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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,077 Documents

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Effects of Soy-Germ Protein on Catalase Activity of Plasma and Erythocyte of Metabolic Syndrome Women HERY WINARSI; SIWI PRAMATAMA MARS WIJAYANTI; NURTJAHJO DWI SASONGKO; AGUS PURWANTO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 1 (2015): January 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Oxidative stress always accompany patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Several researchers reported that soy-protein is able to decrease oxidative stress level. However, there is no report so far about soy-germ protein in relation to its potential to the decrease oxidative stress level of MS patients. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of soy-germ protein on activity of catalase enzyme in blood’s plasma as well as erythrocytes of MS patients. Double-blind randomized clinical trial was used as an experimental study. Thirty respondents were included in this study with MS, normal level blood sugar, low-HDL cholesterol but high in triglyceride, 40-65 years old, Body Mass Index > 25 kg/m2, live in Purwokerto and agreed to sign the informed consent. They were randomly grouped into 3 different groups, 10 each: Group I, was given special milk that contains soy-germ protein and Zn; Group II, soy-germ protein, while Group III was placebo; for two consecutive months. Data were taken from blood samples in 3 different periods i.e. 0, 1, and 2 months after treatment. Two months after treatment, there was an increase from 5.36 to 20.17 IU/mg (P = 0.028) in activity of catalase enzyme in blood’s plasma respondents who consumed milk containing soy-germ protein with or without Zn. A similar trend of catalase activity, but at a lower level, was also noticed in erythrocyte; which increased from 88.31 to 201.11 IU/mg (P = 0.013). The increase in activity of catalase enzyme in blood’s plasma was 2.2 times higher than that in erythrocytes.

Phylogenetic Relationships Within Arctornis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Based on COI Gene Sequences HARI SUTRISNO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 1 (2015): January 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Genus Arctornis is one of Tussock moths which are most diverse in tropics, particularly in Sundaland.Several species associate with cultivated plants and have potential to become pests. The systematic of this genus is still in dispute, especially on the monophyly and the relationship within this genus due to the fact that it is very large genus (137 described species). To clarify the monophyly of the genus Arctornis, and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among the Indonesian species, we analyzed ten species of Indonesian Arctonis involving seven other species distributed around the world based on a 600 bp region in the COI gene. The results showed that the monophyly of Arctornis was supported by a high bayesian partition test at Maximum likelihood tree building method. The relationship among groups was supported by moderate to high bayesian partition values. Indeed, COI gene was very useful to characterize Arctornis species, especially to distinguish member of Indonesian species. Nevertheless, this should be taken with precaution because more species and more conserved genes should be involved in the future analysis to test the validity of the proposed phylogeny.

Air Quality Bioindicator Using the Population of Epiphytic Macrolichens in Bogor City, West Java . RINDITA; LISDAR IDWAN SUDIRMAN; YONNY KOESMARYONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Studies about lichens and pollution in South-East Asia are restricted because the lichens are poorly known. A research project about air quality bioindicator using epiphytic macrolichens in Bogor City was conducted from March 2012 until July 2013. Purposive sampling method was applied in 3 plots: plot 1 was in the centre of Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) that far from busy roads, plot 2 was in a part of BBG adjacent to main and busy roads, and plot 3 was along busy roads and near a factory. In each plot, macrolichens were observed in 8 canary trees using 2 mini quadrats (32 x 20 cm2). The population conditions of epiphytic macrolichens were analyzed and to be used as bioindicator of air quality. Seven genera of macrolichens were found: Coccocarpia, Leptogium, Canoparmelia, Parmotrema, Dirinaria, Physcia, and Pyxine. Plot 1 was having Coccocarpia and Leptogium that were not found in other plots and therefore they can be used as sensitive bioindicators, none of Canoparmelia and Pyxine, a few and infrequent Dirinaria but with larger average coverage (AC = 6.15 cm2), and Physcia was found abundantly (sensitive bioindicator). Conversely, plot 2 and 3 were having none of Coccocarpia and Leptogium, few or many Canoparmelia and Pyxine and therefore appeared to be tolerant, many and frequent Dirinaria but with smaller AC (plot 2 = 2.85 cm2, plot 3 = 1.16 cm2), and few or none of Physcia was found. Being found in all plots, Dirinaria showed a clear pattern of increasing thallus number and decreasing AC from plot 1 to plot 3, so it can be used as tolerant bioindicator. Conversely, Parmotrema had unclear pattern of population condition. Similar researches on different trees are necessary to explore more details regarding epiphytic macrolichens population condition.

Detection of Luminous Vibrio harveyi in Penaeid Shrimp Through Nested PCR Using Haemolysin Gene Primer WAWAN ABDULLAH SETIAWAN; UTUT WIDYASTUTI; MUNTI YUHANA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most important aquaculture commodity in Indonesia. However, the luminous disease primarily caused by Vibrio harveyi bacteria still becomes an obstacle in penaeid shrimp farming, especially in shrimp hatchery. This study was aimed to identify the presence of V. harveyi in L. vannamei through nested PCR using haemolysin gene primer. First, initial primers were designed using V. harveyi VIB 391 haemolysin gene sequence (accession number: DQ640264), flanking the position 133 to 756. This primer pairs were used to identify haemolysin gene in both V. harveyi MR5339 and V. harveyi 275 strain. Sequencing results from each sample showed 99% similarity with haemolysin gene sequence in Genebank. Furthermore, the sequence of V. harveyi MR5339 haemolysin gene was used to design the nested PCR primers. The first primer pairs of nested PCR have successfully amplified the haemolysin gene fragment of all V. harveyi strains samples from position 52 to 405. The second primer pairs of nested PCR have amplified position 204 to 405 where it can detect all of V. harveyi strains used as sample sources in this study. The application of nested PCR technique in this study was able to identify V. harveyi strains at serial dilution of cells density as low as 100 cfu/mL, which is equal to a single cell or at DNA concentration up to 101 fg/µL.

Antiviral and Immunostimulant Activities of Andrographis paniculata . CHURIYAH; OLIVIA BUNGA PONGTULURAN; ELRADE ROFAANI; . TARWADI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is a medicinal plant which was reported to have anti HIV, anti pathogenic bacteria and immunoregulatory activities. The research purpose was to investigate the activity of Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract as antiviral and immunostimulant. A. paniculata leaves oven-dried, then grinded and macerated with ethanol 90%, and the extract then analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to determine the content of active compounds andrographolide. The antiviral activity of the extract was determined by observing its ability on inhibiting virus load in A549 cells transfected with Simian Retro Virus (SRV) by Real Time – Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The immunostimulant activity of extract was determined by its ability to induce lymphocytes cell proliferation using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our result indicated that the A. paniculata ethanol extract inhibited the SRV virus titer similar to the positive control Lamivudine, and it was not toxic to the A459 cell line. Furthermore, low concentration (1 μg/mL) of A. paniculata extract could stimulated lymphocyte cell proliferation about 38% compared to the control lymphocyte cell without any treatment.

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition and Hypoglycemic Activities of Sweitenia mahagoni Seed Extract TUTIK WRESDIYATI; SITI SA’DIAH; ADI WINARTO; VENNY FEBRIYANI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Inhibition of α-glucosidase and hypoglycemic activity are two effects commonly used to identify bioactive compounds with potential to treat diabetes. The objectives of this study were to analyse and compare the bioactive compounds and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of four different types of Swietenia mahagoni seed extract, and to analyse the hypoglycemic activity of the greatest inhibition of α-glucosidase-extract in rats. The extracts were obtained using two different solvents (aqueous and ethanol) and two different methods: maceration and reflux methods. This resulted in four types of extract varying by solvent and extraction method. Testing of these extracts for α-glucosidase inhibitory effect was carried out in vitro using spectrophotometer. Testing for hypoglycemic activity was carried out in vivo using rats. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: (1) the negative control group, received an oral dose of aquadest only, (2) the positive control group, was given 90% sucrose orally without S. mahagoni seed extract, and five treated groups (3-7), were given 90% sucrose followed by the best extract-ethanolic S. mahagoni seed extract in doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kgBW, and (8) the acarbose group, was given 90% sucrose orally followed by acarbose. Glucose levels in each animal were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after treatment. The results showed the greatest inhibition of α-glucosidase in ethanolic extract, using maceration methods. This ethanolic-maceration S. mahagoni seed extract also showed hypoglycemic effects in hyperglycemic rats at dose from 100 to 500 mg/kgBW. Ethanolic extract of S. mahagoni seed, using maceration method, can be proposed as potential antidiabetic agent.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Copra Meal by Mannanase from Streptomyces sp. BF3.1 for The Production of Mannooligosaccharides . ARIANDI; . YOPI; ANJA MERYANDINI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Copra meal contained high polysaccharide mannan. Mannanase Streptomyces sp. BF3.1 efficiently hydrolyzed copra meal to mannooligosaccharides. This research determined the optimum conditions of enzyme mannanase Streptomyces sp. BF3.1 to hydrolyze copra meal. The results of the hydrolysis products were analyzed concentrations of reducing sugars, total sugars and the degree of polymerization. In order to determine the type of product, mannooligosaccharides were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The mannanase had an optimum condition at 70 °C and pH 6. Optimum conditions of hydrolysis was 10% copra meal concentration with incubation time of 5 h at 30 °C which able to produce a variety of mannooligosaccharides products. Under such conditions, the yield of reducing sugar was 3.83 mg/mL with polymerization degree of 4. Analysis of mannooligosaccharides by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography revealed mannobiose, mannotriose, mannotetrose, mannopentose, and mannoheksose.

Panicle Length and Weight Performance of F3 Population from Local and Introduction Hybridization of Rice Varieties ANGELITA PUJI LESTARI; . SUWARNO; . TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; DIDY SOPANDIE; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Plant breeding program consists of establishment of the population, selection, and evaluation. The study aimed to observe the variability of yield components, the heritability, and the distribution of the yield component characters in the F3 populations. The experiment was conducted at Muara Experimental Farm Bogor, from April to August 2012 on Latosol soil. The F3 populations derived from crosses of Bintang Ladang x US2, Gampai x IR77674, and Progol x Asahan and their parental were used as plant materials. Twenty one-day-old seedlings from each population were planted in plots of 2 x 12 m, with planting space of 20 x 20 cm and 3-5 seedlings per hole. Panicle length and weight were observed on 300 randomly selected plant samples from each population. The results showed that there was a variation of agronomic characters among genotypes. The heritability of characters, the panicle length and weight was low to high. Panicle length and weight were controlled by many genes with additive gene action in the Gampai x IR77674 derived population, while panicle weight was controlled by few genes with complementary epistatic additive gene action in both Bintang Ladang x US2 and Progol x Asahan derived populations. The more genes controlling a character, the more distribution classes formed and the greater variance among genotypes.

Lack of Radioprotective Potential of Ginseng in Suppressing Micronuclei Frequency in Human Blood Lymphocyte under Gamma Irradiation YANTI LUSIYANTI; ZUBAIDAH ALATAS; MUKH SYAIFUDIN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Ginseng appears to be a promising radioprotector for therapeutic or preventive protocols capable of attenuating the deleterious effects of radiation on human normal tissue. This research addresses results on the study of radioprotective potential of ginseng on radiation induced micronuclei in lymphocyte cells in vitro. The peripheral blood samples were exposed to gamma rays at doses of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 Gy and then added with 0, 100, and 1000 ug/mL of ginseng extract. These treated samples were cultured for micronuclei (MN) examination using standard procedure. The evaluation of incubation with ginseng extract for 24 h before irradiation was also done. Our results showed that there was no radioprotective effect of ginseng addition to the frequency of MN in lymphocyte cells. Pre-incubation with ginseng extract before irradiation also did not effectively suppress the MN frequency. This research lacks to prove the ginseng’s radioprotective potential that maybe related to its immunomodulating capabilities and its capabilities in scavenging free radicals induced by radiation or in attenuating the deleterious effects of radiation and its important role in increasing levels of several cytokines.

Genetic Variation of the First Generation of Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) Mutants Based on RAPD Molecular Markers NESTI FRONIKA SIANIPAR; DANNY LAURENT; RAGAPADMI PURNAMANINGSIH; IRENG DARWATI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is a herbal plant from the Araceae family. The plant has high medical potential and is effective to cure cancer. However, the low level of its genetic variation limits its exploration for desirable traits. The low level of genetic variation in Rodent tuber is mainly due to its asexual reproduction system. It usually reproduces vegetatively via tuber separation. Therefore, gamma irradiation had been applied to rodent tuber in vitro to increase its genetic diversity. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of the first generation (MV1) of gamma irradiated rodent tuber mutant using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 14 mutant DNA samples were analyzed with 14 RAPD primers. The result showed that 67 out of 123 DNA bands were polymorphic among mutant lines. Based on cluster analysis these mutants showed 0.78-0.97 genetic similarity. Cutting of dendogram at genetic distance of 0.89 produced four main clusters. Mutants with high genetic variation are now available. This increases the opportunity of obtaining mutant lines with high anti-cancer activity.

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