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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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HbA1c and Serum Level of VEGF in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Surasmiati N.M.A.; Wijayati, M.P; Pramita, I.A.A; Pantjawati, N.L.D.; Andayani, A.
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18311

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine whether HbA1c level has a correlation with vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF) serum level in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients.Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study of patients with DR due to type 2 diabetes, with a purposivesampling technique. Patients were grouped into non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR). HbA1cand VEGF serum levels were assessed by taking the patient’s venous blood.Results: A total of 82 samples were included, in which the mean HbA1c levels were 8.17% ± 1.91% and the medianVEGF levels were 85.78 ng/L (range 38.23-149.43 ng/L). A total of 23 out of 35 NPDR patients were female (65.7%),while 29 out of 47 PDR patients were male (61.7%). Approximately 61.7% of PDR patients had a DM duration ofmore than 10 years, while 62.9% of NPDR patients had DM duration of less than 10 years. There was an increasein the mean of HbA1c levels in the PDR group compared to NPDR, although it was not statistically significant (p =0.214), and there was no difference in the median VEGF levels of the two groups. Spearman’s correlation analysisrevealed no correlation between HbA1 and VEGF levels in diabetic retinopathy, in both the NPDR and PDRgroups (correlation coefficient 0.183 and -0.022 respectively).Conclusion: No statistically significant correlation was found between HbA1c and VEGF serum levels in diabeticretinopathy patients. In this study poor glycemic control were not proven for their implications for VEGFprogression. VEGF serum levels may not be used as a marker of DR severity.
Protein Content Test of Tilapia Fish Extract (Oreochromis Mossambicus) before and after Freeze Dry Using Biuret Method Walin; Hardono Susanto; Bagoes Widjanarko; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18312

Abstract

Objective: To determine the difference in protein content of tilapia extract before and after drying process.Materials and Methods: This study was designed with a true experimental design. The research sample wastilapia fish extract with 3 replications in each sample. The measurement of protein content was carried out onsamples before and after drying. The drying process of tilapia extract was carried out for 48 hours using a freezedryer. Furthermore, the dried samples were tested for protein content using the biuret method supported by theUV-Vis Spectrophotometer instrument. The testing stages include making the standard solution, determining themaximum wavelength, determining the operating time, and making a standard curve.Results: Showed that the protein content of tilapia extract before and after drying was 2.23% and 27.4%,respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the proteincontent of tilapia fish before and after drying.Conclusion: There was an increase in protein content of tilapia fish extract after drying by 25.17%.
Regression Models for Postmortem Interval Estimation by using Accumulated Degree Hours and Potassium in Vitreous and Blood Warachate Khobjai; Pongpitsanu Pakdeenarong; Woratouch Vichuwanich
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18313

Abstract

The biochemical changes of corpse are using forthe postmortem interval (PMI) estimation, but decomposition isvaried due to many factors. Ambient temperature is believed to be the most important factor which is related tobiochemical change in the human corpse by using accumulated degree hours (ADH). The aim of this researchwas to develop exponential formula to estimate the PMI based on a potassium and ADH as the parameters. Thesecondary data analysis is conducted on 3 articles published in Thailand. The correlation data were analyzed bypotassium, ADH, and time of death in each experiment. The temperature data was provided by the ThailandMeteorology Department (TMD). These results suggested that this developed method can use for PMI estimation.The additional step, namely to calculate the ADH from the finding date back until the predicted day of death fromcase reported and TMD. The regression analysis had a high reliability. The potassium level significantly estimatesthe PMI (R2 = 0.9183, 0.8296 and 0.7142 for pig vitreous, corpse vitreous and corpse blood, respectively). Whenusing the ADH in pig vitreous, the R2 increased to 0.9931. The developed potassium regression models are apractical method to measure PMI. The PMI can be estimated using this method, but caution is advised in case witha long PMI. It can be used to estimate the mortality time of the fresh-early decomposition stage, up to 48 hours.Due to the longer mortality, there may be a gradual rate of change and samples cannot be collected.
Histological and Histochemical Features of the Newly Lactating Udderinlocal Breed She Goat (Caprice Hirccus) Yousif R.Jumaah; Abdul KarimJafar Karim
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18314

Abstract

Six samples of one day post parturition mammary glands of local breed goats were used for this work. The samplesof glands were dissected the tissue specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution. The specimens were processedaccording to paraffin embedding technique, sectioned at 5-6μm and stained by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’sTrichrom stains and Verhoff stain. The newly lactating mammary gland was covered by very thick, well glandularskin that measured 210.32±9.03μm. The mammary parenchyma was composed of groups of huge mammarylobes which separated by well vascular thick layer of inter lobar fibrous tissue that measured 986.19±23.10 μm(Thickness). The mean of surface area of mammary lobe was134785.48±15.89μm², it was consisted of numeroussmall size lobules that measured 9848.79±23.75μm² and separated from each other by thin layer of fibro muscularinter lobular connective tissue that measured 138.16±4.11 μm. The lobule was composed of mammary alveoliwhich revealed marked secretory activities. The mean surface area of alveolus was 784.79±19.09 μm² that linedby cuboidal cells that measured 14.11±1.09 μm. Duct system of newly lactating mammary gland was intra lobularduct, large inter lobar duct, largest lactiferous sinus, the lactiferous sinus was drainage to glandular cisterna thatopened into teat cisterna and the later opened into teat canal. Gland cisterna was huge chamber had wide irregularshaped lumen. The mucosa of gland cisterna had few mucosal folds which lined by simple cuboidal epitheliumand supported a lamina propria of dense fibro muscular connective tissue. The epithelium of cisterna which closeto the mammary lobules was supported thick layer of well vascular fibrous connective tissue. Teat cisterna wascomposed of mucosal folds that supported by fibro muscular layer with venous plexus.
The Effectiveness of the Revitalization of “Jogo Tonggo” as Local Wisdom in Vigilance and Prevention of Transmission of COVID-19 in Central Java Province Yulianto Prabowo; Agus Suwandono; Bagoes Widjanarko; Sutopo Patriajati; Aris Sugiharto
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18315

Abstract

Background: Jogo tonggo is an empowerment effort to increase community participation in preventing thetransmission and spread of Covid-19 in Central Java. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of the revitalizationof “jogo tonggo” as local wisdom toward increasing community knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towardCOVID-19.Methods: This study is true-experimental study involving 352 respondents, which are divided into the experimentalgroup and the control group. The used statistical analyses were paired simple t-test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon.Results: There was an increase in the mean after intervention between group 1 and group 2 including knowledgeof “jogo tonggo” (δ=2.39; p=0.001), knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms and transmission modes (δ=2.87; p=0.001),knowledge of prevention methods of COVID-19 (δ=1.63; p=0.001), attitudes towards “jogo tonggo” (δ=2.00;p=0.004), attitudes towards COVID-19 (δ=1.58; p=0.011), and COVID-19 prevention behavior (δ=6.04; p=0.001).Conclusion: The revitalization of “jogo tonggo” can increase knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward COVID-19.
Simvastatin Toxicity Induces Alteration of Bladder Thickness in Interstitial Cystitis Rat Model Z K Yusuf; A D I Hasanuddin; M N S Yusuf; M T Posumah; N Ibrahim; R Tianggara
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18316

Abstract

Background: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory of the bladder, while statin can increase its risk.Recently, the exact mechanism is yet known. We hypothesizedsimvastatin can induce alteration of bladderthickness.Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were aged 6-8 weeks old were divided into two groups and weretreated with simvastatin 50 mg/kg BW or carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% by oral gavage for 30 days. Each groupwas then equally subdivided into three groups: control, Interstitial Cystitis (IC) day-0, and IC day-3. Either ICor control rat group was induced by intravesical instillation of protamine sulfate or buffered saline respectively.All animals in the control and IC day-0 group were sacrificed and collected for the bladder tissue in less thanthree hours following intravesical treatment, while animals in the IC day-3 group three days after. All collectedtissue was prepared in hematoxylin-eosin staining and measured for the bladder thickness, namely the urothelial,suburothelial, and detrusor layer by image analyzer application.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups receiving simvastatin and placebo in thethickness of the urothelium, suburothelium, and detrusor layers in all rat models, both control, IC0, and IC3 rats(all p values > 0.05). However, the thickness of the urothelium layer was consistently lower in the simvastatingroup than in the placebo group in all rat models.Conclusion: Mechanism of simvastatin toxicity on bladder tissue through urothelial denudation thus may alterthe urothelial barrier function.
Comparative Study on Post Mortem Analysis of Sodium and Potassium Levels of Vitreous Humour and Synovial Fluid in Determining Time Since Death Gurpreet Singh; DK Sharma; Deepali Pathak; Sumanta Dutta
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18329

Abstract

Background: Time since death (TSD) is the period between the death and time of examination of a body. Numerousstudies conducted on analysis of potassium in vitreous humour have shown that the vitreous potassium levelsincrease with rise in TSD. Studies done on postmortem biochemistry of synovial fluid have proposed a positivelinear relationship between potassium and TSD. But, very few authors have compared findings of these two fluids.So, this study was undertaken to compare the accuracy of determining post-mortem interval from Sodium andPotassium levels of vitreous humour and synovial fluid.Methods: A total of 140 cases were taken with certified time of death. These were divided into 7 groups i.e.0-6 hours, 6-12 hours, 12-18 hours, 18-24 hours, 24-30 hours, 30-36 hours and above 36 hours. Vitreous humour andSynovial fluid from knee joint were aspirated from both sides of body and were analyzed using Medica EasylyteNa/K Analyser. Results were obtained using SPSS 24 software.Conclusions: Potassium has a strong positive correlation with TSD in both fluids. Sodium has weak negativecorrelation. There is no difference between values of both sides. There is no statistically significant differencebetween values of Vitreous humour and Synovial Fluid. Hence, both can be used alternatively.

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