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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,077 Documents

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Optimization of Culture Conditions for Maximal Lovastatin Production by Aspergillus terreus (KM017963) under Solid State Fermentation Praveen Vadakke Kamath; Bhargavi Santebennur Dwarakanath; Avinash Chaudhary; Savitha Janakiraman
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 4 (2015): October 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Effects of various culture conditions on lovastatin production were investigated in Aspergillus terreus (KM017963) grown under solid state fermentation with wheat bran. Lovastatin production was influenced by various physical factors such as pH, temperature, and nutritional factors such as carbon, nitrogen, metal ions/salts etc. Our study established that an initial pH of 6.0, growth temperature of 28 °C–30 °C, inoculum size of 108 spores/mL as the optimal physiological culture conditions for maximal production of lovastatin by A. terreus (KM017963). The carbon sources, glucose or dextrin when supplemented at 3% (w/w) enhanced lovastatin production by five fold when supplemented as individual component in wheat bran. Addition of metal salts such as CuSO4 (8%), FeSO4 (8%), CaCl2 (10%), NaCl (6%) and MgSO4 (6%) enhanced the production by five fold. Supplementation with nitrogen sources, amino acids, hydrocarbons, surfactants and amino acids did not have any profound effect on lovastatin production.

Putative DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Mitochondrial Plasmid of Paramecium caudatum Stock GT704 Trina Ekawati Tallei
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 4 (2015): October 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Mitochondria of Paramecium caudatum stock GT704 has a set of four kinds of linear plasmids with sizes of 8.2, 4.1, 2.8 and 1.4 kb. The plasmids of 8.2 and 2.8 kb exist as dimers consisting of 4.1- and 1.4-kb monomers, respectively. The plasmid 2.8 kb, designated as pGT704-2.8, contains an open reading frame encodes for putative DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP). This study reveals that this RNAP belongs to superfamily of DNA/RNA polymerase and family of T7/T3 single chain RNA polymerase and those of mitochondrial plasmid of fungi belonging to Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. It is suggested that RNAP of pGT704-2.8 can perform transcription without transcription factor as promoter recognition. Given that only two motifs were found, it could not be ascertained whether this RNAP has a full function independently or integrated with mtDNA in carrying out its function.

Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticancer Activity of Five Strains of Soil Microorganisms Isolated From Tangkuban Perahu Mountain by Fermentation Desak Gede Sri Andayani; Ukan Sukandar; Elin Y. Sukandar; I. Ketut Adnyana
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 4 (2015): October 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Microorganisms were isolated from soil taken from Tangkuban Perahu mountain. Five strains were investigated in this study, designated TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, and TP5, respectively. Morphological, biochemical and molecular identifications were conducted for all five strains. These isolates were shown to be closely related to Nocardia sp. YIM 65630 (90%), Streptomyces galbus (99%), Aspergillus unguis (86%), Paecilomyces marquandii (100%) and Nocardia niigatensis (95%), respectively. Production of antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer metabolites was done by fermentation. Screening for bioactivity of five isolates was done by testing the fermentation broth against resistant and pathogenic bacteria, fungi and T47D breast cancer cell line. TP2 strain showed the best bioactivity; the metabolite was purified by extraction with ethyl acetate. Antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities from the ethyl acetate extract of TP2 strain were tested by agar diffusion, microdilution and MTT. The extract was shown to be active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus, methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Microsforum gypseum with the minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL) and diameter of inhibition (mm): 150, 35; 150, 30; 300, 35; 300, 35; 300, 29; 4.7, 36, respectively. The IC50 value of the T47D cell line was 457 μg/mL.

Expression Study of LeGAPDH, LeACO1, LeACS1A, and LeACS2 in Tomato Fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) Pijar Riza Anugerah; Fenny Dwivany; Rizkita Rahmi Esyanti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 4 (2015): October 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Tomato is a climacteric fruit, which is characterized by ripening-related increase of respiration and elevated ethylene synthesis. Ethylene is the key hormone in ripening process of climacteric fruits. The objective of this research is to study the expression of three ethylene synthesis genes: LeACO1, LeACS1A, LeACS2, and a housekeeping gene LeGAPDH in ripening tomato fruit. Specific primers have been designed to amplify complementary DNA fragment of LeGAPDH (143 bp), LeACO1 (240 bp), LeACS1A (169 bp), and LeACS2 (148 bp) using polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide BLAST results of the complementary DNA fragments show high similarity with LeGAPDH (NM_001247874.1), LeACO1 (NM_001247095.1), LeACS1A(NM_001246993.1), LeACS2 (NM_001247249.1), respectively. Expression study showed that LeACO1, LeACS1A, LeACS2, and LeGAPDH genes were expressed in ripening tomato fruit. Isolation methods, reference sequences, and primers used in this study can be used in future experiments to study expression of genes responsible for ethylene synthesis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and to design better strategy for controlling fruit ripening in agroindustry.

Characterization and Identification of Cellulolytic Bacteria from gut of Worker Macrotermes gilvus Ferbiyanto, Andri; Rusmana, Iman; Raffiudin, Rika
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 4 (2015): October 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

As a social insect, termite colony consists of three castes, i.e. reproductive, soldier, and worker castes. In their role of cellulose digestion, the worker termites use two sources of cellulolytic enzyme that include cellulases produced by the termite and the gut symbions. Macrotermes gilvus classified in mound builder termite, mostly depend on cellulolytic bacteria for cellulose digestion. This study aims to characterize cellulolytic bacteria of termite gut symbionts of worker M. gilvus and to identify the cellulolytic bacteria based on sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Cellulolytic bacteria of termite gut were isolated and cultured in CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose) media. The biochemical characters of bacterial isolates were assayed using Microbact 12A and 12B. Cellulolytic activity was determined based on formation of clear zone and cellulolytic index on CMC plate media. The bacterial isolate that has the highest cellulolytic index was analyzed for its 16S rRNA gene sequences. Four isolates of cellulolytic bacteria were successfully isolated from gut of M. gilvus with aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The highest formation of cellulolytic index (2.5) was revealed by RA2. BLAST-N (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotides) result of 16S rRNA gene sequences of RU4 and RA2 isolates showed that the isolate has similarity with Bacillus megaterium and Paracoccus yeei, respectively. This result indicated that RA2 isolate was P. yeei, a cellulolytic bacterium of a termite gut of M. gilvus.

Increasing Al-Tolerance of Sugarcane Using Ethyl Methane Sulphonate and In Vitro Selection in the Low pH Media Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih; Sri Hutami
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Increased production of sugarcane in Indonesia can be done with extensification sugarcane plantations which largely dominated by acidic upland red-yellow podzolic soil. High aluminium (Al) content and low pH of the soil can inhibit plant growth and development. Tolerant sugarcane in acid soil is the most efficient way, but the adaptive variety is still limited. In vitro culture technique can increase genetic variability to assemble new varieties through somaclonal variation combined with mutation using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The new characters was directed by in vitro selection using AlCl3.6H2O with pH = 4 as a component of selection for resistance to high aluminium. VMC 7616 and PS 862 varieties were used as materials. Mutation induced using EMS at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Plantlets mutant obtained through callus formation, immersion callus in EMS, in vitro selection, and regeneration of callus. Result of study showed that the long immersion in the EMS solution caused greater damage to the cells, as indicated by the change in callus colour. Callus immersion time in EMS gave greater influence to regeneration compared to concentration of EMS. PS 862 had higher Al tolerance than VMC 7616. Rooting of shoot induced using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 3 mg/L.

Fine Root Production and Decomposition in Lowland Rainforest and Oil Palm Plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia Violita Violita; Triadiati Triadiati; Iswandi Anas; Miftahudin Miftahudin
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Transformation of tropical rainforest into oil palm plantation not only has impacts on biodiversity but also affects ecosystem functions such as production and decomposition of fine roots as a nutrient source for plant. The objective of the research was to evaluate the production and decomposition rate of fine roots in natural forest (NF) at Bukit 12 National Park and oil palm plantation (OP) in Jambi, Sumatra. The soil core and litter bag methods were used to obtain fine root production and decomposition data. The results showed that generally, there was the same pattern in fine root production between NF and OP. The annual fine root productivity was found to be higher in NF than that of OP. Rainfall in NF and air temperature in NF and OP were the most significant climate factors affecting fine root production. The remaining fine root biomass decreased as the incubation time increased. The decomposition rate constant (k value) was significantly higher in NF than in OP. Our data showed that the nutrient turn-over of NF fine roots was faster than of OP fine roots. Nitrogen, carbon content, and C/N ratio were the main factors that influenced fine root decomposition.

Diversity and Abundance of Insect Pollinators in Different Agricultural Lands in Jambi, Sumatera Elida Hefni Siregar; Tri Atmowidi; Sih Kahono
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Agricultural land use is an artificial ecosystem. Insect pollinators are important keys to success of the agroecosystem. Converting natural landscapes to agricultural land, such as oil palm and rubber plantations, affects the insects. The research aims to study diversity and abundance of insect pollinators in three different agricultural land uses, i.e. oil palm plantation, rubber plantation, and jungle-rubber. Scan sampling method was used to explore the diversity of insect pollinators. Observations of the insects were conducted from 08.00 to 10.00 AM and 02.00 to 04.00 PM in sunny days. There were 497 individuals of insect pollinators collected, which belong to 43 species in three orders (Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera). Number of species and individual of insect pollinators found in rubber plantations (31 species, 212 individuals) and oil palm plantation (23 species, 188 individuals) were higher than that in jungle rubber (7 species, 97 individuals). Insect pollinators in oil palm plantations were dominated by giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) and stingless bee (Trigona sp. [=aff. T. planifrons]), whereas in rubber plantation, they were dominated by small carpenter bees (Ceratina lieftincki and Ceratina simillima), and in jungle-rubbers were dominated by hoverfly (Syrphid sp.) and Apis andreniformis. Higher foraging activities of insect pollinators occured in the morning.

Evaluation of Smoked Skipjack Processing Byproduct Meal as an Alternative Feed Ingredient for Juvenile Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis Muhamad Agus Suprayudi; Fatma Hajiali; Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo; Julie Ekasari; Ichsan Fauzi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of smoked skipjack processing byproduct meal (SPBM) to reduce the use of fish meal (FM) for juvenile humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis. This study consisted of digestibility test of SPBM and biological test to observe growth performance. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets were used: Diet A contains 0% SPBM as a control diet, and diets B, C, D, and E contain 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SPBM protein to substitute FM, respectively. Digestibility trial was performed for 14 days by adding Cr2O3 into the experimental diets and collecting fecal matter 40–60 minutes after each feeding. For growth trial, juvenile humpback grouper were kept in glass aquariums and fed by the experimental diet until apparent satiation for 60 days. Our result shows that the dry matter and protein SPBM apparent digestibility coefficient is lower compared to FM. The fish that was fed with diet B and C performed a comparable specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein retention compared to control (p > 0.05). However, lower specific growth rate, feeding efficiency, and protein retention were observed in fish that was fed with diet D (75% SPBM) and diet E (100% SPBM; p < 0.05). These results indicate that up to 50% of smoked SPBM can be used for the diet of humpback grouper.

Diversity and Abundance of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Four Montane Habitat Types on Mt. Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi Agmal Qodri; Rika Raffiudin; Woro Anggraitoningsih Noerdjito
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Carabidae and Staphylinidae are the two beetle families frequently found to be most abundant and diverse in forest ecosystem. Their roles especially as generalist predators are important in forest ecosystem. No studies reported their diversity and abundance in forest ecosystem on Mt. Bawakaraeng, specifically in montane habitat yet. This study was aimed to analyze diversity and abundance of Carabidae and Staphylinidae in four montane habitat types, i.e. agricultural area, pine forest, eucalypts and natural forest (1,835 m asl), and natural forest (2,165 m asl). They were collected using pitfall traps. A total of 42 carabid beetles belonging to nine species and 260 staphylinid beetles belonging to 37 species were collected. Diversity and abundance of Staphylinidae were higher than Carabidae, this is predicted because of higher mobility in Staphylinidae compared to Carabidae. In Carabidae, the highest species richness was recorded in agricultural area, whereas the highest species richness of Staphylinidae occurred in natural forest (2165 m asl). In Staphylinidae, the two largest subfamilies are Aleocharinae and Staphylininae. Aephinidius adelioides occupied the highest abundance of Carabidae and found in agricultural area. The differences in each montane habitat type are presumed to cause variation in species richness of soil beetles, especially for Carabidae.

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