pest suppression in outer-karst zones.
Visual and Olfactory Cues with Nectar Accessibility: Drivers of Floral Selection in Sycanus annulicornis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Wildan Muhlison; Zulfa Maulida; Irwanto Sucipto; Hari Purnomo
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.4.1074-1083

Abstract

Sycanus annulicornis (assassin bug) is a potential predator of agricultural pests in soybean, rice, vegetable, and plantation crops. However, habitat degradation has reduced its population and effectiveness as a biological control agent. This study aimed to evaluate the floral selection of S. annulicornis based on visual and olfactory cues, as well as nectar accessibility. Behavior observations were conducted using choice and non-choice tests to assess visitation rates to different flower colors and plant species. The results showed a broad color preference, with the highest visitation rates to white (2.00 ± 0.82) and yellow (1.75 ± 0.63) flowers. In non-choice tests, the highest visitation percentages were recorded on Tagetes erecta (82%), Turnera subulata (80%), Turnera ulmifolia (73%), and Wedelia trilobata (67%). In choice tests, T. subulata was the most attractive plant, followed by T. ulmifolia, T. erecta, and W. trilobata. Floral morphological compatibility, particularly nectar accessibility, supported the utilization of supplementary food resources by S. annulicornis. These findings suggest that selecting appropriate flowering plants can be an effective conservation strategy to enhance the sustainability of S. annulicornis populations in agroecosystems.

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