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Evi Aprianti
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International Association of Lowland Technology In Collaboration with Hasanuddin University and Saga University Address Faculty of Engineering, Center of Technology Building, 1st Floor Jalan Poros Malino km. 6, Bontomarannu, Gowa Indonesia Postal Code: 91711
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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 463 Documents
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Preparation of anionic-exchange membranes composites for acid recovery from acidic wastewater P. Pattiyatanee; W. Chonkaew; S.P Thanasupsin
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This study aimed to prepare the anion exchange membrane (AEM) from brominated poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide)/polypyrrole (BPPO/Ppy) composites, and to study the effects of pyrrole (Py) concentrations and amination reaction on conductivity and transport properties of the membranes. The 8 wt% PPO was reacted with 20 wt% Br2 in chlorobenzene solutions at a control temperature of 131℃. The obtained product was characterized by FTIR and H-NMR to confirm the benzyl bromination on PPO. BPPO membranes were prepared by solution casting method (thickness 0.45 - 0.5 mm). The BPPO/Ppy composites were prepared by soaking the BPPO membrane in Py solution (vary from 0.3 – 0.5 mol dm-3 for 24 hr. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake (WR) and conductivity of the membranes were investigated. The effects of amination reaction with 0.5 mol.dm-3 trimethylamine (TMA) were also studied. The results showed that ion exchange capacity (IEC), conductivities and water uptake and acid permeability of composite membranes were enhanced by amination reaction. However, the BPPO/Ppy composite membrane without TMA amination was found to provide the better acid diffusion coefficient than that with TMA. Further investigations should focus on fine tuning the conditions to obtain high hydrophilicity, water uptake and ion selectivity rejection.
Environmental impact evaluation of road pavements using life cycle assessment tool A. Boonpoke; J. Sriburee; S. Sedpho; T. Prasertsang
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The acquisition of road construction materials, building processes, rehabilitation, demolition, and disposal of road surfaces adversely impact the environment. In Thailand, the rapid expansion of road transportation networks has raised concerns regarding environmental degradation. Alternative road pavement materials need to be assessed from a life cycle assessment perspective to promote sustainable global development. An environmental impact evaluation was undertaken for two major road types - concrete and asphaltic concrete (AC) pavements - using life cycle impact assessment, with relevant data obtained from related government documents and reports. Results indicated that AC pavement had a higher impact on climate change than concrete pavement, while concrete pavement exhibited a higher impact on terrestrial acidification, human toxicity, metal depletion, and fossil depletion than AC pavement. Building material acquisition and construction contributed the major impact on climate change at 93.2% and 83% for concrete and AC roads, respectively. The mitigation options for reducing the impact of climate change impact were utilization of a mixture of 35 to 50% fly ash with cement instead of cement only in concrete pavement process and implementation of recycling in rehabilitation phase for AC pavement. The findings can be applied to support future decision-making processes for the sustainable development of road construction projects.
Fate and transport of paraquat dichloride in corn and rubber plantation soils D. Keochan; W. Sinlapathorn; P. Phuinthiang; N. Nawinwattana; M. Jindakaraked; P. Kajitvichyanukul
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The rubber and corn plantation soils in Nan province were investigated for the fate and transport behavior of the paraquat dichloride including biodegradation, adsorption, photolysis and infiltration. All experiments were conducted in the batch scale in laboratory basis. Results showed the biodegradation and photolysis were the main factors in decreasing the paraquat dichloride concentrations in the corn soil and rubber soil. The adsorption and infiltration described the holding and the leaching of paraquat dichloride of the soils. The biodegradation rates of paraquat dichloride in corn and rubber soils were 0.0548 and 0.0213 kg/day-mg, respectively. In photolysis reaction, the kinetic rate constants for corn and rubber soils were 0.017 and 0.0133 kg/min-mg, respectively. Corn and rubber soils had strong and quick adsorption for paraquat dichloride due to the soil textures of both two soils are clay and the high amount of cation exchange capacity. Corn soil had higher adsorption rate constant than rubber soil The adsorption behavior of paraquat dichloride in rubber soils is best described by Freundlich isotherm and that in the corn soil is best describe by Langmuir-II isotherm. The kinetic rate constants for photo-degradation of paraquat dichloride in corn and rubber soils were 0.0170 and 0.0133 kg/mg-min, respectively. From the mass balance, paraquat dichloride in leachates was detected in the lower amount than in the soil for both corn and rubber soils. Although paraquat dichloride can bound to organic matter or soil particles and adsorb in the soil, small amount of paraquat dichloride can be leached out to the groundwater.
Comparison of fate and transport of atrazine in corn and rubber plantation soils W. Sinlapathorn; D. Keochanh; P. Phuinthiang; N. Nawinwattana; M. Jindakaraked; P. Kajitvichyanukul
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The rubber and corn plantation soils in Nan province were investigated for the fate and transport behavior of the atrazine. The biodegradation, adsorption, photodegradation, and infiltration of atrazine in both soils were conducted. The kinetic rates of each experiment were calculated and reported. Results illustrated that the microbials in the soils have a high tendency in consuming the atrazine in both corn and rubber soils. The corn soils with the biodegradation rate as 0.2523 Kg/mg-min had higher kinetics rate than rubber soil with 0.1357 Kg/mg-min. Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption of atrazine in both corn and rubber soils. The sorption capacity of atrazine adsorption on the rubber soil (1/qm = 9.7095) was much higher than the corn soil (1/qm = 0.5195). The amount of herbicide residue bonded on soil after application in the rubber soil was slightly higher than the corn soil, and the photolytic rate in the rubber soil is much higher than that in the corn soil. From the mass balance, atrazine in water was detected in the higher amount than in the soil for both corn and rubber soils. The infiltration rate in corn soil was 13.1 mm/hr while that in rubber soil was 11.8 mm/hr. The mass of atrazine in the leachate is in the range of 32.1-75.3% in both corn and rubber soils during 36 hours of infiltration. This experiment is the scientific evidence supporting that the contamination of atrazine in groundwater has high tendency to occur in the extreme application of the atrazine to the agriculture soil.
Research oriented ground improvement projects in Changi, Singapore M. W. Bo; A. Arulrajah; V. Choa; S. Horpibulsuk
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The Changi East Reclamation projects in Singapore were implemented under 5 Phases commencing from 1991 and completed in 2005 with one phase to another has several of years of overlapping. The total implementation period was 15 years including maintenance. The Phases are named as Phase 1A, 1B, 1C, Area A (North) and Area A (South). Each Phase took about 5 to 6 years to implement. Due to the involvement of large area fills in the form of land reclamation with as thick as nearly 20 meters of hydraulic fills over up to 40 meters thickness of compressible marine clay, significant challenges were present to the geotechnical engineers on geotechnical issues such as slope stability, consolidation settlement and liquefaction potential. Due to the excessive magnitude of settlement likely to occur over a long period of duration caused by consolidation process, extensively large area was required to improve applying ground improvement methods to accelerate the consolidation process. Therefore, a good design of accelerating consolidation process by applying ground improvement method was deemed necessary. Many combinations of pilot tests were implemented to verify the design of ground improvement works. In addition to improving the underlying soils, improvement was also required for the fills which were loosely deposited by means of hydraulic filling techniques. In order to be able to successfully implement these complex projects, applying the most up to date state of the art technologies, implementation of research level planning, investigation, design and implementation processes were required throughout the projects from master planning stage to commissioning stage. Several forms of performance monitoring using geotechnical instrumentation, verification of achieving specified improvement using intermediate and post improvement ground investigation and in-situ testing were implemented during and acceptance of ground improvement works. Quality control and assurance tests of material delivered and used for ground improvement were carried out throughout the implementation process. This paper presents how research oriented ground improvement projects were implemented in the past decade in Singapore.
Laboratory evaluation of biosolids stabilized with demolition wastes as an embankment fill material A. Arulrajah; F. Maghool; S. Horpibulsuk; M. W. Bo; L. Shen
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Biosolids (Bio) are air-dried sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants.Stockpiles of Bioare rapidly increasing around the globe. The primary aim of this paper was to evaluate the potential for Bio stabilized with demolition wastes as an embankment fill material. This laboratory evaluation study was undertaken to evaluate the geotechnicalproperties of Biowhen stabilized with various percentages of demolition wastes, being Crushed Brick (CB) and Crushed Concrete (CC). The standard compaction results indicated that the dry density of Bio increased with the addition of both demolition wastes. The optimum moisture content of Bio was found to consistently decrease with increasing amounts of demolition wastes. The gradation, pH value and specific gravity of Bio samples improved with the addition of demolition wastes. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of Bio samples was increased with the addition of CB and CC, with the optimum value found to be achieved with 50% CC content (Bio50/CC50). The positive outcomes of this research project will potentially enable Bio to be used in combination with demolition wastes in embankment fill applications. This sustainable approach will reduce the demand for virgin materials and will potentially divert significant quantities ofthese waste materials fromlandfills and into a high value embankment fill material.
Load test of pre-cast geopolymer concrete slabs C. Ridtirud; V. Lam; C. Sapsin
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This research aims to study load testing of pre-cast geopolyme r concrete slab. Fly ash, a by-product of generation process of electricity was used in mixture as alternative to ordinary Portland cements in this research. To design and produce pre-cast geopolymer concrete slab, the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete was tested by using fly ash: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate ratio of 1:0.95:1.76 by weight, and the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide of 1:1 by weight. The pre-cast geopolymer concrete slab of 0.35x2.40x0.05 m. was designed with live load of 150 kg/ sq. m, five PC-wire of 4 mm. with ultimate strength not less than 17,500 kg/ sq. cm, and was pulled by forced of 13,329 kg/ sq. cm. In this research, precast geopolymer concrete slab was casted and tested by following to Thai Industrial Standards Institute 577-2531. The result of testing pre-cast geopolymer concrete slab was showed that, the value of deflection was exceeded and rebound was less than allowable by the Thai Industrial Standards Institute 577-2531. However, in this research the pre-cast geopolymer concrete slab might be stronger and increase load bearing capacity if the processing of temperature was raised.
Weakly singular BIEM for analysis of cracks embedded in symmetric elastic whole space T. N. Pham; J. Rungamornrat; W. Pansuk; Y. Sato
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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In this paper, a weakly singular boundary integral equation method is developed for the stress analysis of an anisotropic, linearly elastic, cracked whole space possessing a plane of symmetry. This study should offer an alternative powerful tool essential for the modeling of both near-surface and deeply embedded defects in a rock/soil medium. A system of governing equations is established using a pair of weakly singular, weakform, displacement and traction integral equations for the cracked whole space along with the symmetric condition. The final equations contain only unknown crack-face data in a lowerhalf of the whole space. In addition to their capability to treat cracks of arbitrary shape, material anisotropy and general loading conditions, all involved kernels are weakly singular allowing all integrals to be interpreted in the sense of Riemann. A symmetric Galerkin boundary element method together with the Galerkin approximation is implemented to solve the governing integral equations for the unknown crack-face data. To further enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme, special basis functions are introduced to approximate the near-front field and the interpolation technique is adopted to evaluate all kernels for generally anisotropic materials. The solved crack-face displacement data is then utilized to postprocess for the essential fracture information along the crack front. Various scenarios are employed to verify the proposed technique and a selected set of results is presented to demonstrate its accuracy and computational robustness.
Strengthening of RC members using post-tensioned metal straps: state of the research T. Imjai; U. Chaisakulkiet; R. Garcia; K. Pilakoutas
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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This article reviews the state of the research on a novel and cost-effective strengthening technique for substandard reinforced concrete (RC) structures that uses Post-Tensioned Metal Straps (PTMS). The technique applies active confinement around RC structures by post-tensioning metal straps using steel strapping tools as those used in the packaging industry. The literature survey in this study indicates that some research has been carried out in strengthening normal and high-strength concrete cylinders, columns, lap-spliced elements, beams in flexure, beams and joints in shear, as well as full-scale structures tested on a shake table. Analysis and design models also exist, thus indicating that the technique is reaching maturity. Overall, the experimental results available in the literature indicate that the use of PTMS strengthening is very successful at enhancing the capacity and ductility of structures. Consequently, the PTMS provide a fast and cost-effective strengthening solution in comparison to the other traditional strengthening methods. This study contributes towards a better understanding of the potential use of the PTMS technique as strengthening/retrofit solution, as well as towards highlighting future research needs. Ongoing research work on PTMS at Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok is also summarised and commented upon.
Prioritizing rural roads projects in nort-eastern Tailand by analytical hierarcy process (AHP) P. Cheonklang; I. Phummiphan; S. Horpibulsuk; M. Hoy
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 2, Sep (2018)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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This paper presents the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in rural roads prioritiation. The paper exhibits the concept and process of the plan for rural road development and application of multiple criteria decision analysis using AHP for prioritiing rural roads on a rational basis. Rural road network was grouped on strategic issues and strategies of Department of Rural Roads. There are three main factors to be used as an indicator to assess the importance of routes of each type of road: Transport and Traffic engineering, Accessibility and Other. The result of criteria weights was determined by Expert Choice software according to the AHP model. The results of weight factor analysis can be divided into 2 groups: the Transportation and Traffic Engineering dominant road (Logistics, Traffic Reduction and Countrys order Road) and the Accessibility dominant road (Tourism and Rural Area Accessibility Road). This study will be able to prioritie rural roads and allocate limited budget for development in the future. The master plan obtained from AHP application shows that this plan is consistent, and links with the country strategic plan under the Department of Rural Roads year 2017-2026, which is a longterm plan (10 years), and the Strategic Plan Framework Development of Rural Roads year 2017 - 2020, which is a medium-term plan (4 years). The main goal of the Rural Roads Development Plan in the area is to develop a rural road network to connect the Development of National Infrastructure and the Northeast Development Plan perfectly.

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