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JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Editorial Office Jurusan Teknik Mesin, ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Building C, Floor 2 Indonesia
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JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences
Published by Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25807471     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25807471
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Topics covered by JMES include most topics related to mechanical sciences including energy conversion (wind, turbine, and power plant), mechanical structure and design (solid mechanics, machine design), manufacturing (welding, industrial robotics, metal forming), advanced materials (composites, nanotube, metal foam, ceramics, polymer), metallurgy (corrosion, non-destructive testing, heat treatment, metal casting), heat transfer, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, mechatronics and controls, advanced energy storage and devices (fuel cell, electric vehicle, battery), numerical modelling (FEM, BEM).
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 93 Documents
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Characterization of Natural Convection over an Elliptical Tubes Array AR 2.5 and PR 1.25 inside a Thermally Asymmetric Cavity of Various Clearance Ratio Stefanus Widhipratama; Budi Utomo Kukuh Widodo
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v2i1.5167

Abstract

Natural convection is the phenomenon of heat transfer due to the buoyancy force of fluid. One application of natural convection inside a vertical cavity is refrigerator condenser of circular cross-section tube. An experimental investigation is presented on natural convection of air over an array of elliptical tubes of AR 2.5 arranged vertically inside a thermally asymmetric cavity. One side of the cavity is insulated and the opposite side is exposed to ambient air. The distance between tubes, pitch ratio PR is constant at 1.25 where “a” is a half of tube major axis. The Clearance Ratio \textit{CR} which is the ratio between the distance of tubes array major axis to the insulated wall x and the width of the cavity y, is varied 0.4 and 0.6. The heat flux of the tube is maintained at 22.79 kW/m$^2$. It is found that the higher value of heat transfer coefficient is achieved on CR= 0.4.
Experimental Study of Single Stage Centrifugal Pump Characteristics and Cussons Friction Loss Apparatus Kania Amelia Safitri; Sutardi Sutardi
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v3i2.9371

Abstract

Water is a primary need for human life. Because of its important use, an integrated system was built consisting of pumps and pipes to distribute water. The phenomenon of energy loss is found in the process of distributing water using pumps and pipes. To understand the energy loss phenomenon that occurs, an experimental test is carried out on a piping installation. Fluid mechanics and turbomachinery laboratories have experimental test equipment in the form of CUSSONS friction loss in pipe apparatus with a single-stage centrifugal pump to study the energy loss phenomenon that occurs in piping installations. This test equipment is composed of two kinds of pipe materials, namely PVC and acrylic, with variations in pipe diameter of 0.75 and 1.0 inch, flow meters in the form of venturi and orifice, pipe fittings in the form of elbow 45◦ , long radius elbow 90◦ , short radius elbow 90◦ , a valve in the form of ball-valve and pump connected to the NEWMAN electric motor which has a power of 1.5 HP and a rotational speed of 2850 RPM. The pressure drop in the piping installation was measured using a mercury manometer, the increase in pump pressure was measured with a pressure gauge, and the current and voltage of the motor pump were measured using a clamp meter. The flow rate for the installation was varied between 10L/min to 55 L/min with an increase in the flow rate of 5 L/min for the data collection on straight-pipe line I, fittings, and ball valves, on straight-pipe line II the variation of discharge only reached 40 L/min, while the variation of discharge for the flow meters was from 10 L/min to 30 L/min with an increase in the flow rate of 2 L/min for the orifice and 4 L/min for the venturi. Based on the experimental test data, it was found that the loss coefficient value (Kl) for K90= 0.58, for K45= 0.38, KBV = 0.62, and KLRE= 0.611. Relative roughness (e/D) on pipe line I= 0.0043 and pipe line II = 0.024. The coefficient of discharge (Cd) on the venture-type flow meter Ce= 0.91 and Co= 0.72 at maximum discharge. Maximum pump efficiency (ηp) was 27.1% when the pump head= 18.79 m.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Natural Convection on Elliptical Tube in Thermal Asymmetric Cavity Angga Tegar Setiawan; Budi Utomo Kukuh Widodo; Nila Rahmawati
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v2i2.6398

Abstract

The characteristic of natural convection heat transfer in a thermally asymmetric cavity is influenced by temperature differences and space between the heat source and cavity wall. The heat source is any bluff body placed inside the cavity. This research used a heated elliptic tube as the heat source inside the cavity. The three tubes are of 2.5 aspect ratio (AR) in a vertically aligned arrangement. The cavity was thermally asymmetric because three sides of the cavity were insulated while the other side was exposed to convection with ambient air. The clearance ratio (CR) as the ratio between the gap from the insulated wall to the major axis of the tubes to the space of the cavity is varied 0.4 and 0.6. while the pitch ratio is constant at 3.5a. this study analyzes the characteristics of heat transfer from the surface of the elliptical tube to the surrounding air experimentally and numerically. The result reveals that the highest heat transfer coefficient 0f 0.4 CR is higher than that of 0.6 CR. The numerical solution shows the contour and streamlines of the fluid flow in all conditions as the characteristics of natural transfer thermally asymmetric cavity.
Design and Analysis of ECVT on Electric Powered Vehicles for Determining the Speed Ratio Himmawan Sabda Maulana; I Nyoman Sutantra
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v5i2.8923

Abstract

Electronics Continuous Variable Transmission (ECVT) is a smart transmission that has unlimited gear ratios. By analyzing vehicle conditions, ECVT can choose the most efficient gear ratio. ECVT mode requires a Planetary Gear Set (PGS) as a power splitter. This research will use PGS and double electric motor to combine the ECVT mode with electric vehicles to determine the desired speed ratio. The PGS was designed by an analytical model and simulated using CAD software. The simulation will provide several input variations to get the right speed ratio, such as speed variations and rotational direction. The analytical model obtained a PGS ratio of 1:6 with 19 sun gear teeth, 95 ring gear teeth, 38 planet gear teeth, and a motor power of 47 kW. Simulation results will be applied to build the prototype that will be made with a 3D printer. This study shows that ECVT can be a transmission system for electric vehicles with 2 to 5 levels of transmission, and using double electric motors with small power can replace an electric motor with large power. To obtain maximum efficiency, a good control strategy is needed. The control strategy will be discussed in further research.
Quasi-Static Cyclic Response of Unidirectional Thin-Ply Hybrid Composites Putu Suwarta; Gergely Czel; Mohamad Fotouhi; Marco L. Longana; Sutikno Sutikno; Michael R. Wisnom
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v5i2.8614

Abstract

Quasi-static cyclic loading of unidirectional (UD) thin-ply hybrid composites was conducted to assess the extent of stiffness loss with increasing applied strain. For this study, three types of hybrid configuration were examined: SG1/MR401/SG1, SG1/TR301/SG1, SG1/TR302/SG1, where SG is a high strength glass fibre and MR40 is an intermediate modulus carbon fibre while TR30 is a standard modulus carbon fibre. The strain at first carbon ply failure and the knee point strain (εk) for the SG1/TR301/SG1 hybrid is higher than for the SG1/TR302/SG1 hybrid. This is due to the ‘hybrid effect’ which provides a delay in damage initiation due to a constraint on broken carbon cluster development. For SG1/MR401/SG1 and SG1/TR302/SG1 configurations, the stiffness reduction over the course of loading was governed by fragmentation of the carbon plies and delamination between the carbon and glass plies. A smaller stiffness reduction for the SG1/TR301/SG1 configuration compared to the other hybrid configurations was observed with the fragmentation of the carbon ply as the main damage mechanism responsible for the reduction. With each loading cycle, there was a small amount of hysteresis and residual strain. The response of the UD thin-ply hybrid laminates are considered pseudo-ductile because the damage in the form of ply fragmentation and stable delamination, leads to gradual loss of stiffness. The stable delamination of this hybrid material is due to the low energy release rate of the thin carbon ply.
Determination of Injection Molding Process Parameters using Combination of Backpropagation Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm Optimization Method Arif Wahjudi; Thenny Daus Salamoni; I Made Londen Batan; Dinny Harnany
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v5i2.8592

Abstract

The polymer matrix composite (PMC) in use today is generally made of synthetic fibers which are expensive and not environmentally friendly. The use of synthetic fibers can be replaced with natural fibers, which are more environmentally friendly at a lower price. The natural fiber material used in this study is made from husks, with a particle size of 500 µm (mesh 35). In the PMC manufacturing process, rice husks are mixed with polypropylene (PP) and maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) with a composition of 10 wt% RH, 85 wt% PP and 5 wt% MAPP. PMC materials using natural fibers are called biocomposite materials. The result of mixing PMC with natural fibers in the form of pellets is then carried out by the injection process using an injection molding machine. The printed results are in the form of tensile test specimens based on ASTM D 638-03 type V testing standards and impact test specimens based on ASTM D 256-04 testing standards. The research was conducted by optimizing the responses i.e. tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposite material in the injection molding machine process, whereas varied process parameters, namely barrel temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure, injection velocity were selected as process parameters. The backpropagation neural network (BPNN) training method is used to recognize the pattern of the relationship between process parameters and response parameters based on the previous experiment, while the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method is to determine the variation settings for process parameters that can optimize tensile and impact strength. The results of the BPNN training have a 4-9-9-2 network architecture consisting of 4 input layers, 2 hidden layers with 9 neurons, and 2 neurons in the output layer. Optimization with GA produces a combination of variable process parameters barrel temperature 217◦C, injection pressure 55 Bar, holding pressure 41 Bar and injection velocity 65 mm/sec. The results of statistical validation using one sample T test show that the average value of tensile strength and impact strength from the results of the confirmation experiment is the same as the value of the tensile strength and impact strength of the optimization prediction.
Comparative Study of Hydro-Magneto-Electric Regenerative Shock Absorber (HMERSA) with Two Outputs Hydraulic Generator Installed Series And Parallels Taufik Kurniawan; Harus Laksana Guntur
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v5i2.8934

Abstract

Through the Regenerative Shock Absorber (RSA) mechanism, wasted energy will be utilized into electrical energy. Hydro-Magneto-Electric Regenerative Shock Absorber (HMERSA) was designed and analyzed with 2 generator outputs installed in series and parallel. The twin-tube shock absorber was modified, so that fluid flow in the chamber is only unidirectional flow. It is passed to four check valves that keep the fluid flow in one direction and towards the 2 hydro-generators installed on the system in series and parallel positions. The hydro-generator converts the linear fluid flow into a rotational motion which causes the generator to rotate and generate energy. HMERSA was tested on minibus with speed bumps types of roads. In the bump test, the harvested energy were 8.2 Volts and 5.97 Volts for HMERSA with 2 generator outputs installed in series, and 5.169 Volts and 4.33 Volts for HMERSA with 2 parallel output generators. From the result, we can conclude that HMERSA with 2 generator outputs installed in series is better than HMERSA with 2 parallel output generators.
Multi-objective Optimization Using Neural Network, Differential Evolution, and Teaching Learning Based Optimization in Drilling Process of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Kirana Alif Fatika; Mohammad Khoirul Effendi
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v5i2.10382

Abstract

This experiment focused on the drilling process of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites. The data was obtained from an experiment carried out by Production Engineering Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering, Institut Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya in 2019. The experiment was done with an artificial intelligence method called Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) as an approach to predict the response parameters (thrust force, torque, hole roundness, and hole surface roughness). The parameter inputs are drill point geometry, drill point angle, feed rate, and spindle speed. Hence the prediction would be used to gain the minimum input parameters by applying metaheuristic methods called Differential Evolution (DE) and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO). Then the result from both methods was compared to determine which method gained the better optimization values. Since BPNN-DE and BPNN-TLBO with type X drill point geometry was considerably better than type S drill point geometry, type X drill point geometry could be used to optimize the drilling process of GFRP.
Optimization Design Analysis of Boiler Blowdown Utilization on A Rotary Coal Dryer with Drum Tilt Angle Variations Alvin Mizrawan Tarmizi; Bambang Arip Dwiyantoro; Aripin Gandi Marbun
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v6i1.12046

Abstract

Lignite coal has dominated the use of steam power plants in recent years. Despite the consequences, which cause many problems, lignite is cheap and easy to obtain. One of the problems was mitigated by reducing the moisture content using a rotary coal dryer. Coal dryer is deemed uneconomical with the current energy sources from turbine extraction steam, electric heaters, and exhaust gas using large-powered fans. The waste energy from boiler blowdown, a water-vapored fluid discharged from the boiler to maintain water and steam quality, is being conducted to improve. Blowdown investigated in a rotary coal dryer type. The compressed air absorbed the heat from the blowdown through the steam coil. The hot air mixed with the coal in the rotary drum. A rotary drum was tested with the tilt angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, and 90°. The research steps were designing, preliminary modeling, numerical analysis, prototyping, and experimental performing. The result shows that the moisture content has decreased significantly from 35.37% to 21.28%, within an angle of 10°. Based on an economic assessment, this coal dryer also proves that dried lignite coal has increased 4.9% economic value than bituminous coal.
Numerical Study of Deflection and Stress Distribution on Composite Box Spar Structure – Application In Wind Turbine Blade Putri Safina Ufaira; Putu Suwarta; Galih Bangga
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v6i1.10648

Abstract

This paper present finite element analysis on the internal structure of wind turbine to examined the deflection and stress distribution. The structure was modeled as a cantilever box beam with constant cross section along the length. The dimension of the structure was set according to the original design of the 10 MW AVATAR (Advanced Aerodynamic Tools for Large Rotors) wind turbine. The proposed materials were unidirectional thin-ply TC35/Epoxy and M55/Epoxy carbon composites and standardthickness S−Glass 913/Epoxy composite. The fibre at the spar caps is oriented at 90o and at the shear webs at 0o. The deflection curve of the three composite materials showing non-linear behaviour with a maximum deflection of 2.618 m, 2.429 m, 4.175 m at the blade tip for S−Glass 913/Epoxy, T35/Epoxy, M55/Epoxy respectively which is less than the maximum deflection of an existing AVATAR beam. The critical stresses are located at the top outer surface of the spar cap which received the load directly and at the intersection between the spar caps and shear webs where stress transfer occurs. The deflection performance of the structure is dictated by the transverse Young’s Modulus (E22)  while the longitudinal Young’s Modulus (E11) plays an important role on stress distribution.

Page 5 of 10 | Total Record : 93

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