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Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
Published by Universitas Nusa Cendana
ISSN : 20399340     EISSN : 20392117     DOI : 10.36941/mjss
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Bangunan dan Konstruksi
Articles 1,077 Documents
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Human Rights Mechanisms for the Protection of Women and Children from Enforced Disappearance Janina, Suela
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Gender inequality is one of the most pervasive forms of social inequality and is often exacerbated by conflict and situations ofgross human rights violations. Enforced disappearance can be among the factors leading to deterioration in the living conditions ofwomen and girls, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination and the limitation or denial of their human rights. The fact thatwomen around the world already suffer from unequal status and treatment compared with men magnifies the difficulties they face asrelatives of the disappeared. The enforced disappearance of children is an especially disturbing practice and complex in the issues towhich it gives rise legally, morally and socially. The disappearance of a child is a clear contravention of a number of provisions of theConvention on the Rights of the Child. This article aims to analyze the legal mechanisms provided by human rights treaties for theprotection of women and children as vulnerable groups affected by enforced disappearance. The focus of the analyze is concentrated onthe UN Convention against enforced disappearance as the universal legal instrument for the protection of all persons from thisinternational crime. Some recommendations will be provided for the state parties to implement legislation and policies aimed to protectand promote the rights of women and children.
Strategies Used in the Translation into Albanian of Allusions in Walt Whitman's Poetry Pema, Alketa
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

A translator who examines a text with a view to translate it will have a number of concerns. Among them, allusions are likely tobecome puzzles when they cross a cultural divide. Translating allusions can be a demanding task due to the fact that theysimultaneously activate two texts and have specific meanings in the culture and language in which they arise but not necessarily inothers. However, the use of allusions by an author shows an expectation that the reader is familiar with the references made, otherwisethe effect is lost. Taking this into account, the present study focuses on personal proper noun and key phrase allusions in the poems ofthe- famous American poet Walt Whitman and their translations into Albanian. It aims to investigate how translation- strategies wouldprovide the translators, in particular the novice ones, with useful insights concerning intertextual references in general and allusions inparticular in order that the translators might find it no more challenging a task. In order to achieve the above mentioned purpose, thepersonal proper noun and key-phrase allusions in Leaves of Grass and their equivalents in the Albanian translation were first identified.Then, Leppihalme's (1997) proposed strategies for the translation of allusions were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the mostcommon strategy for the translation of personal proper nouns was that of 'retention without any guidance' and for key-phrase allusionswas that 'literal translation with minimum change'. This is indicative of the translator's wish to be as faithful as possible to the sourcetexts to demonstrate that the allusive language of the original texts and connotations conveyed by them were largely ignored by thetranslator.
Henrik Ibsen. Drammatis Personae Between Reality and Fiction Gokaj, Rregjina; Turku, Marsela
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Literature is a powerful way of transmitting ideas and attitudes thus intercultural communication comes through authors’ ideasand readers’ assumptions. This article will be focussed in some major dramas of Henrik Ibsen, as one of the most powerfulrepresentatives of European drama of the late nineteenth century. His contribution to the modern thought is, without doubt, vital andprecious especially in Pillars of Society, A Doll’s House, Ghosts, Hedda Gabler etc. This article is going to browse some of Ibsen’s playsconsidering the usage he makes of symbols and symbolism, reality and realism. ‘A Doll’s House’ is considered a landmark in thedevelopment of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theatre – realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shunsidealized visions of it. Thus Ibsen presents us to Nora and Helmer who are the antitypes of Mr. and Mrs. Alving of ‘Ghosts’. If weconsider ‘Ghosts’, which followed ‘A Doll’s House’ not only consequently but even in the realistic and innovative mode of writing, the ideaof marriage is quite a useless sacrifice of human beings who do not have the same interests or principles in life. Some of these featuresmay also be seen in The Lady from the Sea with Ellida and Wangel and their relationship. These aspects and others of Henrik Ibsen’splays will be the focus of this paper, showing the playwright’s contribution to World Literature.
Euro-Atlantic Integration of Macedonia and the Name Issue: Viewed from the Prism of Albanians Azizi, Abdula
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Relying on the fact that Macedonia since its independence has been faced with various challenges in the path of Euro-Atlanticintegration of the country, and as one of the main challenges still remains the name dispute resolution with Greece. In this regard, wenotice that the political parties but especially the citizens do not have a common standpoint on this issue. In fact, the opposite extremepositions that have built communities on how to resolve the aforementioned dispute increase the gap between them. Precisely, in thispaper dilemmas will be shown about the Euro-Atlantic future of Macedonia concerning the resolution of the dispute with the state name,seen from the standpoint of citizens. In particular, it will analyze the empirical data arising from the survey conducted with the citizens ofthe Albanian community in Macedonia, about their beliefs on the state name dispute resolution - as an obstacle to Euro-Atlanticintegration of the country. I believe that the results of this paper will give to the political subjects a clearer picture on the attitudes ofcitizens on this issue, especially those representing the Albanian community in the Macedonian government.
Issues of Treatment and Use of Periods with Dependent Consequential Sentences in the Standard Albanian Language Kurani, Aida; Muho, Anita
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

This paper is focused in the period with dependent consequential sentence in the Albanian (standard) language, as is hasbeen expressed in the second volume of the “Grammar of Albanian Language” (Syntax), publication of the Academy of Sciences ofAlbania, or in some other normative work. Considering it by the viewpoint of the language culture, we are of the opinion that someconstructions of foreign source must be left out of the syntactic norm or must get limited in their use, eg. “Është shumë e mirë, për tëqenë e vërtetë”, which seems to sound unnatural, or the subtype with the connection në mënyrë që and predicate as a verb in theindicative mode. On the other hand, we are of the opinion that in the written discourse, especially in the publicity style or in the medialanguage in general (including movies' or documentaries' translations from foreign languages), must be used more intensively theconsequential periods faced more often in the popular language or in the spoken discourse, such as those with the dependent sentencebeing connected to the main one through the connection që with a commonly connected word or not. We think that this would not onlybring the written variation nearer to the spoken variation of the Albanian standard language, but it would also put one more stone in thewalls of the “castle” of the Albanian syntax language.
La Responsabilité Sociale des PME: Une Approche par la Cartographie Cognitive Benabou, Djilali; Bendiabdellah, Abdesselem; Tabeti, Habib
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 9 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Cette proposition s'inscrit dans le débat sur la perception des dirigeants d'entreprises, notamment les PME, concernant lathématique de la responsabilité sociale et les enjeux environnementaux qui les accompagnent ou qui en résultent. Nous proposons iciune approche cognitive de la responsabilité sociale, approche que nous illustrons à travers la représentation de deux cartes cognitivesde dirigeants de PME algériennes. L’approche cognitiviste considère le système comme un ensemble de représentations individuelles etcollectives qu’il y a lieu d’identifier et de soumettre à des analyses minutieuses. Dans cette approche, les dirigeants sont considéréscomme des acteurs qui construisent leurs propres représentations du système. De ce fait, la perception de l’environnement par lesdirigeants -principaux acteurs du système entreprise- est considérée comme un facteur déterminant du diagnostic de la situation etéventuellement un outil décisionnel non négligeable. Autrement dit, de ces perceptions dépendent le diagnostic ou la formulation desproblèmes et les solutions qu’il y a lieu d’apporter concernant la problématique de responsabilité sociale des PME en Algérie.
GDP and Productivity Indicators of Albanian Governance, Through Innovations and Knowledge Transfer strategies Dumi, Alba; Peto, Inilda; Alushaj, Oltjana
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 9 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Albania's economy has improved substantially over recent years and has outperformed many other countries in the region.However, it is still considered one of the poorest countries in Europe. According to the Bank of Albania, per capita income was $4,070 in2009, and was expected to reach $4,200 in 2010. According to preliminary data by the World Bank's Poverty Assessment Program,12.4% of the population lived below the poverty line in 2008, marking a considerable improvement from 25.4% in 2002; this decline inpoverty levels was due mainly to higher per capita GDP. The official unemployment rate is 13.52%, with almost 60% of the workforceemployed in the agricultural sector, although the construction and service industries have been expanding recently. Albania is open toforeign investment and increasing FDI is a top priority for the Albanian government. Albania has put in place a liberal foreign investmentregime, including a 10 percent flat corporate and income tax and has taken measures to improve the business climate by streamliningbusiness procedures through e-government reforms. These improvements along with NATO membership and progress toward EUintegration have contributed to the increase in investor interest during the last couple of years. Promising sectors for foreign investorsand include: energy (including alternative energies), mining, transportation, telecommunications, and tourism. Tourism has been boostedsignificantly by ethnic Albanian tourists from throughout the Balkans. GDP is comprised of services, including trade, hotels andrestaurants (21%), transport (5.5%), and communication (4.5%) agriculture (19%); construction (14%); industry (10%) and remittances(9%). The Albanian economy has been partially sheltered from the global financial crisis and the economic downturn. The InternationalMonetary Fund (IMF) projects growth at 3.4% and 3.6% for 2011 and 2012 respectively. A reduction in remittances from Albanianworkers abroad has constrained economic activity, although exports grew in 2010. The country’s geographic position places it at thecrossroads of Western and Eastern Europe. A stable U.S. ally, Albania is a member of NATO, the WTO and is in the process of applyingfor candidate status in the European Union. During the global financial crisis, bank deposits shrank considerably and lower liquiditypushed commercial banks to tighten lending. While current bank deposits have reportedly surpassed pre-crisis levels and bank liquidityhas improved, the demand for credit is still low. In December 2009, the growth rate of loans dropped to 10% from 35% in 2008. The lowdemand for credit continued into 2010, with the growth rate of loans slowing to 9.1% for the first 6 months of 2010. In general, thebanking sector remains viable, well capitalized, and able to further finance the economy, as the ratio of loans to deposits, approximately65%, is still low compared to Western standards.
Internal Migration Patterns of Natives and Foreigners in Spain Bunea, Daniela
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 9 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

As a consequence of strong international immigration, Spanish statistical data offer the possibility to distinguish betweenpatterns of migration for both natives and foreigners. The objective of this paper is to determine the difference in patterns between thesetwo categories as regards their migration within Spanish borders. The period of analysis is mainly 2003-2010, the level of aggregation isNUTS 3 (provincial) and the method of research is a quantitative comparative analysis. The study is divided in the following areas ofinterest: intra and inter-provincial flows; gross and net migration; migration by sex, by age, by source/destination size, and by nationality.Also, I try to find out if migrants are more attracted by leading provinces and if the hypothesis of social networking for foreign-bornmigrants is confirmed. The main results reveal: a greater propensity of foreign-born migrants to make long-distance movements; grossmigration rates of foreigners much higher than natives´; both natives and foreigners (more) are attracted by prosperous provinces;foreign out-migrants are less willing to leave provinces with high concentration of foreign-born population while foreign in-migrants prefersuch provinces, i.e. social networking is true; foreign males migrate more than foreign females while the difference between Spanishsexes is rather inexistent; foreigners and Spaniards have also different age propensities to migration, although with some similarities;Spaniards and foreigners also differ when referring to the size of the province they come/go from/to. And finally, the paper makes aranking of migration by groups of nationality.
The Self-Identifications Through Pronominal Choice in Turkish Political Discourse Candarli, Duygu
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 9 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Political discourse studies have analyzed the context and the way that personal pronouns and possessive pronouns are usedby politicians and how they maintain their stance through their conversations in different contexts (Van Dijk, 1997, 2002). This studyattempts to examine self-identifications that Turkish political party leaders develop through their employment of pronominal choice. Thedata come from the period before 2011 elections in Turkey. By comparing their first person singular and plural possessive pronoun usein different contexts, this paper tries to find out the factors that affect the distribution of their pronominal choice in Turkish politicaldiscourse. Within the critical discourse analysis approach, the results indicate that the location, topic, purpose and venue influence thepronominal choice of the politicians.
Brand Cultures: Between Identity and Image Barbu, Oana
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 9 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

This paper will try to analyze the role played by branding communication in the “education” of the masses, on socialresponsibility and at a level of micro cultural trends. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the formation of symbolic meaning inbrand to consumer communication starting from the concepts of brand identity and brand image. We advance the hypothesis that themeaning of brand communication depends to a large extent on the “culture” developed by a mark’s symbolic functions.

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