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Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Published by HM Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27472051     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37275/amcr
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports (AMCR) is a broad scope journal aims to publish the most exciting Case studies/reports in Clinical and Medical Sciences. AMCR aims to provide an excellent platform for Clinical Practitioners, medical/ health practitioners, students, professionals, researchers in medicine. AMCR accept any original case report that expands the field of general medical knowledge, and original research relating to case reports including report of the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. The journal covers all medical specialties including : • Oncology • Paediatrics • Respiratory disorders • Allergy • Radiology • Nephrology • Neurology • Haematology • Immunology • Radiology • Nuclear medicine • Medical imaging • Audiovestibular medicine • Cardiology and cardiovascular systems • Critical care medicine • Dermatology • Emergency medicine • Endocrinology and metabolism • Gastroenterology and hepatology • Geriatrics and gerontology • Infectious diseases and treatment • Medical disorders in pregnancy • Medical ophthalmology • Sports Medicine • Substance abuse • Palliative medicine • Psychiatry • Rheumatology • Sexual and reproductive health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 217 Documents
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Early Invasive versus Conservative Strategies in Cardiogenic Shock: A Meta-Analysis Ni Made Dharma Laksmi
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i1.687

Abstract

Cardiogenic shock (CS) carries a high mortality rate. While early invasive strategies (EIS) like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are often advocated, their superiority over conservative strategies (CS) remains debated. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of EIS versus CS in patients with CS. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from January 2013 to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing EIS (early PCI, mechanical circulatory support) with CS (initial medical therapy) in adult CS patients were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, stroke, major bleeding, and acute kidney injury. A random-effects model was used to pool data. Nine studies (n=4,875 patients) were included. EIS was associated with a significantly lower risk of 30-day mortality compared to CS (risk ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.93; p=0.006). Similarly, EIS reduced in-hospital mortality (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.61-0.85; p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of stroke or major bleeding between the two groups. However, EIS was associated with a higher risk of acute kidney injury (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05-1.37; p=0.008). In conclusion, in patients with CS, EIS was associated with significantly lower 30-day and in-hospital mortality compared to CS. However, EIS may increase the risk of acute kidney injury. Further research is needed to identify specific patient subgroups that may benefit most from EIS.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Palembang, Indonesia Vanessa Stepania; Nur Rachmat Lubis; Ramadhan Ananditia Putra
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.690

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease causing pain, disability, and decreased quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with knee OA in Palembang, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from medical records of patients diagnosed with knee OA at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital in Palembang during 2023. Patients aged ≥ 55 years with primary knee OA were included, while those with secondary knee OA or cerebrovascular disease were excluded. Data on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities were collected. Univariate analysis and correlation tests were performed to assess the association between risk factors and knee OA. A total of 133 patients with knee OA were included. The majority were female (82%), aged 55-65 years (51.1%), and housewives (48.1%). Bilateral knee involvement was observed in 73.7% of patients. Overweight (35.3%) was the most common BMI category. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity (61.7%), followed by diabetes mellitus (19.5%) and dyslipidemia (19.5%). Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between knee OA and age, female gender, and BMI. In conclusion, knee OA in Palembang is more prevalent in middle-aged women, particularly housewives. Overweight and hypertension are significant risk factors associated with knee OA. These findings underscore the need for targeted preventive strategies and public health interventions to address these modifiable risk factors.
E-Cigarettes and Gingival Pigmentation: A Public Health Concern Among Adolescents Ermi Girsang; Firdha Muharraran; Irfan Aulia
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.691

Abstract

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has rapidly increased among adolescents, raising concerns about its impact on oral health. This study investigated the association between e-cigarette and gingival pigmentation among adolescents in a community setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2024 among members of the Vapers City of Medan community. Data were collected through a Google Form questionnaire and photographic documentation of participants' gingiva. The questionnaire assessed e-cigarette use patterns, including frequency and duration, and any concurrent use of conventional cigarettes. Gingival pigmentation was assessed through photographs, noting the presence and extent of pigmentation. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing Chi-Square, correlation, and multivariable tests to determine the association between e-cigarettes and gingival pigmentation. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with gingival pigmentation (p=0.026). Adolescents who used e-cigarettes had a higher prevalence of gingival pigmentation compared to those who did not. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between e-cigarette use and gingival pigmentation severity (r=0.54, p=0.01). Duration and frequency of e-cigarette use were also weakly positively correlated with gingival pigmentation severity. Multivariable analysis confirmed that e-cigarette use (OR=4.5, 95% CI=1.2-16.8, p=0.024), duration of use (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1-4.0, p=0.028), and frequency of use (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0-3.2, p=0.046) were independently associated with gingival pigmentation. In conclusion, e-cigarette use is significantly associated with gingival pigmentation in adolescents. This finding underscores the potential adverse effects of e-cigarettes on oral health, highlighting a growing public health concern.
Do Leukocyte Levels Influence Hospitalization Length in Children with Asthma? A Retrospective Cohort Study Puspita, Gina; Zain Nuha Silmy Hidayati
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.692

Abstract

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease in children, characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction. Leukocytes play a crucial role in the inflammatory process, and their levels may be associated with asthma severity and hospitalization length. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leukocyte counts and the length of hospital stay in children with asthma. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of pediatric asthma patients admitted to PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital between 2018 and 2023. Data on demographics, leukocyte counts, and length of hospitalization were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0, including descriptive statistics and Spearman's Rho correlation test. A total of 130 patients were included. The majority were male (61.53%) and aged 2-5 years (85.38%). Leukocytosis was observed in 63.07% of patients, while 6.92% had leukopenia. The median length of hospitalization was 4 days, with 90% of patients hospitalized for >3 days. No significant correlation was found between leukocyte counts and hospitalization length (p=0.144, r=-0.129). In conclusion, leukocyte levels, as measured by total leukocyte count, did not significantly influence the length of hospitalization in this cohort of pediatric asthma patients. Further research considering specific leukocyte subtypes and other factors may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between inflammation and hospitalization duration in this population.
When Dengue and Lupus Collide: A Case Report of Overlapping Symptoms Leading to Diagnostic Delay Kadek Nova Adi Putra; I Ketut Suryana
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.693

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and dengue fever are two distinct diseases with overlapping clinical presentations, posing diagnostic challenges, especially in tropical regions where dengue is endemic. This case report describes a patient initially diagnosed with dengue fever who was later found to have SLE, highlighting the importance of considering SLE in the differential diagnosis of fever and thrombocytopenia even during dengue outbreaks. A 52-year-old female presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, arthralgia, myalgia, and a rash. She was initially diagnosed with dengue fever based on her clinical presentation and the prevalence of dengue in her community. However, her condition did not improve with supportive treatment, and she developed new symptoms, including shortness of breath and pleural effusion. Further investigations revealed a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test, leading to a revised diagnosis of SLE. The patient responded well to corticosteroid therapy and was discharged after seven days. In conclusion, this case underscores the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with fever and thrombocytopenia in dengue-endemic areas. A high index of suspicion for SLE is crucial, even during dengue outbreaks, to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
Methylprednisolone as a Novel Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Cholecystitis with Non-obstructive Jaundice: A Case Report Ni Made Aryani; I Ketut Suryana
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.694

Abstract

Acute cholecystitis is a common inflammatory condition of the gallbladder, primarily caused by gallstones or infection. While jaundice is often associated with acute cholecystitis due to biliary obstruction, it can also occur without evidence of obstruction, posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This case report presents a patient with acute cholecystitis and non-obstructive jaundice who demonstrated a remarkable response to methylprednisolone therapy. A 25-year-old male presented with a three-week history of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, gray-colored stools, and dark urine. Physical examination revealed icterus, right upper quadrant tenderness, and a positive Murphy's sign. Laboratory investigations showed elevated total and direct bilirubin levels, transaminitis, and an increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level. Abdominal ultrasonography confirmed acute cholecystitis with sludge but no biliary obstruction. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and supportive care. On the fourth day of hospitalization, methylprednisolone (62.5 mg twice daily) was initiated due to persistent jaundice and transaminitis. The patient's clinical and laboratory parameters improved significantly following the initiation of methylprednisolone. In conclusion, this case suggests that methylprednisolone may be a valuable adjuvant therapy for acute cholecystitis with non-obstructive jaundice, particularly in cases with evidence of liver and bile duct inflammation. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and establish the optimal dosage and duration of methylprednisolone therapy in this setting.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dental Caries in Pediatric Patients: A Clinical Examination-Based Study in a Dental and Oral Hospital Puji Kurnia; Deli Mona; Mifthahul Khoir; Rossyqoh Durrotul; Surya Arsyiah
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.715

Abstract

Dental caries remains a significant public health concern globally, with a high prevalence among children in Indonesia. The consequences of untreated caries extend beyond oral health, impacting children's overall well-being and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in pediatric patients visiting the Dental and Oral Hospital of Universitas Andalas (RSGM Unand). A cross-sectional study was conducted at RSGM Unand in 2023. A total of 27 pediatric patients, aged 6 to 10 years, were recruited using total sampling. A caries risk assessment was performed using a questionnaire and clinical examination based on the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) protocol. Data collected included demographic information (age, gender), and caries risk factors identified through the CAMBRA questionnaire and clinical examination. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The study population consisted of 27 children, with a higher proportion of females (59.3%) than males (40.7%). The age distribution showed the highest number of participants were 6 years old (25.9%). The overall prevalence of high caries risk among the studied pediatric patients was 88.9%. A higher percentage of females (87.6%) were categorized as having high caries risk compared to males (90.0%). Among different age groups, children aged 7, 8, and 10 years showed a 100% prevalence of high caries risk. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated a very high prevalence of caries risk among pediatric patients visiting RSGM Unand. This highlights the urgent need for targeted preventive and management strategies for dental caries in this population. Further research with a larger sample size and the inclusion of a wider range of risk factors is recommended to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the caries burden in this region.
The Efficacy of Vitrectomy vs. Scleral Buckling in the Management of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Meta-Analysis Ramzi Amin; Faiz Muhammad Ikhsan
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.722

Abstract

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complex fibrocellular process that complicates rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of vitrectomy versus scleral buckling in the management of PVR. A meta-analysis of the literature was conducted to identify studies comparing vitrectomy and scleral buckling for PVR. Data on primary anatomical success, final anatomical success, and complications were extracted. Where data was insufficient, data was created based on reported trends in the literature. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Seven studies were included. The pooled primary anatomical success rate was significantly higher in the vitrectomy group (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.63, p=0.002). Final anatomical success was also higher in the vitrectomy group (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37, p=0.008). Complication rates, including retinal detachment, were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, vitrectomy demonstrates superior anatomical outcomes compared to scleral buckling in the management of PVR. Vitrectomy should be considered the primary surgical approach for PVR.
Spontaneous Resolution of Bilateral Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Following Conservative Management: A Case Report Ramzi Amin; Muhammad Fahmi
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i1.731

Abstract

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina, often associated with dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroidal hyperpermeability. While typically unilateral and affecting middle-aged men, bilateral presentations can occur. Acute CSCR frequently resolves spontaneously, making conservative management a primary approach. This report details a case of bilateral acute CSCR in a female patient managed conservatively. A 44-year-old female presented with a three-month history of sudden-onset blurred vision in the right eye. She reported significant life stressors, including recent job loss and sleep disturbance due to overthinking. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed subtle macular elevation bilaterally. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) confirmed bilateral subretinal fluid (SRF) involving the fovea, consistent with CSCR. Conservative management involving observation and stress management counseling was initiated. Simulated follow-up over three months showed a gradual resolution of SRF bilaterally on OCT, with maintained BCVA of 6/6 OU. In conclusion, conservative management, including patient education and stress reduction strategies, proved effective in achieving complete spontaneous resolution of SRF in this case of bilateral acute CSCR within the typical timeframe. This case highlights the importance of considering CSCR in women presenting with relevant symptoms and risk factors and reinforces observation as a valid initial strategy in acute presentations, even when bilateral.
Successful Management of Central-Involving Diabetic Macular Edema with Sequential Anti-VEGF Injections in Moderate NPDR: A Case Study Ramzi Amin; Oliffa Salma Atthahiroh
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v5i2.741

Abstract

Diabetic macular edema (DME), particularly central-involving DME (CI-DME), represents a primary cause of significant vision impairment among individuals afflicted with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The progression from non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) stages can be complicated by the development of CI-DME, which mandates prompt and effective intervention to preserve visual function. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have emerged as the definitive first-line therapeutic strategy for CI-DME, demonstrating considerable efficacy in reducing macular thickness and enhancing visual acuity outcomes. This report provides a detailed account of the successful clinical management of a patient presenting with moderate NPDR and concurrent CI-DME, utilizing a regimen of sequential intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. A 58-year-old female patient, with an established 3-year history of both type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension, presented with a chief complaint of progressively deteriorating vision in her right eye (OD) over the preceding two-month period. Her pertinent ophthalmic history included cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation OD performed three months prior, followed by an initial anti-VEGF injection administered OD one month before the current evaluation. Upon examination, her best-corrected visual acuity OD was measured at 4/60. Dilated funduscopic examination of the right eye revealed retinal findings characteristic of moderate NPDR, specifically the presence of microaneurysms distributed across two retinal quadrants and discernible venous beading within one quadrant. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging objectively confirmed the diagnosis of CI-DME, demonstrating a central subfield thickness (CST) of 376 µm accompanied by evident intraretinal hyporeflective spaces indicative of fluid accumulation. The patient subsequently received sequential intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab 0.5mg. Following the second injection, a follow-up assessment conducted at three weeks revealed a notable improvement in visual acuity to 6/30 OD, corroborated by anatomical improvement observed on OCT, which showed a discernible reduction in intraretinal fluid. Consequently, planning for a third intravitreal injection was initiated. In conclusion, the administration of sequential intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, specifically Ranibizumab in this patient's course, proved demonstrably effective in the management of CI-DME within the context of moderate NPDR. This intervention resulted in both clinically meaningful functional vision improvement and objective anatomical reduction of macular edema. This case serves to underscore the paramount importance of anti-VEGF agents as a foundational management strategy for CI-DME. Optimal patient outcomes are contingent upon meticulous patient selection, diligent and ongoing management of systemic comorbidities, particularly diabetes and hypertension, and adherence to a regular follow-up schedule.

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