Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[Examining Social Exchange Theory and Social Change in the Works of George Caspar Homans – Implications for the State and Global Inequalities in the World Economic Order ]]>
<![CDATA[Ogbonna, Hyginus Obinna]]>;
<![CDATA[Mbah, Chidi Slessor]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0009
<![CDATA[This paper focuses on the critical investigation of ‘Social Exchange theory’ and ‘Social Change’ in the works of George Homans. The objectives are to appropriate the interpenetrations of the twin concepts, and their implications towards the amelioration of the human condition both within the state, and within the global socio-economic relations. Thus, the paper achieves its objectives by applying a qualitative-critical descriptive method of analysis on the subject matter –with a critique from Peter Blau’s variant perspective for helpful extrapolations to explaining human condition within the state, and globally. The paper made some findings, draws conclusions, and recommendations. A few of these findings include 1) the propensities of breaching the norm of reciprocity in social exchange process are higher than the tendencies to maintain the norm; 2) at the breach of the norm of reciprocity, there are higher risks of losses than the gains, and there are immanent implications; 3).That societal progress can also emerge via resistance to an ‘apopular’ status quo. The paper concluded that, there is a semblance of order when the norm of reciprocity is observed among nations, and within nations; but moments of aggression exists with immanent crisis-tendencies that are anti-development where the norm is violated. Therefore, the paper recommends: the state should be committed to its part of the social contract with the citizenry in terms of provisions of human-centered development facilities; and where the state loses the sanctity of its legitimacy and turns to a ‘class-state’, counter-reactions and resistance from the subaltern classes (the civil society) through protests for progressive social change or for the improvement of the human condition, should not be discouraged. Additionally, the advanced nations should recognize the socioeconomic rights of the less developed nations for a fair deal in the global economic relations. Received: 29 November 2021 / Accepted: 28 December 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022]]>
<![CDATA[Testing the Four Basic Language Skills in the English Language Component of the Mature Students' Entrance Examinations: The Case of Six Ghanaian Universities ]]>
<![CDATA[Asafo-Adjei, Ramos]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0010
<![CDATA[This study focused on the Mature Students’ Entrance Examinations (MSEE) which is a commonly used Ghanaian university placement examination. The fundamental aim was to evaluate the comprehensiveness of the English language component of the examination in the area of the four basic language skills (Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening) tested. A second objective of the study was to explore the reasons behind the choices of the basic language skills tested in the MSEE. The multiple case study design was employed for this study, and the sources of data used were responses from in-depth interviews and the past questions. The data were subjected to analysis via thematic content analysis and document analysis respectively. The analysis highlights the specific contents of the past questions and their related basic language skills tested, as well as the reasons underlying the basic language skills tested. The results revealed that only two of the basic language skills (Reading and Writing) were tested, and time limitations and logistical challenges informed lecturers’ decisions not to test Speaking and Listening. The study recommends that Listening and Speaking tasks be incorporated into the examination to make it comprehensive. Received: 2 September 2021 / Accepted: 16 November 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022]]>
<![CDATA[Small and Medium Scale Enterprises’ Activities and Eonomic Developmemnt in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Chidume, Ukamaka P.]]>;
<![CDATA[Nenbee, Simeon G.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): January 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0011
<![CDATA[This paper assesses the impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) activities on economic development in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve this theme, an instrument Called Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Survey Questionnaire (SMEQ) was developed which focused more on employment generation and poverty reduction. The population of the study was chosen based on the two thousand six hundred and thirty-four (2634) registered SMEs with the Rivers State Ministry of Commerce and Industry in 2019. Based on simple random sampling technique, a total of three hundred and thirty-eight (338) respondents were sampled. Relying on descriptive statistics and logistic regression estimation techniques, the data were analyzed. Analyses of the respondents’ opinion suggest that the major businesses engaged in the study area were restaurant, tailoring and beauty/hair dressing. Again, majority of the respondents were of the opinion that SMEs operators do not have increased access to basic social-economic amenities. The output of the logistic regression result has it that an increase in firm size can improve the chances of SMEs fostering economic development in Obio-Akpor while increase in the salary of employees could also enhance the chances of SMEs to redress the rising poverty level too. The paper thus recommends that employment tax incentives should be granted to proprietors of SMEs and taming of the rising insecurity cases across the country. Received: 11 September 2021 / Accepted: 25 November 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022]]>
<![CDATA[The Tradition of Humanistic Consciousness in Marxian Materialism ]]>
<![CDATA[Wang, Zheng]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): March 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0012
<![CDATA[Traditionally, the researchers of Marx ignored the Epicurean roots for the maturation of Marxian thoughts, insisting that Marx was engaged in it only during his writing of the doctoral dissertation of 1841. Indeed, Epicurus played a decisive role in Marx’s subsequent works, although this reality is not explicitly mentioned. Epicurean atomism, through the theory of the declination of the atom, refers to a utilitarian consciousness for realizing human freedom and ethics. From the heretical tradition of humanism, Marx inherited Epicurean materialism as an important source of the “materialism of freedomâ€, a materialism that may be considered as a philosophy of emancipation. Besides the freedom of nature from which it ultimately derives, this Marxian idea also combines with that of Epicurus in terms of history: Marxian historiography is actually narrating history in the present, by which we can recall our lack of humanity. Received: 21 September 2021 / Accepted: 24 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022]]>
<![CDATA[Succession Planning Best Practices for Large and Small Organizations ]]>
<![CDATA[Bano, Yasmeen]]>;
<![CDATA[Omar, Siti Sarah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ismail, Fadillah]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): March 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0013
<![CDATA[Developing potential candidates for organizational sustainability and business continuity is emerging as a priority in any organization. Every organization small or large is facing or will face challenges for the immediate future successor with the right people. Top management can create surroundings which allows leadership development with the help of succession planning internally. Succession planning is an enterprise approach that has gained a lot of interest in all organizations because of excessive demand for holding knowledge and the shortage of skilled workforce. The study has been done by using standard systematic literature review method. The current study focuses to provide comprehensive review of best succession planning practices followed by all type of organizations. The major purpose of this article is to describe the standard best practices of succession planning in any organization. This study will provide enough evidence to use succession planning as an instrument in the organizations in recruitment process, employee retention strategies and top management future development within the organization. Received: 17 September 2021 / Accepted: 14 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022]]>
<![CDATA[Management Knowhow Spillover from Foreign Direct Investment and Local Firm’s Performance ]]>
<![CDATA[Wanjere, M.D]]>;
<![CDATA[Kinoti, M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Iraki, X.N]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogutu, M.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): March 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0014
<![CDATA[The paper investigates management knowhow spillover from foreign direct investment effect on local firms performance. Scholars seem to agree on the importance of foreign direct investment spillover for country’s growth but opinions vary regarding its impact. The study sort to establish the effect of management know spillover from FDI on performance of manufacturing firms. Empirical and theoretical literature has been reviewed on the key constructs of the study and hypothesis formulated. The reviewed literature has led to formulation of a conceptual framework showing the link among key variable of study. The study population consisted of 100 companies with at least 10 percent or more foreign ownership and registered with Kenya Association Manufacturers. The study respondents consisted of the Chief Executive Officers or representative of the participating organizations. The data was collected on management knowhow spillover from FDI and its effect on local firm performance using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and simple regression analysis. The study established that management knowhow was significantly correlated with manufacturing firm performance and the correlation coefficient shows the relationship was weak and positive. The management knowhow accounted for 6.6% of variation in performance (R2=0.066). The corresponding model was also found to be significant (F=5.144, P<0.05) as well the coefficient for management knowhow (β=0.252, t=2.268, P<0.05). The implication of these findings is that the country policy makers should not only concern themselves with attracting FDIs, but also in ensuring that they secure the spillover to local firms. Organisation and government need to put in place policies that encourage spillovers from MNEs. Received: 6 January 2022 / Accepted: 23 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022]]>
<![CDATA[Audit Committee Financial Expertise and Financial Reporting Timeliness ]]>
<![CDATA[Ehigie, Aimienrovbiye Humphrey]]>;
<![CDATA[Isenmilia, P. A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): March 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0015
<![CDATA[This study examines conceptually the relevance of the audit committee financial expertise to financial reporting timeliness of a firm. The methodology adopted in this study is library research whereby relevant and extant literature related to the audit committee financial expertise and financial reporting timeliness. Audit committee financial expertise was x-ray from the perspective of accounting financial expertise and the non-accounting financial expertise. Observations from the study highlights that the presence of accounting financial experts in an audit committee is an important element that mitigate reportorial challenges and motivates financial reporting timeliness. The study recommends that financial experts in the audit committee should be given more power to enable them discharge their duty effectively and efficiently, the definition of audit committee financial expertise should not relegate other relevant profession to the background, and the impact of the audit committee financial expertise on audit expectation gap should be considered when appointing members of the audit committee. Received: 3 February 2022 / Accepted: 23 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022]]>
<![CDATA[The Role of Accounting in the Most Adverse Conditions of Life: The Diary of a P.O.W. ]]>
<![CDATA[Diakomihalis, Mihail]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): March 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0016
<![CDATA[The purpose of the paper is to reveal and demonstrate the importance of accounting in everyday life and particularly in the most adverse conditions of life, through the investigation of the diary of a Prisoner of War (P.O.W.). The author of the diary is a young individual who was an ex- WWII captive and consequently refugee in a concentration camp in Italy, in 1945, with elementary education but absolutely “illiterate†in accounting and economics issues. The handwritten diary of the P.O.W. is the core research evidence used, along with the existing literature regarding accounting in everyday life, including accounting histories of war. Additionally, the study draws on new research firmly embedded in everyday transactions. The detailed analysis of the diary reveals the contribution of improvised and self-taught bookkeeping, to the strengthening of the feeling of survival, the acquisition of the necessary and most asset, the achievement of the insatiable desire of repatriation and finally the acceptance of the patent defect caused from an impairment, through foresight to deal with it. The fulfillment of all the mentioned above aspiration supports that basic accounting knowledge, deriving from the needs of the individual according to specific circumstances of time and place, may be more than satisfied to record simple daily transactions, even by illiterate people. Received: 24 January 2022 / Accepted: 28 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022]]>
<![CDATA[Federalism As a Tool for Ethnic Conflict Resolution: A Case Study of Iraq ]]>
<![CDATA[Ababakr, Amer]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): March 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0017
<![CDATA[Due to ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversities, there is potential for ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in community, but the emergence and occurrence of ethnic conflicts depend on the state's approach to managing or suppressing ethnic, linguistic, and cultural variations. Federalism is one of the most important mechanisms that governments adopt to manage ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversities. But the function of federalism in reducing ethnic conflicts is not necessarily positive, and in some cases, it has led to an escalation of ethnic conflicts. Accordingly, the central question is to examine whether federalism is a system to resolve or reduce ethnic conflicts? With an emphasis on ethnic conflicts in Iraq. The research hypothesis is that federalism, through the creation of bureaucratic structures, the development of political parties, the identification, and acceptance of cultural and linguistic commonalities, will restrict and reduce ethnic violence and conflict but not necessarily ethnic protest. Received: 26 December 2021 / Accepted: 28 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022]]>
<![CDATA[Beyond Frank Willett: The Need for Compositional Analysis of Yoruba Art Objects ]]>
<![CDATA[Olaleye-Otunla, Olufemi Joseph]]>;
<![CDATA[Ijisakin, Eyitayo Tolulope]]>;
<![CDATA[Ademuleya, Babasehinde Augustine]]>;
<![CDATA[Adeoye, Mosobalaje Oyebamiji]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): March 2022 ]]>
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DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2022-0018
<![CDATA[Since the pioneering efforts of Frank Willett that examine the Yoruba arts, there remains a yearning gap to holistically investigate the material contents and classification of Yoruba art objects. For proper documentation, information and placement of Yoruba arts, the need for a scientific material compositional analysis of Yoruba arts cannot be overemphasised. This discourse employs a qualitative and evaluative mode of research to emphasize the need, importance and prospects of proper scientific material investigation of Yoruba arts. The study provides information on Frank Willett, the Yoruba people, and relevant studies on the Yoruba arts. It further discusses compositional analysis through the lens of literature, art authentication, and makes a case for authenticating Yoruba art collections. Considering the elegance and importance of African arts and antiquities, the findings of this study show that the provenance of Yoruba art objects has not received adequate attention; this has consequently resulted into illegal excavation, manipulations, and trade of Yoruba art collections. The study concludes that there is utmost importance and necessity for scientific material probing of Yoruba art, if it must go beyond the point where Frank Willett stopped. Hence, the need for all African art historical scholars to prospect for scientific probing of the material contents of Yoruba arts objects. Received: 13 January 2022 / Accepted: 28 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022]]>
