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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 211   212   213   214   215 
Transalveolar Extractions in Different Age Groups Vivek.D.Menon1 , M R Muthusekhar2 , Dinesh Prabu3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12531

Abstract

To evaluate the prevalence of difficult extractions in different age groups. A retrospective study was donein an institutional setting. The data was retrieved from the college’s patient records. All the patients whounderwent transalveolar extractions were included in this study at a given time frame from june 2019 tomarch 2020. The patients’ age, gender and method of extraction were retrieved and tabulated. The data wasthen analyzed using a software (SPSS). A total of 291 patients were involved in this study,majority of thepatients belonged to the 31-40 years age group, 160 patients being male and the remaining 131 being femalepatients. Most difficult tooth which was commonly encountered during extraction was lower mandibularthird molars. Lower third molars are one of the most difficult teeth to be extracted, an increased number ofcases were seen in the 31-40 years age group, hence a better approach and skill to be trained in extractinglower third molars can be done in order to avoid further complications.
Incidence of Pathologies Associated with Impacted Mandibular Premolars and Third Molars Yandeti Srinivasulu1 , Abdul Wahab2 , Senthil Murugan.P3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12532

Abstract

Impaction is the cessation of eruption or failure of a tooth to erupt caused by a physical barrier in theeruption path, abnormal positioning of tooth and loss of space are other impediments.The rising incidenceof impacted teeth and their influence on the dental arches have long been of concern to the oral maxillofacialsurgeons.The aim of the study is to evaluate different types of Mandibular pathologies associated withimpacted third molars. This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Oral and MaxillofacialSurgery in Saveetha Dental College, Chennai . A total of 470 cases ranging in the age from 18 years to 45years with the diagnosis of Impacted mandibular third molars were considered for this study. Data wereanalysed using IBM SPSS statistics.This study showed vertical impaction and mesioangular impaction weremost frequently involved in the formation of cystic lesions among which vertical impaction occupied (1.7%)and mesioangular impaction (0.2%).Tumors with 0.6% are associated with vertical impaction of mandibularthird molar followed by mesioangular and distoangular impactions.Within the limitation of the study,weobserved that there exists a significant incidence of Pathologies associated with impacted mandibular thirdmolars .
Prevalence of Oral Lichen Planus and Assessment of Factors Associated with It- A Retrospective Study Sanjana Devi1 , Revathi Duraisamy2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12533

Abstract

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that evolves in outbreaks, affecting the skin,mucous membranes or both. It is a recurrent disease. Etiology of lichen planus include anxiety, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, mainly chronic liver disease, intestinal diseases, increased cholesterol, medications,stress, hypertension, infections, contact with dental materials, cancer and a genetic predisposition to cancer.It mainly affects the middle aged and the elderly, with a predominance in females in a ratio of 2:1. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Lichen planus assessment of factors associated withit. A retrospective study was conducted in the Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India. Ethical clearancewas obtained from SRB committee, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India. The clinical portion of thisretrospective study was conducted over a 9 month period,i.e, between June, 2019 to March,2020. Somepatients reported with pain while for others it was observed during routine examination. Data was collectedfrom a total of 86000 patients who visited Saveetha dental college between Jun,2019 to March,2020. Outof this, the data of 99 patients who visited the institute were retrieved. The data obtained was tabulated inSPSS for windows, version 20. Descriptive statistics were analysed. Chi square test was done to analysecorrelation. Data Analysis in the present study revealed that oral lichen planus was more predominant infemales. It was more predominant between 50-59 years of age. The erosive variety of oral lichen planuswas more predominant, most commonly affects the buccal mucosa and diabetes was the most predominantsystemic disease in these patients. The association was found to be statistically significant between clinicalvariants of oral lichen planus and age (P=0.000) and gender (P=0.000). However, association was not foundto be statistically significant between clinical variants of oral lichen planus and area affected (P=0.146),dental status (P=0.795) and systemic diseases (P=0.602).
Reliability of Profile Photography for Determining Growth Pattern and Sagittal Jaw Relationship in Different Classes of Malocclusions Prasanna T.R1 , Navaneethan.R2 , Sri Rengalakshmi3 , Prasanna Arvind T.R.4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12534

Abstract

Although the importance of facial photography has been stressed in literature, there are no studies on itsdiagnostic potential. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic merit of photography in detectinggrowth patterns and jaw relationships. Standardized lateral cephalograms and profile photographs were takenfor 40 patients. On cephalometry, growth patterns and sagittal classifications were determined. Diagnosticphotography- based measurements for detecting departures from the norm were calculated according tothe gold standard (lateral cephalometry). Independent sample t-test was used for comparing mandibularplane angles with profile photography and with lateral cephalometry. The mean value of the mandibularplane angle as determined by lateral cephalometry is 30.27+4.59. The mean value of the mandibularplane angle as determined by profile photography is 31.80+4.76. There was no significant difference seen.Profile photography is equally reliable as lateral cephalometry in detecting mandibular plane angle. Profilephotography can be used as a perfectly accurate measurement tool for detecting horizontal and verticalgrowth patterns. It is also a rather accurate method for detecting normal growth patterns, as well as bothClass I and non-Class I jaw relationships. These results highlight this non-invasive and economic method asan effective diagnostic tool. There is good association between lateral cephalometry and profile photographyin detecting mandibular plane angle in different skeletal groups as well.
Prevalence of Angular Cheilitis and Assessment of Factors Associated with It - A Retrospective Study Sanjana Devi1 , Revathi Duraisamy2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12535

Abstract

Angular cheilitis is inflammation of the skin, occurring at the labial commissure – the angle of the mouth.It is an eroded and erythematous non-vesicular lesion that can occur at one or both corners of the mouth.The point of interface for squamous epithelium of the face and oral mucosa is at the angle of the mouth . Itis also a mechanically dynamic hinge for the oral aperture that endures more motion and tensile forces thanthe rest of the lips. Thus, the commissures are especially susceptible to certain stresses. Other names forangular cheilitis include angular cheilosis, angular stomatitis, commissural stomatitis, rhagades, or perleche.The increased prevalence is associated with human immunodeficiency virus, usage of immunosuppressantsand corticosteroids, increased usage of oral prosthesis in the elderly, xerostomia, expanded usage of oralantibiotics, obesity and diabetes to name a few. In young children, angular cheilitis is associated withhabitual lip licking, thumb sucking, or biting of the corners of the mouth, whereas in older patients it occursfrom sagging at the commissures of the mouth. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence ofangular cheilitis and assessment of factors associated with it. A retrospective study was conducted in theSaveetha Dental College, Chennai, India. Ethical clearance was obtained from SRB committee, SaveethaDental College, Chennai, India. The clinical portion of this retrospective study was conducted over a 9month period,i.e, between June, 2019 to March,2020. Some patients reported with pain while for others itwas observed during routine examination. Data was collected from a total of 86000 patients who visitedSaveetha dental college between Jun,2019 to March,2020. Out of this, the data of 57 patients who visitedthe institute and were diagnosed with angular cheilitis were retrieved. The data obtained was tabulated inSPSS for windows, version 20. Descriptive statistics were analysed. Chi square test was done to analyseassociation of habits of the patient with age, gender,dental status and systemic diseases of patients withangular cheilitis. The results of the study indicated angular cheilitis was more predominant in males and itwas more predominant between 40-49 years of age. Angular cheilitis was more predominant in completelyedentulous patients and diabetes was the most common systemic disease among the patients. There wasstatistically significant association between gender (P=0.002) and habits of the patient. However, there wasno statistically significant association between age(P=0.278), dental status (P=0.137) and systemic diseases(P=0.817) with habits of the patient.
Analysis of the Cost Associated with the Treatment of Early Childhood Caries in Children Aged 2-6 Years Pavithiraa Sankar1 , Deepa Gurunathan2 , Vignesh Ravindran3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12536

Abstract

One cannot deny that cost factor plays an important role in the treatment phase of any disease and thus canwidely affect the patient’s acceptance to treatment. Overall cost of treatment gives an idea of the approximatecost differences that can be expected by patients. In this given study we aim to analyse the overall cost fortreatment procedures done for children suffering from early childhood caries in the state of Tamil Nadu. Thisis a hospital based retrospective study. All data of the patients visiting Saveetha Dental College and hospitalsfrom June 2019 to March 2020 located in Chennai were retrieved manually. Children who were diagnosedwith early childhood caries between 2-6 years who had at least one procedure done were included. A totalof 1210 patients were included in the study out of which 660 were males (54.55%), and 550 were females(46.45%). Out of 1210 patients: average costs for 1 to 5 procedures: Rs 231/-, 6 to 10 procedures: Rs 698/-,11 to 15 procedures: Rs 1222/-, 16 to 20 procedures: Rs 1783/-, 21 to 25 procedures: Rs 2419/-, 26 to 30procedures: Rs 2765/-, 31 to 35 procedures: Rs 3261/-, 36 to 40 procedures: Rs 3713/-, 41 to 45 procedures:Rs 3893/-. Out of total procedures the patient count for 1 to 5 procedures: 715, 6 to 10 procedures: 232,11 to 15 procedures: 98, 16 to 20 procedures: 47, 21 to 25 procedures: 40, 26 to 30 procedures: 30, 31 to35 procedures: 25, 36 to 40 procedures: 12, 41 to 45 procedures: 4. We can conclude that the most of thepatients required 1 - 5 dental procedures with the frequency being highest at 5 years and mostly in malechildren and the overall cost had a gradual linear increase with the increase in the number of procedures.
Evaluation of Primary Central Incisors Requiring Restoration and Pulpectomy in 2 to 6 Year Old Children-An Observational Study Pavithiraa Sankar, Vignesh Ravindran
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12537

Abstract

One of the first teeth to get affected by early childhood caries are the primary central incisors therebyesthetics is a main concern in restorations related to primary anterior teeth. In this study the severity ofcarious lesions are identified by the type of treatment performed. It is a retrospective study analyzing theneed for a restoration as compared to a pulp therapy in primary central teeth. This is a private hospital basedretrospective study. This is a hospital based retrospective study. All data of the patients visiting SaveethaDental College and hospitals from June 2019 to March 2020 located in Chennai were retrieved manually.Children who were diagnosed with early childhood caries between 2-6 years who had caries in at least oneof the primary central incisors (51, 61 ,71, 82) indicated for restorations or pulpectomy were included. Atotal of 832 teeth were treated out of which 476 were of males (57.21%) and 356 were of females (43.89%).The highest number of treatment procedures was done in 3-4 year olds – 244 procedures (58.53%). The mostcommonly treated tooth was primary maxillary left central incisor – 389 procedures (45.67%). Only 31.25%of the teeth underwent pulpectomy procedures. We can conclude restorations were performed in 3-4 year oldcommon among male children in the primary maxillary left central incisor when compared to pulpectomy.
Association between Composite Restoration in Anterior Teeth and Secondary Caries Nurul Syamimi binti Mohd Azlan Sunil1 , Iffat Nasim2 , Revathi Duraisamy3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12538

Abstract

Composite resin is one of the most commonly used restorative material during the past decade as it providesdesirable esthetics, easy to manipulate and minimal cavity preparation required. Despite numerous benefitsprovided by composites, several clinical studies have reported short longevity and higher rate of failure incomposite restoration. One of the main reasons for failure was due to recurrent or secondary caries. The aimof this study was to evaluate the association between composite restoration in anterior teeth and secondarycaries. This study included patients above 18 years with composite restoration filled anterior teeth whoreported to dental hospital from June 2019 to March 2020. Patients below 18 years, medically compromisedpatients and patients without anterior composite restorations were excluded from the study. A total of around86000 patient records were reviewed and analysed for the inclusion criteria and the following parameterswere extracted; (i) Patient’s gender, (ii) teeth involved, (iii) presence of secondary caries and (iv) typesof restoration. Data was recorded into Microsoft Office Excel (2013) and analysed using SPSS softwareVersion 26.0. Chi-square test was done to find out correlation of presence of secondary caries betweenvariables such as patient’s gender, teeth involved and types of restoration. Significant test level was set atp<0.05. A total of 1062 teeth presented with composite restoration in anterior teeth. 17.6% of compositefilled anteriors presented with secondary caries. Class III restoration had the highest prevalence of secondarycaries (61%) and was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Females (18.3%) had higher incidenceof secondary caries than compared to males (16.6%). Maxillary central incisors had the highest presenceof secondary caries (64.2%). Within the limits of this study, it was observed that less number of compositefilled anterior teeth had secondary caries and females presented with more number of anterior compositerestoration with secondary caries compared to males. Class III restorations demonstrated higher presence ofsecondary caries than other types of restoration.
Evaluation of Direct/Indirect Pulp Capping Procedures Requiring Root Canal Therapy Nurul Syamimi binti Mohd Azlan Sunil1 , Revathi Duraisamy2 , Iffat Nasim
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12539

Abstract

The common objective of pulp capping is to induce a physical protective barrier over the pulp to maintain thevitality and function of the tooth. Indirect pulp capping is done in cases where deep carious lesions are foundin tooth and lesion is adjacent to vital pulp tissues. Pulp capping remains a controversial topic as opinions onpulp capping treatment vary from clinicians, despite new advances gained through research. Many cliniciansare reluctant to opt for direct pulp capping as a treatment option in cases of carious exposed pulp may be dueto conflicting data and findings reported regarding success rate of pulp capping. The aim of this study wasto evaluate the number of direct/indirect pulp capping cases which underwent root canal therapy. This studyincluded adults above 18 years who had previously undergone direct/indirect pulp capping and reportedto dental hospital between June 2019 to March 2020. Around 86000 patient records were reviewed andanalysed for the inclusion criteria and the following parameters were extracted; (i) Patient’s gender, (ii) typeof pulp capping, (iii) teeth involved and (iv) teeth which underwent root canal therapy. Data was recordedin Microsoft Office Excel (2013) and analysed using SPSS Software Version 26.0. Chi-square test was doneto find out correlation between variables. Significant level test was set at p<0.05. A total of 218 teeth werefound to have undergone pulp capping, those of which were 33.9% direct pulp capped tooth and 66.1%indirect pulp capped tooth. The teeth involved were 4.1% anteriors, 9.6% premolars and 86.2% molars.18.8% of capped teeth underwent root canal therapy. More females (21%) underwent root canal therapythan males (17.5%). A higher percentage of premolars underwent root canal therapy compared to other teeth(42.9%) and more indirect pulp capped teeth underwent root canal therapy (20.1%) than direct pulp cappedteeth (16.2%). Within the limits of this study, it was observed that the number of pulp capping cases whichunderwent root canal therapy is about one fifth and was more commonly seen in premolars and in indirectpulp capping cases.
Gingival Health Status in Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate: A Case Control Study Kausalyah Krisna Malay1 , Vignesh Ravindran2, Jayanth Kumar3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12541

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate were classified as followed by Veau in 1931. The major four groups are clefts of softpalate, clefts of hard palate, unilateral clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate, bilateral clefts of the lip, alveolusand palate. Gingival health in children is one of the important factors to be taken into a serious problem as itmay progress to jeopardize the periodontium of the adult. It affects the periodontal disease in the inceptionof earlier in life. In dentistry, it is important for a dentist to recognize early and diagnose gingival diseasesto optimize treatment outcome. To determine the gingival health status in children with and without cleftlip and palate. The purpose of the study was to analyse the gingival status in children with and without cleftlip and palate (a case control study). A study was carried out by collecting data by reviewing patients dataand analysing the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020 at the private dental institute.The sample size that was taken included 6 children with cleft lip and palate (case group) and 6 childrenwithout cleft lip and palate (control group), who came to the private dental institute for consultation. Thegingival health status was evaluated using OHIS score and was compared between the groups. Data wasstatistically analysed using SPSS 2.0, Mann-Whitney U Test was conducted. Result was recorded. Thechildren with cleft lip and palate showed similar OHI-S scores compared to children without cleft lip andpalate. Therefore, it was concluded that within the limitations in current study, there was no difference inoral health status between children with cleft lip and palate and children without cleft lip and palate.

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