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International Association of Lowland Technology In Collaboration with Hasanuddin University and Saga University Address Faculty of Engineering, Center of Technology Building, 1st Floor Jalan Poros Malino km. 6, Bontomarannu, Gowa Indonesia Postal Code: 91711
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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)" : 8 Documents clear
A MODEL FOR SIMULATING WATER QUALITY IN A RIVER AND APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHM IN THE MODEL CALIBRATION N. V. Tuan; K. Mori; Y. Hirai
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This study focuses on finding the properties of water quality parameters affected by different sources of pollutants along the Tatara River, a small river in Fukuoka city of Japan. Results getting from data analysis pointed out interesting and noticeable properties of water quality in the Tatara River, which is significantly affected by various point sources. The results also indicated the changing tendencies of water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the Tatara River in response to different meteorological conditions over a daily cycle. On the other hand, we developed and applied a numerical model to simulate the variation of water quality concentrations in the river. By calibrating the model with water quality data collected from the selected river blocks, the simulated results of dissolved oxygen and water temperature have good agreement with the observed data. In calibrating model, we used genetic algorithms that allowed users to find the best data set of parameters which could not be measured from field measurement and experiments or analyzed simply by a user. Results of the water quality model are helpful for management, protection, and improvement of the Tatara River water quality.
A QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF CAMPUS BEHAVIORAL DYNAMICS USING THE INFORMATION ENTROPY X. M. Zhao; J. R. Shi; J. Ge; K. Hokao; Z. Wang
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Measuring complexity of the dynamic system has become a common practice for describing spatial structural properties in the fields of urban geography and landscape ecology. In China, college campuses can be regarded as a kind of complex system since the campuses accommodate multiple functions, such as education, research, leisure, residence and so on. Considerably diversified human activities are daily performed in campus open spaces. How to characterize the distribution dynamics of daily activities calls for much attention of architects and planners. Nonetheless, the resultant dynamics of human activities is often irregular and patchy, giving rise to intricate distribution patterns that can be difficult to characterize. Herein, the issue of characterizing the temporal-spatial-categorial Diversity of Activity Distribution (DAD) in open spaces was addressed and a method of quantifying the complexity of patchy activity dynamics was proposed. The method was inspired by information-based measures of entropy, and the proposed Behavioral Entropy Index (BEI) can distinguish the distribution of activities in open spaces between simple (convergent) and complex (random) temporal-spatial-categorial mosaics. The method was demonstrated using sample data through a survey on two typical college campuses at Hangzhou City, China. The results show that the BEIs effectively illuminate the behavioral dynamics, rather than the conventional index of absolute population or simple percentage; moreover, proper facilities, natural environments and campus management all facilitate improving the behavioral complexity.
BEHAVIOUR OF LATERALLY LOADED RIGID PILES IN COHESIVE SOILS BASED ON KINEMATIC APPROACH V. Padmavathi; E. Saibaba Reddy; M. R. Madhav
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Piles are useful in lowland areas in order to improve the properties of the soil. Several methods are available to predict the ultimate lateral resistance of a rigid pile in clays. The existing solutions for ultimate lateral resistance of rigid piles in clays are either semi-empirical in nature or based on approximate analysis with several simplifications. In most of these methods, the behaviour of soil is assumed as plastic throughout the analysis including at the point of rotation. Even though the ultimate lateral loads predicted by these methods are somewhat comparable with the measured values, the lateral pressure distributions are not consistent. A new approach based on kinematics and non-linear subgrade (hyperbolic) response has been developed to study the load-displacement response of a single rigid pile with free-head in cohesive soils. The predicted ultimate lateral capacities of the piles as well as the lateral soil pressure distributions along the pile length compare well with the results of available theories and experimental test results.
CETEAU PVD VACUUM SYSTEM IN SOFT BANGKOK CLAY: A CASE STUDY OF THE SUVARNABHUMI AIRPORT PROJECT J. Saowapakpiboon; D. T. Bergado; S. Hayashi; J. C. Chai; N. Kovittayanon; T. P. de Zwart
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

A new improvement technique is currently applied for soft Bangkok clay combining capped PVD with vacuum pressure and embankment loading whereby the prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) are connected by PE tubes to a vacuum pump called “CeTeau PVD Vacuum System”. The method uses a surface soil layer as a sealing layer for leakage protection and there is no need to place air-tightening geomembrane sheets on the ground surface. This method has two advantages for situations of a) high air/water permeability layer exist near the ground surface, and b) combining vacuum pressure with embankment load. An actual field project combining PVD vacuum and embankment loading has just been completed. The performance data of the system during the improvement of the section EW-4, a part of the third runway of Suvarnabhumi International Airport, Thailand are presented and interpreted. The monitored data indicated that the system mobilized -60 kPa atmospheric pressure. This allowed for unprecedented loading and settlement rates during the construction of an embankment and achieved the required degree of consolidation within the specified time period. The prediction by PVDCON FEM Software generally agreed with the observed values. As expected, increasing the Kh/Ks and OCR values resulted in lower settlement values.
COMPETITIVE SORPTION OF MULTIPLE COMPONENT HEAVY METALS FROM GOLD MINING LEACHATE ONTO LATERITE SOIL A. Putthividhya
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

It is important to understand the mechanisms of releasing of metal elements from mining industries in order to predict or estimate migration of these contaminants in the environment and initiate necessary policy for pollution control and prevention in groundwater aquifer systems. In this study, we focus particularly on assessing the competitive sorption characteristics of Pb, Zn, Ni, and Mn in batch equilibrium experiments using single and multiple metal solutions in natural laterite soil from the Northern Thailand. A series of batch tests was conducted to evaluate the effects of pH on sorption/desorption characteristics of metals and to estimate the sorption/desorption isotherms. Soil chemical processes were characterized using Linear, Langmuir, and Freundlich equations, and the results indicated that sorption isotherms were very well described by the Langmuir model. Pb had the greatest sorption capacity as estimated by the maximum sorption parameter (Qmax) of the Langmuir equation. Sorption characteristics were discovered to be dynamic processes, depending on interaction among multiple component heavy metals, soil properties, and concentrations of metals in the solution. Additionally, the impacts of variable water saturation on heavy metal migration were also explored by employing parameters obtained from previous experiments as input parameters in HYDRUS-2D model to simulate the migration of heavy metals through variable saturated porous media. The computer simulations revealed that the migration of the mixed contaminated plume was governed mainly by the mechanisms in unsaturated zone, rather than the hydraulic head gradient in the saturated zone. In addition, decreasing water contents resulted in higher retention time, promoted the late arrival of water fronts, and therefore could extend the contaminants’ lifetime in the system. Drier soil retarded transport of metals particularly in shallow unsaturated zone, leading to the possible pathway for the contaminants may get back in the hydrologic cycle via plant root uptake.
EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF CHINESE STANDARD MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL BOTTOM LINER SYSTEMS Y. J. Du; S. Y. Liu; S. Hayashi
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

It is reported that nearly 80 % of the Chinese municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills were open-dump without strict landfill bottom liners. A serious environmental pollution has been exposed to landfill impacts. To solve this problem, Chinese Government prescribed standard MSW landfill bottom liners. However, very limited research has been conducted to evaluate the performance of the standard MSW landfill bottom liners prescribed Chinese Government. In this paper, it was assumed that the two standard Chinese landfill liners were applied in assumed field scenario, in which an aquifer was below the landfill. With the one-dimensional advection-diffusion-dispersion theory of contaminant transport, the impacts of the landfills on the aquifer were assessed. The performance of the two types of Chinese MSW landfill bottom liner systems was evaluated based on: 1) the leakage rate through the liners which were applied in assumed landfills; 2) the peak concentration of the target contaminant in an aquifer overlain by the assumed landfills, and 3) the maximum total mass per unit area of the target contaminant discharged into the aquifer. The performance of the German standard MSW landfill bottom liner system was evaluated and compared with that of Chinese ones. The calculated leakage rate, peak concentration and the maximum total mass per unit area in the aquifer of the target contaminant show that the performance of the Chinese standard landfill liner Type 2 is practically the same as that of the German standard landfill liner, while the Chinese standard liner Type 1 is less effective, with regarding the mitigation of the impact of landfills.
HYDROGEOCHEMICAL DESCRIPTION OF GROUNDWATER IN A COASTAL LOWLAND PLAIN NEAR THE ARIAKE SEA OF JAPAN N. Cao Don; Mohan S. Kumar; H. Araki; H. Yamanishi
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In the management of water resources, quality of water is just as important as its quantity. In this paper, an investigation was undertaken to better understand the hydrogeochemistry and hydrologic framework of the Shiroishi plain in Saga, Kyushu, Japan. A network of production boreholes and wells distributed over the studied region were sampled and the waters were analyzed for major ions. The results reveal that, in areas near the shore, salinization is more serious at deeper layers. Geochemical analyses showed that the Shiroishi aquifer has bicarbonate sodium water, with an increase of electrical conductivity, sodium and bicarbonates contents.
PERFORMANCE OF FULL SCALE TEST EMBANKMENT WITH REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT GEOMATERIALS ON SOFT GROUND T. Tanchaisawat; P. Voottipruex; D. T. Bergado; S. Hayashi
Lowland Technology International Vol 10 No 1, June (2008)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Embankment construction using reinforced lightweight geomaterials over soft ground will alleviate problems of instability and large settlements. Backfills of retaining structures can also be constructed using lightweight materials resulting in lower vertical loads and, consequently, reduced settlements. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of lightweight geomaterials consisting of tire chip-sand mixture reinforced with geogrids for use as embankment construction on soft ground. The experimental results indicated that the mixing ratio of 30:70 % was the most suitable fill material. The full scale field test embankment was constructed at the campus of Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Bangkok, Thailand. The geogrid reinforced embankment system was extensively instrumented in the subsoil and within the embankment itself in order to observe its behavior during construction and post construction phases, and thereby evaluate its performance. The unit weight of rubber tire chip-sand mixtures is about 75% lighter than conventional sand. The total settlement at ground surface is 67.5% less when compared to the conventional backfill without foundation treatments. The maximum lateral wall movement observed at 13 months after construction at top of wall is 45% smaller when compared to conventional sand backfill on untreated ground. Finally, the geogrid reinforcements correspond well with the bilinear type of maximum tension line.

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