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Moondra Zubir
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology
Published by Universitas Negeri Medan
ISSN : 26221349     EISSN : 26224968     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Jurnal ini mempublikasikan artikel di bidang Kimia yang meliputi penelitian dasar dan terapan. Bentuk Publikasi di Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology : * Artikel * Review (berdasarkan permintaan Dewan Redaksi) * Communication (berdasarkan permintaan Dewan Redaksi)
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 270 Documents
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Utilization Of Gelatin From Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Bones Using Acid Method As A Syrup Thickener Muhammad Farhan
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.70419

Abstract

This study aims to utilize catfish (Clarias gariepinus) bone waste as a source of gelatin extracted using the acid method and to examine its application as a thickening agent in syrup production. Gelatin is a protein-based hydrocolloid capable of forming gels, stabilizing emulsions, and increasing viscosity, making it widely used in the food industry. Commercial gelatin is generally derived from cattle or pigs, which raises issues regarding health, halal status, and limited raw material availability. Catfish bones are a potential waste source since they contain collagen that can be hydrolyzed into gelatin. The research process involved bone demineralization, acid treatment to break collagen bonds, and extraction under controlled temperature. The resulting gelatin was then applied in syrup formulation with varying concentrations and evaluated for its viscosity, clarity, stability, and organoleptic properties. The results showed that gelatin from catfish bones effectively functions as a natural thickener, with an optimal concentration producing syrup with stable viscosity, good clarity, and acceptable organoleptic characteristics. This study demonstrates that catfish bone waste has the potential to serve as an alternative halal, environmentally friendly, and economically valuable source of gelatin for food industry applications.
Utilization Of Durian Skin (Durio Zibethinus) For Biobriket Production Using Pyrolysis Method As An Alternative Energy Immanuel Veron Silitonga
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.70420

Abstract

Durian peel (Durio zibethinus) is one of the organic wastes that is abundant, especially during harvest season, and is often not utilized, causing environmental problems. The high lignocellulose content in durian peel makes it a potential raw material for making bio-brickets. This study aims to utilize durian peel waste to produce bio-brickets using the pyrolysis method as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. The pyrolysis method is chosen because it can break down organic compounds in biomass into charcoal with a relatively high calorific value. The research stages include preparation of materials, carbonization process through pyrolysis, pulverization, mixing with a binder, molding, and drying of the briquettes. The results of the study show that bio-brickets from durian peel have good characteristics, including low water content, moderate ash content, high density, as well as calorific value that meets biomass briquette standards. The utilization of durian peel waste into biobriquettes not only has the potential to reduce environmental pollution, but also becomes an economical and sustainable solution for renewable energy diversification.
Isolation of Chitin from the Shell of the Blue Crab (Portunus pelagicus) and a Review of Its Potential as a Cholesterol - Lowering Agent Evatiara Sihotang; Saronom Silaban
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.71959

Abstract

The swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a fishery commodity that produces large amounts of shell waste and has the potential to be used as a source of chitin. This study aims to isolate chitin from swimming crab shells through demineralization and deproteinization processes and then characterize it using FTIR, accompanied by a literature review regarding the potential of chitin as a cholesterol-lowering agent. The demineralization stage produced a yield of 35.07%, while the yield of chitin after deproteination reached 87.10%. FTIR analysis showed typical chitin absorption bands, namely N–H stretching (3255 cm⁻¹), Amide I (1621 cm⁻¹), Amide II (1552 cm⁻¹), C–O–C asymmetric stretching (1154 cm⁻¹), and β-(1→4) glycosidic bonds (872.8 cm⁻¹), which confirmed the formation of the chitin structure. Based on a literature review, chitin and chitosan have the potential to lower cholesterol levels through bile acid binding and reduced lipid absorption. Therefore, chitin from crab shell waste is suitable for development as a raw material for bioactive chitosan, although further biological testing is needed
Effectiveness of Corn Cob (Zea mays L.) Activated Carbon Modified with Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in the Adsorption of Metanil Yellow Ramanda Fatwa; Ratna Sari Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.72090

Abstract

This study examines the potential of corn cob waste (Zea mays L.) as a raw material for activated carbon to remove Metanil Yellow dye from textile waste. Activated carbon was prepared through a carbonization process at 400°C followed by chemical activation using KOH to expand the pore structure. To optimize the affinity for anionic dyes, the carbon surface was modified with a cationic surfactant, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB). FTIR characterization results showed successful modification, characterized by the appearance of C−N group vibrations at wavenumbers 1371 cm−1 and 1217 cm−1. The adsorption test was carried out at a maximum wavelength of 494 nm. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency increased significantly with increasing adsorbent mass and contact time, with the highest efficiency reaching 98-100% in the 90-120 minute time range. This proves that CTAB modification effectively increases the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged adsorbent surface and the negatively charged Metanil Yellow molecules.
Characterization of the Physical and Biodegradation Properties of Biodegradable Plastic from Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Young Coconut Shells and Cassava Starch Putri Faradilla; Rini Selly; Adelia Febriyossa; Moondra Zubir; Siti Rahmah; Dwi Sapri Ramadhan; Tesalonika Bela
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): JANUARY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i1.72442

Abstract

Biodegradable plastics derived from renewable biomass were synthesized using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) isolated from young coconut husk and cassava starch at different CMC:starch ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1). Physical characterization included tensile strength, elongation, Young’s modulus, and water resistance, while biodegradation performance was assessed through a 15-day soil burial test. The tensile strength reached its highest value at a ratio of 2:1 (2.0068 MPa), fulfilling the JIS 2-1707 requirement for biodegradable films. Elongation values were inversely related to CMC content, with the highest elongation (62.69%) observed at the 1:2 ratio. Water resistance was also optimal at the 1:2 ratio, indicating lower hydrophilicity compared to CMC-rich films. Biodegradation tests showed that bioplastics with higher CMC content (2:1) degraded fastest, achieving 97.37% mass loss on day 15. These findings demonstrate that the CMC:starch ratio significantly affects mechanical stability, moisture sensitivity, and biodegradation rate. Overall, the bioplastic films developed in this study exhibit promising properties for eco-friendly and lightweight packaging applications.
The Preparation and Characterization of Silica Composite Adsorbent from Palm Oil Boiler Ash and Chitosan Therecia Ginting; Agus Kembaren
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.72574

Abstract

FTIR characterization of silica confirmed the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) at wave number 3386 cm-1. Wave number 1059 cm-1 Si-O-Si group, 783 cm-1, 984 cm-1 symmetric stretching vibration of Si-O-Si group, wave 452 cm-1 Siloxane group, in silica chitosan composite wide absorption band at 3356 cm-1 (-OH) group from silanol group (Si-OH) which is a functional group derived from silica as well as (-OH) and (-NH2) groups, 1628 cm-1 amide group (-NH) wave 1421 cm-1 related to symmetric bending vibration of chitosan oligosaccharide chain namely –CH2 and –CH3 groups which can be influenced by the presence of silica matrix 1079 cm-1 Si-O-Si group, wave 593 cm-1 and 488 cm-1 bending vibration of Si-O-Si and Si-O. The optimum result of Pb2+ adsorption using silica chitosan composite adsorbent was 94.70% with an absorption capacity of 1.2467 mg/g. With a concentration of 5.266 ppm it became 0.279 ppm.
Characterization of Gandapura Oil by GC and Analysis of Nitration Product Structure Using FTIR Spectroscopy Theresia Novianti Marpaung; Marham Sitorus
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.72726

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the orientation of the nitration reaction of methyl salicylate from wintergreen oil (Gaultheria Procumbens L.) with sulfuric acid catalyst. The research method was carried out through a reflux process between gandapura oil, HNO3, and H2SO4 at a temperature of 56-60°C for 60 minutes, followed by a washing and recrystallization stage using ethyl acetate. The product obtained was then analyzed using FT-IR. The nitration product is a white crystal, indicating that the compound is relatively pure with a melting point of 100-109℃. Based on the FTIR spectrum, it was confirmed that a nitration reaction had occurred with the appearance of characteristic nitrate (NO2+) absorption at 1537 cm⁻1 (asymmetric).
Effect of Solvent Polarity on Extraction Yield and Phytochemical Profile of Carica papaya L. Seed Extracts Elsa Christine; Nora Susanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.72855

Abstract

Extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from natural materials is strongly influenced by solvent polarity, which determines the selectivity of extracted secondary metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and phytochemical profile of papaya seed (Carica papaya L.) extracts. Extraction was performed using the maceration method with hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Extraction yield was calculated based on the ratio between extract weight and initial material weight, followed by phytochemical screening to identify major bioactive compound groups. The results showed extraction yields of 50% for hexane extract and 54% for ethyl acetate extract. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the hexane extract contained alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids, whereas the ethyl acetate extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. These findings indicate that solvent polarity plays an important role in extraction efficiency and selective recovery of bioactive compounds from papaya seeds.
Study of Thermal Oxidative Degradation of Asphalt Modified with Cyclic Natural Rubber-g-Maleic Anhydride Reactive Polymer khairunnisa afifah
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.73401

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of asphalt modification using a reactive polymer in the form of cyclic natural rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (CNR-g-MA) on the thermal oxidation resistance of asphalt. The modification was carried out ex situ by mixing the synthesized polymer with asphalt after the grafting process. CNR-g-MA was synthesized through a grafting reaction of maleic anhydride onto cyclic natural rubber using benzoyl peroxide as a radical initiator. The grafted product was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify functional groups and confirm the success of the grafting process. The modified asphalt was further analyzed using FTIR and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to evaluate changes in chemical structure and thermal stability. FTIR spectra showed characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to carbonyl and ester groups, indicating successful grafting. TGA results revealed that asphalt modified with CNR-g-MA exhibited higher thermal stability compared to pure asphalt, suggesting improved resistance to thermal and oxidative degradation.
Hydrothermal Production of Furfural from Corn Husk Biomass Using an AlCl₃–HCl Catalytic System Novia Kirana Maharani; Desi Karnisa; Dita Ariyanti; Meka Saima Perdani
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.73540

Abstract

Hydrothermal production of furfural from corn husk biomass was investigated using an AlCl₃–HCl–H₂SO₄ catalytic system. Hydrothermal treatment was carried out in a Teflon-lined reactor at 120 °C for 6 h with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL). The catalytic system consisted of 200 mg AlCl₃, 330 µL HCl, and 110 µL H₂SO₄. Structural and chemical changes during the conversion process were analyzed using FTIR and HPLC. The results indicated partial degradation of lignocellulosic components, particularly hemicellulose, which promoted furfural formation during hydrothermal conversion. Quantitative analysis showed that furfural yield increased from 0.30% without catalyst addition to 2.37% with the AlCl₃-containing catalytic system, indicating the catalytic contribution toward hydrolysis and dehydration reactions. In addition, comparison of solvent systems showed that dimethyl carbonate (DMC) produced higher furfural yield (2.37%) than dichloromethane (DCM) (1.03%) under similar hydrothermal conditions, suggesting that solvent selection influenced furfural stabilization and conversion efficiency. Although the obtained furfural yield remained lower than values reported for optimized acid-catalyzed systems, the findings demonstrate the potential of corn husk biomass as a renewable feedstock for furfural production and provide preliminary insight into catalyst-assisted hydrothermal conversion.

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