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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 463 Documents
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INTERNATIONAL MISUNDERSTANDING IN IRRIGATION ENGINEERING P. Ankum
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 1, June (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The exchange of knowledge between irrigation engineers is quite hampered by misunderstanding. Misunderstanding can be avoid when first terminology, development concepts and fundamentals of an irrigation scheme are mutually agreed, before the technical matters are discussed. Typical topics for misunderstanding are elaborated here and include: need for large-scale development, farmer-managed or dual managed schemes, function of the tertiary unit, role of cost-recovery, need for a 'highest authority', productive and protective irrigation, design for dry-season and for wer-season irrigation, equitable and flexible supply, how is the instruction to the operator of the tertiary offtake. Most of the insfrastructural, operational and managerial matters of the irrigation scheme follow directly from choices on these topics.
BEHAVIOUR OF CHEMICAL SPECIES UNDER REDUCING CONDITION IN A SUBAQUEOUS SOILS COLUMN Y. Hiroshiro; K. Jinno; T. Yokoyama; S. I Wada
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 1, June (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In order to model the transport of multicomponent species including Mn2+ and Fe2+ from reduced layer to oxidized layer similar to paddy field condition, a preliminary column experiment was carried out. To reproduce actual paddy field conditions, the upper part of the column was filled with the soil taken from the paddy field and fine granite soil was filled in the lower soil of column. The experimental result showed that ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) rapidly decreased for first two days after the beginning of this experiment, and then showed a constant value, NO3 concentration in plow layer rapidly decreased due to the denitrification. On the other hand, the concentartions of dissolved Mn2+ and Fe2+ gradually increased after OPR achieved to a steady value, and they kept constant concentrations for 30 days.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES FOR LOWLAND AREAS S. Valliappan; A. Hakam; V. Tandjiria
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 1, June (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The applications of optimization technique for raft foundations built on soft soils and retaining walls are presented in this paper. The objective function of the optimization problem is the cost of the structures (which is a function of thickness, dimensions and material of stabilized soil). The constraints are the displacement, differential displacement and stabilities. The finite difference sensitivity analysis and the combination of extended bi-point constraint and Lagrangian constraint approximation are carried out during the structural optimization process. The finite element method has been used to analyse the response of the structures. The results of the numerical examples show that the structures can be designed both economically and effectively using the proposed method.
ANALYSIS OF CULVERT APPROACHES WITH PILES OF VARYING LENGTH M. R. Madhav; P. K. Basudhar; N. Miura
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 1, June (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

For the construction of culverts and their approaches on soft and highly compressible soils, an innovative approach is to provide piles with length decreasing with distance from the culvert. The equivalent stiffness of the piled strip as a function of the relative length of the piles estimated from Brown and Wiesner (1976), is bounded by Linear and exponential variations with distance. An extended Pasternak type model is proposed for the culvert approaches with piles of varying length. The response of the system is shown to be governed by the relative stiffnesses of the granular bed, the culvert foundation, the approaches at the near and far ends and the relative pile length to diameter ratio. The settlement profiles are presented for the typical values of the above parameters. The relative stiffness of the granular pad has a significant effect on settlements and on the loads transferred to the culvert foundations.
SELECTION OF SOFT CLAY PARAMETERS FOR BANGKOK LOWLAND DEVELOPMENT A. S. Balasubramaniam; S. R. Kim; D. G. Lirr; S. S. S. Acharya; T. H. Seah; D. T. Bergado
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 1, June (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The paper stresses the importance of a sound understanding of the soil behaviour in both the limit equilibrium and numerical analysis in soil- structure interaction problems: deep foundation for tall buildings; foundation for elevated expressways, subways, ground improvements works, tunnels for water supply, natural gas supply, sewerage and drainage. In the limit equilibrium analysis the use of Hvorslev strength parameters is suggested while for lightly overconsolidated clays the strength to be referred as a frictional component. In the numerical analysis a realistic stress- strain model for the behaviour of soft clays for stress states below the state boundary surface is recommended.
GROUND SUBSIDENCE CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKE TYPE EXCITATION H. B. Poorooshasb; A. Noorzad
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 2, Dec (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The extended CANAsand constitutive model, which incorporates the newly proposed concept of the "Compact State", is used in conjunction with the ID technique to evaluate the total subsidence of a sandy deposit. The ID technique is a simple numerical procedure developed recently. The results of the analysis clearly demonstrate the importance of the initial void ratio of the deposit, its permeability and the depth of the overburden on the magnitude of the subsidence of the layer.
EFFECT OF BASE REINFORCEMENT ON THE BEHAVIOR OF EMBANKMENT OVER SOFT SUBSOIL C. W. Yang; J. C. Chai; N. Miura; Y. S. Ye
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 2, Dec (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

A case history of both reinforced and unreinforced embankments on soft subsoil built to failure is described. The results of a laboratory model test about the behavior of embankment on soft soil are referred during discussions. The effect of geotextile reinforcement on embankment behavior is discussed by comparing the field data of with and without reinforcement cases. The field data as well as analysis indicate that the reinforcement had a certain effect on embankment stability. However, at working state (normally with a factor of safety of 1.2 to 1.3), the reinforcement did not have an obvious effect on subsoil response. Only under the condition that unreinforced embankment approached to failure, the effect of reinforcement on subsoil could be noticed. The laboratory model test results indicated that if the reinforcement is strong enough, the effect of reinforcement is considerable. It is suggested that although the geotextile certainly has a beneficial effect on embankment over soft subsoil, due to the relative lower stiffness of geotextile, to achieve a substantial improvement on embankment behavior, the multi-layer geotextile reinforcements or high strength geogrid may be needed. This case history also demonstrated that the rate of lateral displacement and excess pore pressure development are sensitive indexes for the stability of embankment on soft subsoil.
OPTIMAL RISK-BASED DESIGN OF CHAO PHRAYA RIVER FLOOD CONTROL SYSTEM FOR BANGKOK T. Tingsanchali; T. Kitpaisalsakul
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 2, Dec (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Risk-based design is a design approach developed for quantifying the probability of failure and the expected annual damage cost of a structural system subject to variations of load such as the river flood level and of resistance such as the strength of flood protection dikes. The approach considers the joint probability density function of the load and the resistance in the computation of the probability of failure and the expected annual damage cost. In this study, an optimal risk-based design procedure of a flood control system is developed. The design approach is a computational framework using four relevant techniques, namely flood flow simulation analysis, coincident flood frequency analysis, load-resistance analysis and optimization of risk-based design. It is applied to determine the optimal capacity of the flood control system for Bangkok based on a maximum net benefit.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EVALUATION METHOD FOR RIVER ENVIRONMENT H. Araki; K. Koga; Y. Nishi; Y. Kajiya; S. Imae; S. Kimura; K. Hirano; M. Sakanashi; S. Toyosaki; H. Fukuyama
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 2, Dec (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Assessment in planning and designing process is necessary especially for nature-oriented river. The main purpose of this study is to develop an assessment method for river environment. At a workshop composed of experts on river environment, a viewpoint to identify characteristics of watershed and/or river environment was added to viewpoints of the River Council in Japan. Furthermore, the new concept of "intermediate nature" is proposed to develop a goal-oriented assessment method. In this study, the prototype of a new assessment method "EMOREK" is proposed, somewhat similar to the AMOEBA method developed in the Netherlands. A case study on the T-river in Japan was carried out to realize the capability of the assessment method through problem analysis on the river environment.
EVALUATION OF THE PVD PERFORMANCE AT THE SECOND BANGKOK CHONBURI IDGHWAY (SBCH) PROJECT D. T. Bergado; A. S. Balasubramaniam; I. A. Chishtr; T. Ruenkrairergsa; Y. Taesiri
Lowland Technology International Vol 1 No 2, Dec (1999)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The soft Bangkok clay foundation at the Second Bangkok Chonburi Highway Project (SBCH) was improved using prefabricated vertical drains (PVD). Monitoring instruments such as surface settlement plates, deep settlement plates, inclinometers and piezometers were installed in the subsoil in order to observe the deformation behavior of the embankments under loading. The Department of Highways, Thailand, arranged for the monitoring and documentation of the deformation behavior. These monitored records, supplemented with the laboratory test results, were analyzed in order to verify the in-situ horizontal coefficient of consolidation of the soil as well as the rate and amount of settlement. The maximum surface settlement was calculated using one-dimensional consolidation theory, Skernpton-Bjerrurn method, as well as Asaoka's method. In addition, a one-dimensional FEM computer software, capable of calculating the consolidation of multi-layered soil, named PVD-SD was also used successfully to predict the rate and amount of settlement. Finally, the monitored deformation behavior was compared with the predictions during the design stage of SBCH to evaluate the performance of PVD. The amount of settlement predicted by Asaoka's method was in excellent agreement with the observed values, whereas the one-dimensional consolidation method, Skempton-Bjerrurn method and the PVD-SD FEM method showed some overprediction. The PVD performance at SBCH Project confirmed and validated the ground improvement by preloading and drainage on soft Bangkok clay.

Page 8 of 47 | Total Record : 463

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