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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 02163160     EISSN : 22523901     DOI : 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert
Core Subject : Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
The development of science and technology in agriculture, has been instrumental in increasing the production of various agricultural commodities. But climate change is also uncertain world led to decreased agricultural productivity. World energy crisis resulted in higher prices of agricultural commodities due to competition between food and energy are higher. Efforts to utilize biomass (agricultural products) has started a lot of research, not only as raw material for bioenergy, but also in an attempt to exploit agro-products into valuable economic products, and realize clean production in agro-industry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 635 Documents
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MODEL SIMULASI DAN RANCANG BANGUN KAPASITAS USAHA PENYULINGAN MINYAK NILAM Agus Supriatna Somantri dan Djajeng Sumangat
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACTEssential oil product as an export commodity has always been possessed an increasing world market in spite of facing hard competition and non-tariff barrier in the world trade; therefore there is a need to formulate a policy and an effort to increase the productivity and efficiency of integrated and sustainable essential-oil agroindustry.  This research aimed at providing the database of essential oil distillation system especially for the patchoully oil at variouse economic scale.  This database can be used as an input for engineering design system as well as for patchoully oil agroindustry system.  The methods used were analytical, numerical and econometrical which were supported by empirical and theoretical data. The research results showed that mathematical model constructed for prediction and optimization of essential oil distillation especially for patchoully-oil had the capability to generate integrative information of predictive equipments dimensions, rate of distillation and energy consumption.  Based on the mathematical model, theoretical pathcoully oil distillation time was 8 hours in order to produce average yield 2.54 %.  The quantity of the patchoully oil for each distillation process had positive correlation with the distillation capacity.  Economical analysis on essential oil distillation at variouse economic scale showed that the cost of distillation equipment at development level had positive correlation with the distillation capacity.  The minimum price of patchoully oil which was still profitable followed the equation y = 3 x 106x-0.4693 (R2 = 0.9891) if kerosene used as energy source. Keywords: Simulation, distillation, essential oil, patchoully. 
SINTESIS KOPOLI(ANETOL-DVB) SULFONAT SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF RESIN PENUKAR KATION Desi Suci Handayani, Triana Kusumaningsih dan Muslimin
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACT    A synthesis of copolymer anethole-divinylbenzene (DVB) by cationic polymerization followed with sulfonation reaction has been done. The aim of this research is to synthesize of copolymer as cation exchange resin. Cationic copolymerization of anethole-DVB was done by using BF3O(C2H5)2 catalyst, without medium and under nitrogen atmosphere condition. Sulfonation reaction was done by H2SO4 reagent and Ag2SO4 catalyst. The structural prediction of the synthesis yield was done by functional groups analysis with  FTIR spectrophotometer, while characterization of copolymer was done by thermal analysis using DTA (Differencial Thermal Analysis). The relative molecular weight of copolymer was determined by viscometry method. The copolymer tested as cation exchange resin by exchanging H+ (SO3H group) with Ca2+ in a column. The level of cationic exchanging capacity of copoly(anethole-DVB) sulfonat resin was determined by measuring the Ca2+ that replace H+ at resin using AAS.    Result of copolymerization of anethole-DVB was moon green coloured solid with relative molecular weight equal to 24,789 g/mole. Result of sulfonation was purple colored solid. Result of DTA analysis showed that degradation of copoly(anethole-DVB) begin at 550 oC, while degradation of copoly(anethole-DVB) sulfonate begin at 840 oC. AAS analysis showed the exchanging capacity of copoly(anethole-DVB) sulfonate equal to 296.756 meq Ca2+ ion/g of copolymer.Keywords    :    Anethole, cationic copolymerization, sulfonation reaction, cation exchange resin, copoly(anethole-DVB) sulfonate
PEMISAHAN SITRONELAL DARI MINYAK SEREH WANGI MENGGUNAKAN UNIT FRAKSIONASI SKALA BENCH Egi Agustian, Anny Sulaswatty, Tasrif, Joddy Arya Laksmono dan Indri Badria Adilina
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACTIsolation of citronellal from citronella oil has been studied by using bench scale (2-6 L) fractionation unit. The column used has packed with 120 stages and equipped with a reflux unit. The separation processes were based on temperature, the variation of vacuum pressure 40, 60, 80 mmHg and reflux ratio 10:10, 20:10, 30:10. The optimum condition was obtained at reflux ratio 20:10 and vacuum pressure 60 mmHg with yield of 41.33%. Chromatography analysis showed that isolate has citronellal content about 96.103%.  Keyword: citronella oil, citronellal, fractionation
MIKROENKAPSULASI d-LIMONEN UNTUK PERISAAN PRODUK EKSTRUSI Sri Yuliani, Peter J. Torley dan Bhesh Bhandari
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research are to determine the effect of microencapsulation on d-limonene retention in starch extrudates and the effect of incorporating encapsulated d-limonene on extruder operation and extrudate properties. Two set of extrusion experiments were carried out in a twin screw extruder (16 mm diameter screw; 40:1 L/D ratio) using corn starch as a food matrix. In one set of experiments, d-limonene was encapsulated in -cyclodextrin. In the other experiments, d-limonene was encapsulated with sodium caseinate. Using a Central Composite Design, three variables were studied: level of encapsulated d-limonene in the feed material, extruder screw speeds and barrel temperatures. Another set of experiment with unencapsulated d-limonene was also performed. Measured parameters included extruder operation parameters (torque and die melt pressure), extrudate properties (expansion ratio and hardness) and d-limonene retention. All variables contributed significantly to the d-limonene retention and extrudate properties. -Cyclodextrin capsules gave higher d-limonene retention (average of 92.2%) than the sodium caseinate capsules (67.5%). A higher expansion ratio was observed from the extrudates containing sodium caseinate capsules than those with -cyclodextrin (average of 1.87 and 1.38, respectively). Extrudates containing -cyclodextrin capsules had a lower hardness (average of 1.14 N/mm2) than those with sodium caseinate capsules (average 2.34 N/mm2). Without encapsulation, retention of d-limonene was the lowest (average of 8.0%), extrudate hardness was the highest (average of 3.38 N/mm2) but expansion ratio was the highest (average of 2.1). Keywords : flavour, microencapsulation, extrusion, d-limonene, -cyclodextrin, sodium caseinate, expansion, texture
PEMUCATAN MINYAK DAUN CENGKEH DENGAN METODE KHELASI MENGGUNAKAN ASAM SITRAT Tri Marwati, Meika Syahbanna Rusli dan Edy Mulyono
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTClove leaf oil is an essential oil that is produced by distillation of the whole leaves of clove tree. The problem which is occurred from that process was that the color of the oil is black brownish and dirty. That problem could be solved by chelating process using citric acid. Therefore, the objective of this research was to learn the mechanism of chelating process of clove leaf oil using citric acid. The mechanism of chelating process was studied by interpretation data from FTIR spectrum of clove leaf oil before and after chelating process, which is compared with FTIR spectrum of eugenol and FTIR spectrum of -cariophylen. Further study was done by learning the change of metal content, transmission and color of oil before and after chelating process. Results showed that the mechanism of chelating process : the appropriate use of citric acid permits separation of metal ions from the eugenol in the clove leaf oil and further made a complex citric acid-metal. The color of clove leaf oil changed from black brownness to yellow caused by decreasing metal content (Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Pb) in the oil Key word : clove leaf oil, chelating process, citric acid
APLIKASI MINYAK SEREH WANGI (Citronella Oil) DAN GERANIOL DALAM PEMBUATAN SKIN LOTION PENOLAK NYAMUK Dwi Setyaningsih, Erliza Hambali dan Muharamia Nasution
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the biggest producers of citronella oil in the world. The high production of citronella oil needs to be developed becoming new fractions and application into product. One of the applications is as active component in insect repellant in skin lotion product. In this research, skin lotion was produced by addition of citronella oil and geraniol as active component with parameter of percentage of active component (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) and three alternatives of process (process 1, process 2, and process 3). The parameters of analyses were emulsion stability, viscosity, emulsion capacity, pH, and total microbe.Citronella oil used in this research has several characteristics; namely density 0.8352, index refraction 1.4558, citronellal content 5.8% and geraniol content 2.4%. The result of this analysis show that addition of geraniol 5.0% in process 2 produced  the highest viscosity was 1.55 (x300 cP), the lowest pH (3.47), the highest emulsion stability (62.29%) and the lowest emulsion capacity (2.15). The conclusion according to that result was process 2 was produced the best of skin lotion formulation. In the next research all of the action from process 2 used for effectiveness experiment to mosquito bite. The results of the experiment show that all of skin lotions gave negative result to amount of mosquito bite at rabbit. Decreasing fraction of active component until 0.1% showed positive result by one bite of mosquito in the rabbit skin.
ONE-POT SYNTESIS OF MENTHOL FROM CITRONELLAL : APPLICATION OF CITRONELLA OIL Indri Badria Adilina, Tasrif, Joddy Arya Laksmono dan Egi Agustian
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTSynthesis of menthol (C10H20O) from citronellal (C10H18O) has been performed by a one-pot process. The process was conducted in a 250 mL capacity autoclave with acidified natural zeolite and Raney Nickel as catalysts at temperature 120°C, pressure 5 bar, and variation of time 1-8 hours. Natural zeolite and Raney Nickel were placed in the autoclave and it was found that the cyclisation and hydrogenation reaction to form menthol could undergo in the same reactor. FTIR Analysis showed peak formation at 3346.50 cm-1 indicating –OH group was formed. Result of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis reports chemical shifts at δ=71.53 ppm and  δ=4.05 ppm. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the conversion was 80% with concentration of menthol about 68% (v/v). Keywords : menthol, citronellal, one-pot reaction, citronella oil.
PATCHOULI ALCOHOL ENRICHMENT FROM PATCHOULI OIL USING MOLECULAR DISTILLATION UNIT Joddy Arya Laksmono, Egi Agustian dan Indri Badria Adilina
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACT Molecular distillation in the vacuum pressure about 10-3 mbar, temperature in the range of 80 oC – 100 oC, and wiper rate between 60 – 80 rpm was used for the separation and purification of patchouli oil. Patchouli oil has a large composition of patchouli alcohol which is usually used as a fixative for perfumery, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. A large composition of patchouli alcohol usually is in the residue due to the high boiling point of this compound than others. Purification of patchouli alcohol increased with wiper rate and temperature but decreased with the feed rate. The temperature of liquid entering to the unit, feed rate and the wiping element bears on the distillation cylinder due to the centrifugal force and rolls over it bringing the liquid on the distillation cylinder into an intensive complex movement were the important technological parameters that determined distillation operation. Pursuant to condition above produced purification of patchouli alcohol due to the patchouli oil about 73.37%.   Keywords: Patchouli oil, molecular distillation, patchouli alcohol, separation, purification.
PENELITIAN PENGEMBANGAN MINYAK ATSIRI SEBAGAI AROMATERAPI DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PRODUK SEDIAAN FARMASI Muchtaridi Dept. TIN
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTAromatherapy is a branch of complementary or alternative therapy which is increasing in popularity, yet has scant scientific credibility. Aromatherapy should be defined as treatment using odours and practised as such. However, essential oils are usually used in conjunction with massage and often combined with counselling of some kind. This research is expected to become research methods base in developing of aromatherapy in Indonesia. In this research network, it was found that oil of essential oils is able to be used by aromatherapy divided pursuant to the effect of to center nervous system become three that is softly ( essential oil of kemangi, ki lemo, and lemongrass, cananga), medium ( eucalyptus oil and laja gowah), and hardly (nutmeg seed oil). Analysis of active compound predicted was conducted with integration of SPE-GC/MS which was taken from animal blood after inhalation with essential oils. The active compounds estimated as aromatherapy is 1,8-cineole, linalool, methyl cinnamate, citronellol, citronellal, citral, safrol and mirysticin. On the other hand, this research also formulated pharmaceutical product of aromatherapy in the form of roll-on deodorrant (kemangi oil), cream squeeze ( cananga oil and serai wangi), soap ( oil mixture of kemangi, nutmeg seed, and lemongrass), and functional beverage ( oil of kemangi seeds). The aim of this research network was to prove scientifically the existence of aromatherapy and possibility of development in the field of health.Keywords : aromatherapy, essential oils, SPE-GC/MS
KAJIAN PROSES PENYULINGAN UAP MINYAK JINTAN PUTIH Tri Yogo Wibowo, ), Suryatmi R.D, Meika Syahbanna Rusli dan Imelda H. S.
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACTCumin seed  (Cuminum Cyminum Linn.) is the one of essential oil resources which is being developed for its economic value and one of the most used resources in pharmaceutical industries and flavourings. Cumin oil was able to cure some digestion problems, an antioxidants, highly anesstesive and fixative. Major component of cumin oil is cuminaldehyde,which reach 35-62%.This research aims to study cumin oil distillation character with steam distillation method and to know effect of steam pressure and bulk density to yield and physicochemical properties of cumin oil produced. Stages on this research were moisture content, essential oil content and ash content analyses, diatillation time determination, cumin oil distillation on different steam pressure and bulk density, and then analyzed. Cumin oil analyses consist of its yield, specific gravity, refractive index, optic rotation, acid number, ester value and solubility in alcohol 80%.This research used factorial complete randomized design with two factors. First factor was bulk density, which consists of two levels (0,1 and 0,2 kg/L). Second factor was steam pressure, which consists of three levels (0; 0,5; and 1 bar gauge). Analyzed data showed that its moisture content, essential oil and ash content respectively was 7,83%, 3,34% and 5,36%. Distillation time was in five hours, when 95% oil has been distillated.Steam pressure significantly affect the yield, specific gravity and ester value, which bulk density significantly affects its acid number and ester value. Interaction between these two factors significantly affects its yield and ester value. Cumin oil in this research was bright yellow to brown in color, with strong and spesific odor. Its yield was 1,23-2,65 % (bb), specific gravity was 0,9630-0,9862, refractive index was 1,497-1,504, optic rotation was +2,4°-+3,6°,  and average comparison of its solubility in alcohol 80% was 1:2.The volatile oil composition of cumin oil was investigated by gas chromatography. The highest cuminaldehyde content as the major component of cumin oil was obtained from no steam pressure gauge.Keyword : minyak jintan, cuminaldehid, penyulingan uap

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