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Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
Published by Universitas Nusa Cendana
ISSN : 20399340     EISSN : 20392117     DOI : 10.36941/mjss
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Bangunan dan Konstruksi
Articles 1,077 Documents
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Transformation of Historic Industrial Areas in Riga Šolks, Guntis; Dejus, Gita; Legzdiņš, Krists
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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The aim of this research is to characterize the transformation processes of historic industrial areas in Riga. The research wasdone by using appropriate methods what include review of literature, field studies, expert interviews and GIS methods. Historic industrialareas comprise significant part of the built-up area in Riga and they form a specific urban environment in particular neighborhoods interms of historical and cultural heritage. These sites emerged and developed during the rapid industrial growth from 1860s to 1910swhen Riga became an important industrial centre of the Baltic region. These areas were mostly used for industrial purposes beforedeindustrialization after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Economic growth and construction boom in the early 2000s initiatedredevelopment and transformation of the historic industrial sites into premises for commercial, residential and retail use. Such urbanregeneration processes resulted in emergence of new desirable urban spaces while the number of urban brownfield sites decreased.However, significant part of historical and cultural heritage was lost, because in most cases preservation of these values was not topical.In this context urban regeneration processes have to be evaluated as an important approach for further urban development of Riga.
The Impact of Remittances on Albanian GDP and Houshold Income Level Manushi, Besije
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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After the fall of communist regime or from the beginning of the 1990’s, Albania is one of the countries with the large number ofemigrants, and it is one of the country that mostly receives remittances which are funds received from migrants working abroad. The aimof this paper is to show the impact of remittances on the Albanian economy and the effect that it has in the GDP and the economicgrowth. Also, this paper is going to analyze the impact of remittances on poverty level in Albania. Studies show that remittances have asignificant impact on the reduction of poverty in the country by directly raising household income and consumption .It is going to be usedthe regression analysis with the data received from INSTAT and World Bank in order to have a more clear information about the impactof the remittances in Albania economy and on the household income level of people. At the end of the analysis it is going to bediscussed the conclusions the importance of remittances, if they play a key role in economy.
Epoka University, Master of Science in Banking and Finance Shima, Jetnor
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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This paper examines inflation and nominal exchange rate in Albania during this economical transition period including 1995-1996 until 2010-2011 for Albanian economic system. Several channels through which inflation can affect wellness of Albanian citizenand investigate the relationship on variables of the economy. Beginning from a low base years1996-97, Albania has quickly reached tohigh GDP growth and decreasing inflation, in conjunction with serious efforts thought open-market reforms.So the aim is to investigatethe impact of consumer price change on exchange rate. How much does the inflation effect on the exchange rate, also we will discuss ifinflation has a significant positive or negative impact of exchange stability on real growth and it will analyze costs and benefits ofexchange rate stabilization in Albania during these 15 years. In this paper, an important role plays the effect of the exchange rate regimeon economic growth. As a whole, this literature is inconclusive mainly because there are theoretical channels highlighting a positiveeffect of exchange rate stability on growth and others that stress the negative repercussions of exchange rate that has on outputexpansion. The paper concludes that the inflation in Albania does not have much effect on nominal exchange rate and in other part theassociation of exchange rate stability with higher real growth remains lusty. Exchange rate has different dependent variable in Albania.This result will be proved and estimated a linear regression model key of macroeconomic variables.
The Impact of Remitances on Albanian GDP and Economic Growth Myftari, Enea
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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This paper includes a considerable part of Albania's macroeconomic, focusing mostly on remittances framework. The purposeof this paper is to show through conducted analysis, the reality of remittances in Albania. These remittances have been evaluated fromtheir beginning up to now, by seeing consequences that brought these remittances, and focusing on the level they represent in Albania'sGDP. This paper begins with a historical overview of the factors that led to the start of remittances to Albania, and continues withanalyzing of remittances effect on the economy of Albania. The distribution of remittances in Albania is been presented according todifferent urban and rural areas. The changes in remittances inflow are illustrated among years, and the paper focuses on the role ofremittances especially on its share in Albania’s GDP. This paper includes also graphics and their valuable interpretation. Themethodology which is used in this paper is, obtaining information from various sources and literature. The facts and analysis on the topichas been adapted by highlighting my personal ideas on the matter. Based on the information regarding this paper, it can be concludedthat remittance inflows constitute a very important share in GDP and economic development of Albania. Lastly, a recomendation toAlbanian government would be that, these remittances which in many cases are used mostly for consumption, must be oriented towardsinvestment.
Macroeconomics Policy and the Europeran Union Accession: Albanian Case Imeraj, Erinda
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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The purpose of this paper is the analyze of the Albanian macroeconomic situation, its developments and policies through thechallenging way to the EU accession. Albania was the last of the central and eastern European countries to embark on democratic andfree market reforms. Although it might be early to say that everything was done in the proper way to establish the new market economy,Albania is seriously involved in this transformation and has the chances to join Europe, and furthermore the worldwide economiccommunity. Albanian’s economic performance shows success story with many ups and downs. Even though Albanian economy hasimproved substantially over years and outperformed many other countries in the Balkan region, according to major income indicator westill remain the poorest country in Europe. Trying to be part of EU, Albania still has to perform many structural reforms withmacroeconomic and fiscal frameworks. A long way in reducing macroeconomic imbalances such as external deficit and the highunemployment rate but also following a prudent monetary policy by reaching and maintain price stability and strengthening thesurveillance of financial system. It will be concluded that the developments of Albanian economy to fulfill the EU conditions, even thoughin difficult situations, will lead on a proper way to the important goal, the EU accession, but would have the positive impact on Albaniangrowth. This paper is based on real and official data taken from INSTAT and World Bank, which will be theoretically analyzed and it willtake place also a regression analyze.
The Impact of Government Debt and Debt Servicing on Economic Growth An empirical approach for Albania Mera, Nertil; Ryskulov, Urmat
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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As the government spending around the world have extremely increased, many economies are concerned about the negativeeffects that high levels of debt have on the economic growth. Many empirical studies show a non-linear relationship between debt andeconomic growth. This paper uses linear regression model to study the impact of government debt and external debt service oneconomic growth in Albania. By using historical data from 1991 to 2010 it shows the existence of a positive effect of internal debt andexternal debt on economic growth of Albania. In contrast if finds a negative relationship between external debt service and economicgrowth. Higher levels of external debt are accompanied with higher amounts of money flowing out of the country as a service to the debt.This negative impact of external debt service on economic growth derived from higher levels of external debt fosters the government toreduce the level of external debt through more consolidated monetary and fiscal policies.
Citotoxicity and Genotoxicity Screening of some Aquatic Bodies in Shkodra Region Using Allium Cepa L. test Kopliku, Ditika; Mesi, Anila; Golemi, Suzana
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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The reaction of Allium cepa (L.) genetic material to the presence of potential cytotoxic and genotoxic substances in waterenvironment was used to screen the water toxicity presence and degree of Shkodra lake, Buna and Drini rivers, by measuring onionbulbs root length (MRL), Mitotic Index (MI), Phase Index (PI) and chromosome abnormalities (CA), grown in water samples fromShiroka, Zogaj, Shegan, Kamicë, Stërbeq, Buna bridge, Bahçellek, Zues and Dajç. All parameters were compared with filtered tap watercontrol, using χ2 test. Rating of samples for MRL and MI values was decreasingly: tap water, Stërbeq, Kamicë, Shiroka, Buna bridge,Zogaj, Bahçellek, Dajç, Zues, Shegan. Only the MRL and MI values of Dajç, Zues and Shegan were significant (p&lt;0.05), compared totap water. Most frequent CA types were: stickiness, bridges and fragments. Rating of samples for CA was increasingly: tap water,Kamicë, Stërbeq, Buna Bridge, Shiroka, Dajç, Bahçellek, Zogaj, Shegan, Zues. The number of abnormal dividing cells was significant(p&lt;0.05) in: Dajç, Bahçellek, Zogaj, Shegan, Zues. It was noticed high level of CA rate (genotoxity) in water sample of Zogaj, whichcould not be screened by cytotoxic examinations (MRL and MI). The results indicated a slight water pollution in Dajç, Shegan, Bahçellek,Zogaj and Zues samples, serving as a first alert of chemical pollution environmental impact, even in low concentrations. Deeper andlarger scaled monitoring network, using bioassays, has to be done in Shkodra region to protect ecosystems, biota and humans.
Environmental and Economic Impact of Support Measures in Agriculture, Albania Gjermizi, Mirgjana; Tota, Ikbale; Pjetri, Enkeleda; Qerama, Marsela
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Agriculture is one of the most important pillars of the economy covering around 52% of the labour force. Recent years thegovernment of Albania is applying support measures in agriculture in order to give support for rural areas and increase the economicsituation of the farmers. The aim of this paper is to find out the environmental and economic impact that the support measures will havein the future for the supported farmers, in their welfare and environment. The scope of these measures is to improve the economic andsocial conditions in rural areas trying to increase the competitiveness and market efficiency, creation of new working possibilities, andincrease the livelihood of the farmers. The study will be done in the basis of the actual situation in the 6 year of the application of thesupport measures, but will be analysed also the needs and opportunities of introducing new measures. It is important to underline thatthis paper will serve to find out the impact in the rural areas of support measures and will be helpful to improve agriculture policies, todefine the most adapted and profitable measures to be applied for the farmers.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on the Economic Growth and Export Potential of Albania Vangjeli, Alketa
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) has a positive impact upon the economic growth in the receiving countries. The countries intransition need FDI not just to produce more goods and a higher quality. Foreign capital investments are the most efficient and safe wayto integrate into the world economy. FDI would allow the re-specialization of the economy to surpass the situation of maintaining on theworld markets only with food products and raw materials. Indeed, the acquired experience shows that FDI plays a determinant role inrespecialising the transition economies and in increasing the export potential. A transition country like Albania is assumed to benefit fromFDI not only by supplementing domestic investment, but also in terms of employment creation, transfer of technology, increaseddomestic competition and other positive externalities. Albania offers attractive investment opportunities for foreign companies and hasadopted a number of policies to attract FDI into the country and the country seems to offer perhaps one of the most liberal FDI regimesin region. Our analysis in this paper, based on economic evidence over recent years, indicates that FDI and trade contribute significantlytowards advancing economic growth in Albania. Further, we shall examine some structural changes which occurred under the influenceof FDI in the Albanian economy and in Balkan region, drawing also the attention upon the changes in the export potential of thosecountries.
Failure of the Myth: The American West as Fraud Jaupaj, Artur; Shumeli, Arjan
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 7 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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The American West has been mythologized for its uniqueness, endless economic opportunities and the decisive role it hasplayed in shaping the American character and democracy. As a matter of fact, Western mythology since its earliest times propagandizedthe West, despite its aridity and shortage of water, as “The Garden of the World” where the rugged and resourceful individual couldeasily secure a life full of abundance and live happily. Such Eden-like descriptions prevailed throughout the nineteenth century and wereeven renewed when the region was officially highlighted as the future of the nation and as a “safety valve” for economically poor citydwellers. However, 1930s would initiate a mounting opposition against the West and the publication of Walter Prescott Webb’s TheGreat Plains (1930) would reshape, not only Turner’s regionalist and sectionalist ideas by portraying the Great Plains as a separatecultural entity, but also brand the Western topography with only one word, aridity. Eventually, the second half of the twentieth centuryproliferated in alternative fictional and historical representations of the West and marked the rise of a new type of Western whichparodied and reversed the formula conventions for different ends. Likewise, E. L. Doctorow`s Welcome to Hard Times (1960), shattersthe happy ending of the classic Western by re-presenting the cyclical failure of a frontier town. In addition, neither the hero, portrayed asa short-sighted coward nor the other characters, depicted as materialistic and self-centered, nor the topography, described asuninhabitable, fulfill the requirements of the genre. Furthermore, Welcome to Hard Times, depicts the western mythology of progress andabundance as fraudulent as it is based on “get in, get rich, get out” (Limerick, 1987: 100) economic schemes.

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