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<![CDATA[Recent Advances in Apex Locators- A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Akshaya.R1 , Anjaneyulu K2 , A.K.Anjali3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12441
<![CDATA[Apex locator is an electronic device used in endodontics that determines the position of the apical constructionand it determines the root canal space length. Usually the correct working length determination is identifiedby using radiograph ,but electronic apex locators are being used increasingly nowadays. These electronicapex locators reduce the number of radiographs required and assist where radiographic methods createdifficulties. Detection of root canal perforation is also considered as one of the roles of an apex locator. Thebenefit of apex locators include that these devices are much less affected by fluid conductive media in thecanal. Some experience in the use of the apex locator will allow the clinician to recognize the differencesimmediately. It is used to find the working length determination, cementing the file in place, extracting thetooth and locating the file under magnification in the root canal . This review assesses the advantages andadvances that would enable the use in dentistry and determination of working length.]]>
<![CDATA[Immune Boosting Drugs -A Myth or Reality - A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Allour Vaishnavi1, Anitha Roy2 , A.K.Anjali3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12442
<![CDATA[The concept of boosting immunity was a popular one. Although the lay public is exposed to information onhow to boost immunity and the only evidence-based approach to this is vaccination. The aim of this reviewwas to analyze such immune boosters as a myth or reality and the information about immune-boostingdrugs available on the Internet. Of the 30 approaches to boost immunity recorded, the top ones were diet(76%), fruit (70%), vitamins (65%), antioxidants (54%), probiotics (52%), minerals (49%), and vitamin C(56%). Interestingly, vaccines ranked 27th, with only 12% mentioning them. Commercial websites are animportant component of the information available to the public on the topic and thus contribute to providinginformation that is biased. Vaccines have developed society by saving lives and dramatically reducing theburden of infectious disease. Most successful vaccines have been developed empirically, but recent advancesin immunology are beginning to shed new light on the mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection and thedevelopment of long-term immunity. The role of vaccination is to generate long term protection againstdiseases. Prime-boost vaccine strategies could improve cellular and also humoral immunity in severalanimal models, among various vaccine modalities. Although natural infection will often provide lifelongimmunity, current vaccinations need a booster dose to achieve durable protective humoral immune responses,regardless of whether the vaccine is based on infection with replicating live-attenuated vaccine strains of thespecific pathogen or whether they are derived from immunization with inactivated, non-replicating vaccinesor subunit vaccines. This review discusses the recent advances in immunization and the immune boostersand decides whether these are a myth or reality.]]>
<![CDATA[Awareness of Hand Hygiene among Dentists- A Questionnaire Survey ]]>
<![CDATA[Deepika. R1, Anitha Roy2 , A.K. Anjali3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12443
<![CDATA[Dentistry is a service sector where the doctors are in close contact with the patients. Hand hygiene is veryimportant in the dental practice as it can prevent infection to a great extent. The aim of the survey was toassess the importance of hand hygiene among dentists. A Questionnaire of 15 questions was prepared andcirculated in the google forms, the responses were collected, compiled, and updated on the SPSS softwarefor data analysis. Pie charts and bar graphs were used to evaluate and interpret the results. Chi-Squaretest was carried out to check statistical significance and p value <0.05 was considered as significant. Theresults obtained from the dentists who participated in the survey provide that the dentists were aware ofhand hygiene protocol and the survey showed that hand hygiene is important to every dentist in their dentalpractice . 98.1% of the population agreed that maintenance of hand hygiene by the dentists prevents thespread of infections; 81.1% of the dentists participated were aware that 7 steps involved in the hand hygieneprotocol ; 85% of the dentists were aware that, a minimum of 20 seconds are required for proper handwashingto maintain the hand hygiene, All the dentists participated in this survey agreed that hand hygiene has tobe maintained definitely before the patient contact; 97.2% of dentists also suggested that hand hygienemaintenance is more necessary among the health care workers and 74.8% of the dentists agreed as handhygiene is the most important criterion among their dental clinics. Thus, This survey could make awarenessamong the dentist regarding hand hygiene protocol.]]>
<![CDATA[Knowledge and Awareness about Craniofacial Surgery among Dental Students - A Survey ]]>
<![CDATA[Arun Kishore RN1 , L. Keerthi Sasanka2 , Visalakshi Ramanadhan3 , Dhanraj Ganapathy4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12444
<![CDATA[Craniofacial surgery is a subspecialty in dentistry that deals with congenital and acquired deformities ofhead, neck, skull, face and jaw and associated structures. Craniosynostosis, craniofacial clefts, cleft lip andpalate , teachers collins syndrome are a few typical defects treated by craniofacial surgeons.Craniofacialsurgery reconstructs damaged bone and tissue and improves the appearance of disfigured areas of the faceand head. For children with craniofacial anomalies, early surgery can minimize the impact of these conditionson growth, development, and function. Craniofacial surgery fellowship. Such fellowships are accessiblefor members with residency in oral and maxillofacial surgery , plastic and constructive surgeries. Thosesurgeons may be awarded as single degree or dual-degree surgeons, in US, cleft and craniofacial centers areavailable in special centres like academic institutions.The questions were prepared and distributed throughan online survey planet link the participants well explained about the study and the results were collectedand statistically analysed. From the analysed results we can see that the majority know about craniofacialsurgery is but not in depth . The awareness must be made on craniofacial surgery among undergraduatedental students. From the survey research done To evaluate the undergraduate dental students are aware andhave knowledge on craniofacial surgeries and techniques but not in depth.]]>
<![CDATA[Role of Microorganism as Bioremediation ]]>
<![CDATA[M.Kavya Shree1 , R.V Geetha2 , Leslie Rani.S3, Lakshmi.T4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12445
<![CDATA[Through agriculture, industry, and everyday life, harmful chemicals have been discharged into the world’s air,soil, and water. Depending on their fixations, these substances can have ruinous outcomes on environments,just as cause serious harm to people and different living beings close by. This chemical has been removedby the process of bioremediation,it is a biological mechanism of recycling wastes into another form thatcan be used and reused by other organisms.Nowadays, the world is confronting the issue of various naturalcontamination. Bioremediation has been viewed as a domain of well disposed, modest and effective methodsfor natural reclamation. Since microorganisms comprise a key factor of this innovation, information on thenature and molecular components of their resistance to expanded overwhelming metal fixations is essential.Microorganisms are basic for a key alternative for conquer challenges.Microorganisms survive in all placesin the biosphere because their metabolic activity is astonishing; then come into existence in all over arange of environmental conditions.The nutritional capacity of microorganisms is totally changed, so it isutilized as bioremediation of natural pollutants.Bioremediation is profoundly associated with corruption,eradication, immobilization, or detoxification of chemical waste and physical hazardous materials fromthe including through the exhaustive and movement of microorganisms. Microorganisms are the significantplayers in checking such burdens and reusing components by mineralizing or parceling poisons, even insituations poor in supplements or lacking accessibility of significant electron contributors and acceptor.Theaim of this review article to discuss the importance of microorganisms in bioremediation.]]>
<![CDATA[Recent Advances in Nutraceutical and Functional Food ]]>
<![CDATA[Pushpaanjali.G1 , R.V.Geetha2 , Leslie Rani.S3 , Lakshmi.T4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12446
<![CDATA[Food is just fortified into nutraceuticals and functional food. Nutraceuticals or bioceutical is a pharmaceuticalalternative which claims nutritional sources. Functional foods are modified food which improve health byproviding benefits beyond those provided by traditional nutrients. Eating habits and trends in food productionand consumption have healthy environmental and social impacts.Blood pressure effects from differentnutraceutical products have been studied with the specific food rich in minerals, lipids, whole protein andamino acid. Nutraceuticals range from isolated nutrients, specific diets to genetically engineered designerfood herbal products and processed food such as cereals, soup and beverages. Recent experiment has shownthat it may also inhibit plaque formation by bacteria in the mouth by the basic mechanism of inhibitingbiofilm formation. Plaque is the primary cause of gingivitis.When there is an increased plaque accumulation,there is also an elevation of microbial count in the saliva and biofilm. The plaque deposition around thegingival margin constituting bacteria that are anaerobic and aerobic is capable of initiating periodontaldisease and destruction. Fruits and vegetables contain thousands of biologically active phytochemicals someof which likely interact in a number of ways to prevent disease and promote health. Rapid changes in dietand lifestyle may enhance the expression of the harmful genes, which manifests in a sequence. There is anemergence of chronic disease in developing countries. Both pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals compoundsmight be used to cure or prevent diseases. Therapeutic injections like lipotropic injection are also shownto improve the result of diet and exercise.Compounds not suspected of having any antibacterial propertiessuch as pesticide were shown to increase the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics against astrain of staphylococcus aureus both alone and in conjunction with antibiotics where Carbapenem are oftenconsidered to have a broad spectrum of activity .]]>
<![CDATA[Will Poly Ether Ether Ketone Outshine the Existing Dental Materials? - An Overview ]]>
<![CDATA[Karishma Desai1, Subhabrata Maiti2 , Leslie Rani. S3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12447
<![CDATA[PEEK stands for Poly Ether Ether Ketone.. It is a semi crystalline polycyclic aromatic linear polymer. It is awhite and a radiolucent material that is rigid in nature. PEEK is the latest invention in the field of dentistry.It is known that this material can prove as a substitute for the existing dental materials. It is claimed that thishas better properties than other materials. PEEK has been the center of attention for a lot of scientists lookingfor better alternatives to the existing materials. Various researches and reviews have been carried out in detailto study this material. The role of Poly Ether Ether Ketone in dentistry by itself has been a majorly studiedtopic. A literature review was carried out using a systematic search strategy and articles were found usingkeywords. Literature was taken from databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles that discussed theproperties of PEEK and its applications were included. Other articles which had data regarding the structureand its advantages were also included. This review summarized the properties of Poly Ether Ether Ketone.Its structure, and other applications in different dental materials were also discussed in detail.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Root Canal Treated Anteriors in Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment ]]>
<![CDATA[Purva Verma1 , Naveen Kumar.M2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12448
<![CDATA[A definitive relationship exists between a root canal treated teeth and orthodontic tooth movement. Aim ofthis study was to assess the prevalence of root canal treated anteriors in the patients reporting for orthodontictreatment. Orthopantomogram of 550 patients were assessed for presence of any endodontically treatedupper and lower anterior and was re-verified with the clinical data. Descriptive Statistics was used to torepresent the data.Chi- Square test was done to evaluate the association of RC Treated anteriors between thegenders.Prevalence of endodontically treated anterior teeth was found 0.4% was found in the current study.Highest prevalence was of maxillary central incisors ,secondary to trauma , in 96% cases. Maxillary CentralIncisors are expected to be involved in trauma more frequently and therefore have higher incidence of rootcanal treatment. Multi-centre approach is needed before generalising the results to the entire population.]]>
<![CDATA[Importance of Zero Patient in Pandemics ]]>
<![CDATA[R.Pon Preeja1 , RV Geetha2 , Lakshminarayanan Arivarasu3, Lakshmi.T4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12449
<![CDATA[The patient zero is the first reported patient in a pandemic within a population, or the first documentedpatient incorporated in a pandemic study. Some scientists claimed that it’s important to examine primarycases . The term patient zero refers to the person identified as the first carrier of a communicable diseasein an outbreak of related cases. They act as a symbol for initial actions that have major downstreamconsequences.The primary recorded victim of the Ebola infection was a 44 year old teacher named MabolaLokela,who passed away on 8thSeptember 1970, 614 days after the clinical manifestation started .An infantin the Lewis House at 40 broad Road is viewed as the patient zero in the 1854 cholera outbreak in the Sohoneighborhood of London .Pandemic is a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or continents and itaffects more people and takes more lives than epidemic.It is an epidemic which takes place on a scale thatcrosses universal limits, generally influencing individuals on an overall scale. Detection of patient zero givesnew insight to epidemiologists about the nature of first transmissions into a population.it’s important to findthe first person infected with the pathogen.By knowing person’s history of patient zero we can determinethe outbreak of the disease and the route of transmission .Discovering them might be significant in certainoccasions, to know whether they are still alive and transmitting the infection. Identifying a “patient zero”is a rife with potential to provoke blame and scapegoating. Patient zero triggers a “desperate hunt” and iscontinuously giving expression to communal fears about dangerously reckless behaviour,Researchers havefound people harbour negative attitudes towards Patient zero.The patient zero issue comprises of findingthe source of a pandemic outbreak given,perceptions at a later time.Contemplating the patient zero issue weadditionally tackle the issue of finishing and rectifying the observation to people and false test results]]>
<![CDATA[Mitochondrial DNA and Ageing ]]>
<![CDATA[K.Sree Kala Priyadharsini1 , R.V.Geetha1 , Lakshminarayanan Arivarasu3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12450
<![CDATA[Mitochondrial DNA is a separate genome located in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells.Itsimportance in developmental outcome has often been neglected. However, its transmission and replicationare strictly regulated during early development, as they are integral to the viability and health of theoffspring.The accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations has been proposed as a potential mechanismin the physiological process of ageing and age-related disease. Although mitochondria have long beenanticipated as a perpetrator of ageing, there was little experimental evidence to link these changes directlywith the cellular pathology of ageing. Recently, considerable progress in understanding basic mitochondrialgenetics and in identifying acquired mtDNA mutations in ageing has been made. Furthermore, the creationof mtDNA-mutator mice has provided the first direct evidence that accelerating the mtDNA mutation canresult in premature ageing, consistent with the view that loss of mitochondrial function is a major causalfactor in ageing. This review will, therefore, focus on recent developments in ageing research related to therole played by mitochondrial DNA.]]>
