Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[Formation of new Words with the Suffix in the Albanian Language Today ]]>
<![CDATA[Bado, Aida]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Always, through the language, we can create new words using different ways each times we feel that it is necessary. A goodway to observe this new creative skill in Albanian language is through its explanatory dictionaries. The explanatory dictionary, in thiscase, serves not only to explain or ranked meanings that have the Albanian language words, but through it we can do also a “linguisticphotography’ of Albanian language. The “linguistic photographyâ€, in this case, means the reflection of the meanings that a word has(linguistic reality) and the word-formation tools that the Albanian speakers use to create a new word. The object of our study relates,exactly, to the desire to analyze the word-formation with suffix, created after year 1980. To do this we will refer at two Albaniandictionaries: Fjalori i gjuhës shqipe (2006) and Fjalori i gjuhës së sotme shqipe (1980) publications of the Academy of Sciences ofAlbania. From these two dictionaries we have extracted the corpus of words that are includes only in the dictionary of 2006. We havedistinguished only the new words from this lexical corpus, which have entered into Albanian language, these last decades, as formationof words with suffixes.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of Development Indices in Nigeria’s Bitumen Communities ]]>
<![CDATA[Olatumile, Adekunle]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Nigeria is well endowed with bitumen, with its potentials of wealth generation and prosperity. It becomes imperative to ensuresocio-economic development of the host communities in order to avoid a repeat of the crises that have characterized the Niger-Deltapetroleum enclave where the inhabitants felt needs are no met in the provision of infrastructure and social services. This study assessedthe inhabitants’ perception of the availability of development indices in the bitumen communities, such that a framework for the provisionof infrastructures along the needs of different communities can be developed. The sample was 1147 inhabitants. Data were collectedusing a questionnaire. ANOVA, MCA and Scheffe were used to analyse data. Findings showed variations in the indices of developmentand development needs of different communities. Infrastructures and social services should be provided according to the felt needs ofdifferent communities and local governments in the region.]]>
<![CDATA[Symbolism and Domain of Numbers in English and Persian Metaphorical Expressions in the Light of Al-Hasnawi's Cognitive Model ]]>
<![CDATA[Ghafel, Banafsheh]]>;
<![CDATA[Rasekh, Abbass Eslami]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Cognitive linguistics views language in terms of concepts, either universal or culture specific. Language is both embodied andsituated in a specific environment; in this connection, metaphorical expressions (hereafter MEs) such as idioms, proverbs, and slang arepervasive and interesting to study. Numbers are widely used to form such MEs as ‘a cat has nine lives’, ‘third time is charm’ and ‘to bescattered to the four winds’. The present study investigates MENs in English and Persian within Al-Hasnawi's three-scheme cognitivemodel (2007). The aims are twofold: (i) to identtify the extent of culture-specify in English and Persian metaphorical expressions ofnumbers (hereafter MENs); (ii) to see how symbolic meaning of numbers is a determining factor in the construction of metaphoricalexpressions. The findings show that, although a small number of ideas in domain of numbers are shared between Persian and English,the majority of them are culture-bound and are thus filtered by symbolism, value and belief system of their host community.]]>
<![CDATA[Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth In Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Dickson, Oyovwi O.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study seeks to evaluate the effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Nigeria on the basis of annual datafrom 1970 to 2009. A review of the literature reveals that exchange rate volatility can have either positive or negative effect on economicgrowth. The empirical analysis began with testing for stationarity of the variables by applying the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF). Thiswas followed by co-integration test of the model. The unit root test results show that all variables except exchange rate volatility wereintegrated at order one, that is I(1) while exchange rate volatility is integrated at order zero that is I(O). Also, co-integration analysisindicated that variables are co-integrated. Employing the Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) techniqueto generate exchange rate volatility, the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth was estimated. Findingsfurther show that in the short run, economic growth is positively responsive to exchange rate volatility while in the long run, a negativerelationship exist between the two variables. The long run result also indicate that increase in oil price depress economic growth inNigeria. Thus, the income effect of rising oil price is not felt while the output effect is evidenced in factory closure and re-location toneighbouring countries. The study recommends control of import content of both public and private expenditure, greater diversification ofthe economy through investment in key productive sectors of the economy to guard against the vicissitude exchange rate volatility. Also,domestic refining of crude oil to avoid the current massive importation and in the short run, we recommend the legalisation of the refiningactivities in the creeks to supplement the existing refineries in the country.]]>
<![CDATA[The Participation of Human Reseources in Albanian Local Governance Obligates ]]>
<![CDATA[Papajorgji, Zhyljen]]>;
<![CDATA[Dumi, Alba]]>;
<![CDATA[Gjika, Irma]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The role of the Human Resources Management in organizations has grown exponentially over the last decade. Specializedprofessional training, such as certification, is critical for those practicing in the Human Resource field, in order to keep pace with thedemands of the industry. Democratic Albanian local governance is a prerequisite to the meaningful decentralization of infrastructuremanagement. When people participate in defining visions for sustainable development of HRM for their communities, in formulatingstrategies for equitable access to services and resources and in setting priorities for action, they have endorsed. Participation alsosharpens their awareness of the interrelations between economic, social and environment issues. This is a highly significant feature ofinfrastructure Albanian programs and carries important implications for local development. Decentralization on HRM has given localgovernments the discretion and scope they need to take a lead role in responding to the challenges of economic downturn, degradationof the urban environment, and social hardship. They institute bold initiatives and innovative practices.]]>
<![CDATA[The Fundamental Aspects of the Cham Issue ]]>
<![CDATA[Pacukaj, Sokol]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The Present paper would explain the most important aspects of the Cham issue. The populaiton mulsims chami wasdeported from Greece during the period 1912-1945 and the situation is still know unresolved. The cham conflict arose as a result of thedelineation of border between Greece and Albania at the end of Balkan Wars. During the period form June 1944 to March 1945 was thelast phase of expulsion of the Cham population from northern Greece, during which an estimated 5000 men, women and children werekilled. The rest of chami population fled over the border to Albania where they lived in exile ever since. The cham are demanding therecognition of all disappeared as a result of conflicts and the property right of all chami population. In this paper we will give some of thefoundamental aspects of the issue such are the recognition of the issue by the Greek government, the question of the lost citizenshipand the property rights.]]>
<![CDATA[A Fourty-One Year Review of Deaths from Motor Accidents in Lagos State, Nigeria (1970-2010) ]]>
<![CDATA[Atubi, Augustus .O.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Using mostly secondary data on vehicular accidents obtained from the Nigeria Police Force and Federal Road SafetyCommission, the study examined a thirty-two year review of deaths from road traffic accidents (1970-2010) in Lagos State. The reporteddeaths from road traffic accidents in the 20 Local Government Areas of Lagos State were compared using the Analysis of Variance(ANOVA). The result showed that for the two factors, Local Government Areas and years, the F-calculated of 18.32 and 7.43respectively were higher than the F-tabular of 1.64 and 1.32 respectively at 0.05 level of significance. It then implies that the means foreach of the factors, reported deaths from road traffic accidents across the 20 Local Government Areas of Lagos State and acrossdifferent years were significantly different. The result of the multiple regression analysis was 0.32. This implies that the proportion ofvariation in the dependent variable (i.e. deaths from road traffic accidents) explained by the independent variables (i.e. length of roads,presence of road safety and population) was 32%. Based on the findings, recommendations were proffered on how to reduce thephenomenon of deaths from traffic accidents in Lagos State.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Social Phobia Based on Meta-Cognitive Variables ]]>
<![CDATA[Lak, Zahra]]>;
<![CDATA[Golzari, Mahmoud]]>;
<![CDATA[Borj'ali, Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Sedaghat, Ma'soumeh]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The present research was carried out to determine the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on social phobia ofShahed university students with regard to meta-cognitive beliefs. Being a clinical study, the present research used as sample 30students of Shahed University suffering from social phobia. These students had received top scores on the SPIN social phobia test. Thesample participants were also evaluated using scales of social phobia (SPIN) and meta-cognitive (MCQ30). Being homogenized, theparticipants were divided into experiment and control groups. The experimental group was taught cognitive-behavioral therapy during 20sessions but control group was not included in any educational program. The obtained results were analyzed using descriptive statistics,correlation, and covariance analysis using SPSS. The experimental and control groups were found to be significantly different in terms ofsocial phobia in all three stages: prior therapy, after therapy and 6 weeks later. This implied that cognitive behavioral therapy waseffective in reducing social phobia. Findings indicated that there was a meaningful relationship between meta-cognitive beliefs and thecorresponding effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy.]]>
<![CDATA[Stock Market Prices and Performance of Textile Industry of Pakistan in Last Five Years – An Evidence of EMH ]]>
<![CDATA[Aamir, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Khan, Kanwal Iqbal]]>;
<![CDATA[Rehan, Muhammad Farooq]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper explains the performance of the textile sector and its impact on the market prices for the last five years. Textilesector is an important sector for the economy of Pakistan due to its employment potential, availability of raw material and foreignexchange earnings but this sector is not contributing its required role in the economy since the last five years. Why textile industry haslost its share in exports and fails to maintain its position in the economy. Reasons are discussed and explained by building the statisticalrelationship between the performance of the companies and their market prices. Although there are many internal and external factorsfor measuring the performance of the company, but in this research article only EPS (Earning per Share) and Book Value of shares aretaken as a performance measurement tools. The efficient market hypothesis is used as an evidence to explain the relationship betweenthe stock market prices and performance of the textile industry. The sample of twenty companies are taken from textile industry and byusing the SPSS software the relationship between the performance of the companies and their market prices are explained in themeaningful way. These results are helpful in explaining, how performance of the textile industry affects their market prices of shares inthe stock market.]]>
<![CDATA[Socio-Economic Determinants of Household Food Expenditure in a Low Income Township in South Africa ]]>
<![CDATA[Sekhampu, Tshediso Joseph]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012): September 2012 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The study, on which this article is based analysed the impact of selected socio-economic characteristics on food expenditurepatterns of a low-income township in South Africa. The results are based on a household survey using questionnaires. A multipleregression model was used to explain responses in monthly household food expenditures to socioeconomic factors. Household income,household size, age, employment status, and the educational attainment of the household head were found to exert a strong positiveimpact on food expenditures. The marital status of the household head was associated with a negative impact on household foodexpenditure, and the coefficient for the variable was significant. Household size, employment and marital status of the household headare the most significant predictors of food expenditure. The gender of the household head had no significant impact on household foodexpenditure. This study contributes to the understanding of low income townships in South Africa by modelling the factors influencinghousehold food expenditure.]]>
