cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Abdul Kadir Jaelani
Contact Email
alanzaelani50@gmail.com
Phone
+6287738904981
Journal Mail Official
journalhumanrightslegalsystem@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Sibela Utara Street No.3, Mojosongo, Kec. Jebres, Kota Surakarta
Location
Kota surakarta,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
JHCLS
Published by Yayasan Pendidikan Contrarius Indonesia
ISSN : 28072979     EISSN : 28072812     DOI : 10.33292
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System is a double-blind review academic journal for Legal Studies published by Research and Social Study Institute. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System contains several researches and reviews on selected disciplines within several branches of Legal Studies (Sociology of Law, History of Law, Comparative Law, etc.). In addition, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System also covers multiple studies on law in a broader sense. This journal is periodically published (in March, July and November). The focus of Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System is publishing the manuscript of outcome study, and conceptual ideas which specific in the sector of Law science. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System aims to provide a forum for lectures and researchers on applied law science to publish the original articles. The scope of Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System is Criminal Law, Civil Law, International Law, Islamic Law, Agrarian Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Procedural Law, Commercial Law, Constitutional Law, Civil Procedural Law, Adat Law, Tourism Law and Environmental Law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 156 Documents
 12   13   14   15   16 
Legal Approaches to Data Transfer and Traceability in CRM Value Chains Internationally Naeem AllahRakha; Umida Shaakbarovna Sharaxmetova; Burxanova Leyla Mariusovna; Abdullayeva Malikabonu Erkin Kizi; Akramov Akmaljon Anvarjon Ugli
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i1.777

Abstract

China controls nearly 90% of the global supply of strategic rare earth elements, and its 2025 export restrictions exposed significant vulnerabilities in global critical raw material (CRM) supply chains. Although many jurisdictions have adopted traceability requirements to improve supply chain transparency, these measures increasingly conflict with national data sovereignty regulations, creating a legal trilemma involving transparency, data control, and international trade. This study examines the legal implications of divergent data sovereignty regimes for CRM traceability and evaluates the adequacy of existing international mechanisms governing cross-border data transfers. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and analytical approaches to assess the compatibility of domestic regulatory frameworks with international trade obligations. The findings reveal three principal conclusions. First, existing international and domestic legal frameworks governing cross-border data transfers remain fragmented, generating regulatory inconsistencies that undermine the effectiveness, reliability, and interoperability of CRM traceability systems. Second, an effective international traceability framework requires harmonized legal standards that establish clear and proportionate rules, recognize the legal validity of digital traceability records, safeguard legitimate state interests in strategic data governance, and facilitate secure cross-border information exchange. Third, although the traceability trilemma cannot be completely resolved because transparency, data sovereignty, and international trade embody competing legal priorities, a balanced international legal framework aligned with World Trade Organization principles can reduce regulatory conflicts, strengthen legal certainty, prevent disguised trade restrictions, and promote trustworthy cooperation throughout the global CRM value chain.
State Civil Apparatus Neutrality Policy in General Elections: Lessons from Several Countries Sri Handayani; Albertus Sentot Sudarwanto; Enny Nurbaningsih; Rosalia Agustin Shela Hendrasmara
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.996

Abstract

This study evaluates the legal framework governing State Civil Apparatus neutrality in Indonesia by examining how recurring neutrality violations, political intervention, ineffective sanctions, and the transfer of supervisory authority under Law Number 20 of 2023 have weakened bureaucratic professionalism and electoral integrity. This study employs normative legal research by applying statutory, conceptual, case, analytical, comparative, and philosophical approaches. It examines primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through qualitative legal analysis and draws conclusions using deductive reasoning. The findings demonstrate three major conclusions. First, Pancasila, constitutional principles, and good governance provide the legal and philosophical foundation for State Civil Apparatus neutrality by requiring a professional, impartial, and politically independent bureaucracy. Second, the existing supervisory framework fails to ensure effective neutrality enforcement because institutional dependence, fragmented authority, and conflicts of interest weaken regulatory implementation. Third, this study reconstructs the regulatory framework by establishing an independent supervisory institution, strengthening legal provisions on neutrality, protecting whistleblowers, regulating digital conduct, and integrating administrative and electoral sanctions to improve bureaucratic integrity, strengthen legal certainty, and promote democratic governance.
Victim Impact Statements for Equitable Judicial Protection of Crime Victims Bambang Prayitno; Angkasa Angkasa; Kuat Puji Prayitno; Budiyono Budiyono; Mohd Shafiee Bin Hamzah
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.1004

Abstract

Indonesia's criminal justice system prioritizes offender prosecution while Law Number 20 of 2025 introduces Victim Impact Statements to strengthen victims' rights. However, the law does not clearly regulate its substantive content, legal function, procedural mechanism, or influence on judicial decision making. This study examines the implementation of the Victim Impact Statement in the Indonesian criminal justice system, evaluates its role in strengthening legal protection for victims, and formulates an ideal integration model. The research employs an empirical legal method using statutory, case, conceptual, and comparative approaches with qualitative analysis of interviews, documents, and legal materials. The findings produce three principal conclusions. First, the existing legal framework does not comprehensively integrate the Victim Impact Statement into the Indonesian criminal justice process, resulting in inconsistent implementation and limited legal effectiveness. Second, the absence of clear substantive and procedural standards restricts judges from incorporating the Victim Impact Statement effectively into sentencing considerations and limits its contribution to victim protection. Third, Indonesia needs to establish a comprehensive normative and procedural framework that strengthens the legal position of victims, supports informed judicial decision making, promotes balanced participation between victims and offenders, and advances a more equitable and justice oriented criminal justice system
Legal Protection for Individual Entrepreneurs Through Regulatory Reform in Uzbekistan Aybek Bakhramovich Yakubov; Nargiza Doroyevna Raimova; Uktamjon Zarifjon ugli Tukhtaev; Mavludbek Mukimkon ugli Ismoilov; Shokhrukh Islomjon ugli Gulomov
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.1008

Abstract

The individual entrepreneurship sector in Uzbekistan has experienced rapid growth and has become one of the key pillars of national economic development. However, in practice, individual entrepreneurs continue to face various legal and administrative obstacles that may hinder business growth and sustainability. This situation raises questions regarding the effectiveness of existing policies and regulations in protecting the rights of individual entrepreneurs. This study aims to first, analyze the existing legal framework for the protection of individual entrepreneurship rights in Uzbekistan; second, identify the ideal regulatory model for protecting the rights of individual entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom, a country that has successfully implemented progressive entrepreneurial regulatory reforms; and third, formulate recommendations for regulatory reform concerning individual entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that first, the protection of individual entrepreneurs’ rights in Uzbekistan remains constrained by several factors, including regulatory inconsistencies, weak law enforcement, complex bureaucratic procedures, corruption practices, and limited legal awareness among business actors. Second, the United Kingdom has developed a comprehensive protection model that combines regulatory certainty, social protection, and effective business risk management through transparent regulations, accessible dispute resolution mechanisms, and business support services. Third, this study argues that comprehensive regulatory reform is necessary through regulatory harmonization, strengthening law enforcement institutions, enhancing bureaucratic transparency, and promoting a stronger legal culture. Such reforms are expected to improve legal certainty and provide more effective protection for individual entrepreneurs in Uzbekistan
Trademark Protection Regulations for MSMEs in Advancing an Equitable Creative Economy Anis Mashdurohatun; Tri Atika Febriany; Jentung Wisnu Murti; Seftia Azrianti; Mustafa Khedewi
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.1020

Abstract

Trademark protection for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is essential to ensuring legal certainty, enhancing business competitiveness, and fostering an equitable creative economy. However, Indonesia's current trademark legal framework remains insufficiently responsive to the distinctive needs and characteristics of MSMEs. This study aims to examine the shortcomings of the current trademark protection framework applicable to MSMEs and to formulate an ideal regulatory model capable of supporting the development of an equitable creative economy. Adopting a socio-legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study finds that trademark protection for MSMEs remains inadequate due to the implementation of the first to file principle, the absence of affirmative legal protection, weak institutional coordination, limited access to legal assistance, and the ineffectiveness of trademark infringement enforcement mechanisms in the digital era. Accordingly, reconstruction of the trademark protection framework is necessary through a justice oriented regulatory model that integrates affirmative protection for MSMEs, institutional strengthening, and digital law enforcement in order to ensure legal certainty, substantive justice, and sustainable economic development.
Environmental Protection Through Sustainability Clauses in Contract Law Iroda Bakhramovna Yakubova; Alisher Abdusalimovich Makhmudov; Dinara Islamovna Babajanova; Yulduzkhon Khatamjan Qizi Satvaldieva; Muniskhon Yuldash kizi Usmonova
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i2.1021

Abstract

Global environmental crises and the increasing contribution of private sector activities to ecological degradation create serious challenges for sustainable development in Uzbekistan. Although Uzbekistan has adopted green economy policies and environmental regulations, the implementation of sustainability principles in contractual relationships remains limited due to the absence of clear sustainability standards, weak corporate environmental awareness, and limited judicial practice. This study examines the reconstruction of Uzbekistan’s contract law based on sustainability principles using a normative juridical and comparative legal approach. The findings reveal that Uzbekistan still lacks comprehensive legal mechanisms for integrating sustainability principles into contractual relations and environmental liability systems, while international practices demonstrate that sustainability standards, environmental certification, green procurement, and effective dispute settlement mechanisms can strengthen ecological responsibility in business activities. Therefore, Uzbekistan needs a more integrated sustainability-based contract law framework to support environmental protection and sustainable economic development.

Page 16 of 16 | Total Record : 156

 12   13   14   15   16 

Filter by Year

2021 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 3, No 3 (2023): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 3, No 2 (2023): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 3, No 1 (2023): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 2, No 3 (2022): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 2, No 2 (2022): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 1, No 3 (2021): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System More Issue