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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Correlation between Hard and Soft Tissue Lower Anterior Facial Height of Different Skeletal Pattern on South Indian Population Seerab Husain1 , Naveen Kumar2 , Sri Rengalakshmi2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12421

Abstract

The soft tissue is in close contact to the underlying skeletal hard tissue and takes up whatever form isdictated by the hard tissue. Yet, there exists some variations in cases of which, the soft tissue thickness variesin certain places to camouflage the skeletal deficiency. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluatethe correlation of hard and soft tissue lower anterior facial height (LAFH) of different skeletal patternson the south indian population. The study consisted of 30 lateral cephalograms, which were divided intothree groups based on the skeletal relationship: Group A - Class I skeletal pattern, Group B - Class IIskeletal pattern and Group C - Class III skeletal pattern. All the groups contained 10 radiographs each of thatparticular skeletal pattern. FACAD software was used to do the digital tracing and analysis. The obtainedresults were tabulated and were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software version 23. The resultsof Pearson’s correlation test revealed that Group A and Group B were positively correlated with statisticalsignificance, whereas Group C was statistically insignificant. Hence, soft tissue LAFH can be used as avaluable indicator and an adjunct in diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic cases.
Dry Mouth for Older Patients- Problems and Treatments - A Survey among Dental Undergraduates Kandhal Yazhini1 , Keerthi Sasanka2 , Yuvaraj Babu K3, Visalakshi Ramanadha4 , Dhanraj Ganapathy5
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12422

Abstract

Dry mouth is a common complication faced by elderly people. It causes weakness and discomfort. Drymouth is responsible for significant oropharyngeal disorder and pain which in turn leads to impairedquantity of lifestyle. Hyposalivation may cause dry mouth. The reasons for dry mouth may vary. Surveywas conducted online. Questionnaire which consisted of 10 questions related to the present survey wasprepared and distributed through google forms. Study population consists of 100 dental undergraduates.Data were collected and statistically analysed. This created an awareness on knowledge about dry mouth,its cause, its problems and treatments for older patients and knowledge about this topic helps the dentist toplan treatments for such patients. This study shows that there is a moderate to high level of knowledge onthis topic among dental undergraduates. It is important for dental students to be aware about this topic, sothat better diagnosis plans and relevant treatments can be done. Majority of the population are aware that drymouth is a common condition among older patients and may cause weakness and discomfort.
Role of Bruxism in Prosthetic Treatments- A Survey Shabbarish Chockalingam1 , Keerthi Sasanka2 , Yuvaraj Babu K3 , Visalakshi Ramanathan4 , Dhanraj Gan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12423

Abstract

Bruxism is a parafunctional habit of grinding of teeth and it results in an overload of occlusal loading thatputs on more pressure on the teeth and the subsequent prosthetics causing them to fail, it is a commonphenomenon affecting nearly 30% of the general population but is not looked into with deep detail. A surveyof 16 questions was sent to 114 respondents. The questionnaire was made on Google Forms, it had severaloptions for each question to get a response as accurate as possible. The incomplete responses were rejectedand the data was collected and compiled using SPSS software. The compiled data was compared with theresults of other studies and the important questions were discussed. This study conclusively found that theawareness of Bruxism and its effect on prosthetic treatments is high and that the data can be used in futuretreatments resulting in reduced failure of prosthetics due to habits such as
Ebola Virus and Its Immunopathogenesis - A Review Umayal.S1 , A.S.Smiline Girija2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12424

Abstract

Ebola virus, a highly pathogenic DNA virus, is associated with severe systemic complications in both manand animals. Ebola virus is transmitted through direct and indirect contact. The first Ebola virus outbreakwas due to the zoonotic transmission followed by human to human. These viruses encompass seriouspathophysiological events like systemic viral replication, immune suppression, abnormal inflammatoryresponses, major fluid and electrolyte losses and high mortality. Diagnosis and laboratory tests, typicallyreal time reverse transcription PCR is used to detect viral genome. The 2013 - 2016 outbreak was classifiedby WHO as a public health emergency of international concern, which drew attention to the challenges ofdiseases caused by infection with Ebola virus and societal preparation to handle future epidemics. Thisreview throws insight on the immune-pathogenesis of ebola viruses from the articles retrieved from varioussearch engines like Pubmed and Google scholar.
Prevalence of Anterior Crossbite in Children Visiting A University Hospital in Chennai - A Retrospective Study Lasya Genji1 , Geo Mani2, Raghu Sandhya3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12425

Abstract

Anterior crossbite is a common malocclusion in early mixed dentition.Teeth with proper occlusion playsan important role in speech, mastication, deglutition. Determining its prevalence is important for earlycorrection. The objective of the study was to assess prevalence of anterior crossbite in children visitinguniversity hospital Chennai. A sample of 4355 patients of age 6-13 years visiting the hospital were taken.We reviewed patients records, analysed data of 7415 patients between June 2019 to March 2020 and clinicalfindings are recorded.The data is then tabulated in microsoft excel. Chi square test is used for comparisonof groups. The data is analysed with the help of SPSS software.In this study we observed that 3.7% of thetotal patients showed incidence of anterior crossbite. Prevalence of anterior crossbite is observed to be morein age groups between 10-13 years followed by 6-9 years. Within the limitations of the study, 3% of thechildren visiting university hospital have anterior crossbite.
Eclia Test- Review G.Nivedhita1 , M.P.Brundha2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12426

Abstract

Chemiluminescent immunoassay is a modification of standard enzyme immunoassay which is a biochemicaltechnique that has evolved to be used in recent times. Immunoassay is a diagnostic biochemical test usedto quantify an analyte or a specific substance from blood or other body fluids. Electrochemiluminescenceimmunoassay (ECLIA) is a new developing method to determine antibodies in human being’s bloodsample.this has evolved from various other immunoassay methods that were previously used for detectionof enzyme/antibody etc. The test takes place following three principles. Electrochemiluminescenceimmunoassay testing has been used to detect many markers such as typhoid, cardiac, tumor markers andvarious infectious diseases in in-vitro analysis. It is also frequently used in the detection of recombinantspecific treponemal antigens. Research articles were searched from search engines such as MeSH, pubMed,Core, Google Scholar, Cochrane etc. the time period considere was from 2000 - 2020 which is 20 years.Articles were studied and data were collected under different headings. In Spite of many advantages ofimmunoassays, they have some limitations. Immunoassays rely primarily on activity between analyteand the natural antibody, they may have more intrinsic imprecision than other methods used in medicineanalysis. Biological markers might produce false positive results and usage of viral markers is still not foundfor the process of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay test. Late night salivary cortisol concentration,an indicator of cushing’s syndrome, is detected using this test. This research provides in-depth knowledgeand awareness of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay tests and paves the way for better diagnosticmethods for the future.
Amount of Tooth Reduction in Fixed Partial Denture Tasleem Abitha S1 , Dhanraj Ganapathy2 , Geo Mani3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12427

Abstract

Fixed Partial Denture is a restoration that is used or otherwise securely retained to natural teeth, tooth rootsand dental implants abutments to furnish the primary support for the prosthesis. Tooth preparation for fixeddental prosthesis is a common procedure in clinical practice among general dentists should perform correctly.The aim of this present study was to evaluate the trends in the amount of tooth structure reduction in fixedpartial denture done by dental students.Three thirteen patients were examined for the study. Each patient’sprepared teeth were noted under certain parameters. Data collection was taken from DIAS, a dental archive.Three thirteen patients’ details of fixed partial denture were taken and the collected datas statistically analysedby a software SPSS. The Parameters observed were over reduction,under reduction, rough surfaces ,pulpaldamage and finish lines..Over reduction during tooth preparation was the most common error followed bypulpal damage ,rough surfaces and under reduction.However there was no statistically significant differencesbetween undergraduate and postgraduate students with respect to all the above mentioned parameters.
Prevalence of Periodontal Abscess among Patients Visiting A Private Dental College and Hospital in Chennai, India Ankita Komal Labh1 , Pratibha Ramani2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12428

Abstract

Periodontal abscess is a frequently occurring condition in the oral cavity in which periodontal tissue such asbone, cementum, periodontal ligament and gingival are destroyed. It is more often than not associated withperiodontal pockets and periodontitis and is a marker of active bone destruction in the periodontal region.It is the third most frequent dental emergency and its treatment has been a challenge for many years. Theaim of this study is to assess the prevalence of periodontal abscess among patients reporting to a DentalUniversity Hospital, Chennai. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted after reviewing patientrecords and analysing the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020. Microsoft Excel®Data spreadsheet was used to tabulate the data. The variables involved were gender, age group, site andchief complaint. Data was then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows(Version 19, 2010) for further analysis. The age groups were 11-20 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years and 71-80 years. From the data analysed through the Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (Version 19, 2010), it was observed that the overall incidence ofperiodontal abscess was higher in males (68.2%) than females (31.8%). 31-40 year olds had the highestincidence at 39.4%. The most common site was sextant 4 (22.7%). Pain was the most observed complaint(45.5%). Most common site of occurrence was sextant 1 in males and sextant 4 in females. (Chi square =0.832 < expected value of 2.55, data is statistically significant) Within the limitations of the current study,periodontal abscess has a male predilection between age group 31-40 years with most common site beingsextant 4. Pain was the most common symptom reported.
Role of Vitamin C in Immune Function of Human Body V.Nancy Selvamary1 , M.P.Brundha2 , A.S.Smiline Girija3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12429

Abstract

Vitamin C is an important micronutrient for humans with pleiotropic function associated with its ability todonate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatoryenzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune system defense by supporting various cellular functions ofboth the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function againstenvironmental oxidative stress. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells like neutrophils, and mayenhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species and ultimately microbial killing.It is also needed for apoptosis and clearance of the spent neutrophils from sites of infection by macrophages.Vitamin C deficiency leads to impaired immunity and better susceptibility to infections. In turn infectionssignificantly impact on Vitamin C levels thanks to enhanced inflammation and metabolic requirements. Incontrast treatment of established infections requires a significantly higher dose of vitamin to catch up onthe increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.one of the most reasons people take vitamin csupplements is to spice up their immunity as vitamin C is involved in many parts of the immune system.First, vitamin c helps encourage the assembly of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and phagocyteswhich helps to protect the body against various infections. Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that can boostblood antioxidant levels and vitamin c rich foods and supplements have been linked to reduce blood uricacid levels. Many studies show vitamin c intake lower risk of several cancers and also reduced risks of eyediseases . Vitamin Cis an essential nutrient for healthy immune function. The main aim of the paper is toknow the role of Vitamin C in immune function of the human body.
A Survey on Knowledge about Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Disease among Dental Students S.M.Sowbaraniya1 , Anitha Roy2 , N.P.Muralidharan3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12430

Abstract

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive speciesin cells and tissues which can lead to various neuronal degenerative diseases and also oral diseases such asperiodontitis and dental caries. Long term inflammation can lead to an inflammatory disease which is alsodue to impairment of the immune system in healthy tissue. In oral cavity it may cause conditions such asperiodontitis, gingivitis.The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding oxidativestress and inflammatory disease among dental students . A survey was conducted among 100 dental studentsin a private dental college. The questionnaire was circulated through google forms. Ten questions relatedto oxidative stress and inflammatory disease were included in the study and the responses were collectedand analysed using SPSS.Chi-Square test was carried out and p <0.05 was considered as significant. It wasobserved that 80% of students were aware about increase in oxidative stress and 60% of students were awareof oral disease such as periodontitis which helps in treatment plan of the patients .85% of students thinks thatstress was also one of the reasons for increasing oxidative stress.80% of students were with the opinion thatincreased oxidative stress increase the chance of getting various inflammatory disease.50% of students wereaware that using antioxidant supplements increase the survival rate of patient and showed better therapeuticresponse.It was observed that students were aware of clinical symptoms and the effects of oxidative stress inoral health and various reasons for causing inflammatory disease. However, still more knowledge regardingthis will help in early diagnosing of disease caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory disease.

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