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Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research

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Published by HM Publisher

ISSN : - EISSN : 25980580 DOI : https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

This journal welcomes the submission of articles that offering a sensible transfer of basic research to applied clinical medicine. BioScientia Medicina covers the latest developments in various fields of biomedicine with special attention to : 1.Rhemumatology 2.Molecular aspect of Indonesia Traditional Herb 3.Cardiology and Cardiovascular diseases 4.Genetics 5.Immunology 6.Environmental health 7.Toxicology 8. Neurology 9. Pharmacology 10. Oncology 11. Other multidisciplinary studies related medicine. The views of experts on current advances in nanotechnology and molecular/cell biology will be also considered for publication as long as they have a direct clinical impact on human health.

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 1,518 Documents

138 139 140 141 142

Comparative Analysis of Early Postoperative Cognitive Decline Following Isoflurane versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Geriatric Patients: A Prospective Observational Study Recky Antoni; Nopian Hidayat; Dino Irawan
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1534

Background: As the global geriatric population expands, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has emerged as a critical perioperative complication. While volatile anesthetics are standard for maintenance, conflicting evidence exists regarding the comparative neurotoxicity of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane, particularly in resource-limited settings where cost influences agent choice. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the magnitude of early cognitive decline associated with these two agents in an Indonesian geriatric cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective comparative observational study involving 40 geriatric patients (aged ≥60 years, ASA II-III) undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery at Arifin Achmad Regional General Hospital, Indonesia. Patients were recruited via consecutive sampling and allocated to receive maintenance anesthesia with either Sevoflurane (n=20) or Isoflurane (n=20) according to standard clinical protocols. Cognitive function was assessed preoperatively and at 72 hours postoperatively using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA). The primary outcome was the magnitude of cognitive change (Delta score) and the incidence of cognitive decline. Results: Baseline characteristics were homogenous (p > 0.05). The Sevoflurane group exhibited a non-significant trend toward decline (Pre: 26.85 ± 1.09 vs. Post: 26.45 ± 1.28; p = 0.057) with a mean delta of 0.40. Conversely, the Isoflurane group demonstrated a statistically significant deterioration (Pre: 26.90 ± 1.07 vs. Post: 25.90 ± 1.55; p = 0.008) with a mean delta of 1.00. The magnitude of decline was significantly greater in the Isoflurane group (p = 0.026). The incidence of early cognitive decline was 25% for Isoflurane versus 10% for Sevoflurane. Conclusion: Isoflurane anesthesia is associated with a greater magnitude of early postoperative cognitive decline compared to Sevoflurane in geriatric patients. While Sevoflurane is not devoid of cognitive impact, it appears to offer a superior safety profile for early neurocognitive recovery. These findings suggest Sevoflurane may be the preferable agent for geriatric anesthesia in settings where newer agents like Desflurane are unavailable.

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Extract Restores Immune Homeostasis and Accelerates Healing in MRSA-Infected Wounds: A Mechanistic In Vivo Study via Downregulation of TNF-α, CRP, and IL-10 Rizal Arief Muttaqien; Eriawan Agung Nugroho; Gina Yunita Joice Sitorus
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1535

Background: The rise of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in surgical site infections necessitates the development of non-resistant therapeutic adjuvants. Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) possesses known antimicrobial properties, yet its specific immunomodulatory effects on the MRSA-induced cytokine storm and wound chronicity remain under-characterized. This study investigated the efficacy of a standardized ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum flower buds in modulating the inflammatory milieu and accelerating wound repair. Methods: A true experimental study was conducted using 30 male Wistar rats with MRSA-infected dorsal excision wounds. Subjects were randomized into six groups (n=5): Normal Control (K1), Negative Control (MRSA+Vehicle, K2), Positive Control (MRSA+Vancomycin, K3), and treatment groups receiving 25 mg (P1), 50 mg (P2), and 100 mg/200g BW (P3) of extract orally for 10 days. The extract was characterized via HPLC. Serum TNF-α, CRP, and IL-10 were quantified by ELISA. Secondary outcomes included bacterial load reduction and macroscopic wound contraction rates. Results: HPLC analysis confirmed eugenol (68.4%) and β-caryophyllene (12.1%) as major constituents. MRSA infection (K2) provoked a severe inflammatory state (TNF-α: 17.92 ± 0.42 pg/mL; IL-10: 110.21 ± 2.72 pg/mL). The 100 mg extract dose (P3) significantly suppressed TNF-α (7.40 ± 0.48 pg/mL, p<0.001) and normalized IL-10 (49.92 ± 2.56 pg/mL), demonstrating non-inferiority to Vancomycin (p=1.000). Bacterial load was reduced by 4 log units (1.2 × 10³ vs 5.8 × 10⁷ CFU/g). Conclusion: Standardized S. aromaticum extract functions as a potent immunomodulator, resolving MRSA-induced inflammation by balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby facilitating the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase of healing.

The Price of Delay and the Uncoupling of Severity: A Penalized Multivariate Analysis of Treatment Adequacy Versus Timing as Determinants of Congenital Syphilis Ida Ayu Sintya Pratiwi; I Wayan Dharma Artana
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1536

Background: Despite global elimination targets, congenital syphilis (CS) remains a critical cause of preventable neonatal morbidity. While the importance of antenatal screening is established, the relative impact of treatment adequacy (dosage/adherence) versus timing on neonatal severity—specifically the uncoupling phenomenon where severe visceral damage occurs despite normal birth biometrics—remains under-characterized in resource-limited settings. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 101 syphilis-exposed mother-infant pairs at a tertiary referral center in Indonesia (2021–2025). We evaluated maternal serologic testing time, treatment timing, and treatment adequacy (defined strictly per CDC guidelines; inadequate defined as <30 days pre-delivery, non-penicillin, or missed doses). To address sparse data bias and quasi-complete separation in the dataset, Firth’s Penalized Likelihood Logistic Regression was utilized to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for severe clinical manifestations. Results: The prevalence of proven/possible CS was 58.4%. High-fidelity analysis revealed that inadequate maternal treatment was the dominant predictor of adverse outcomes (aOR = 85.40; 95% CI: 14.2–512.5; p<0.001), significantly outpacing delayed serologic testing (aOR = 4.8; p=0.012). A distinct uncoupling profile was identified: neonates born to inadequately treated mothers had high odds of severe visceral manifestations (hepatosplenomegaly, hematological failure) (aOR = 11.05), yet traditional biometrics (low birth weight, prematurity) showed no significant association (p>0.05). Conclusion: Treatment adequacy is the single most critical determinant of neonatal prognosis. The dissociation between normal birth weight and severe organ damage suggests that anthropometry is a poor triage tool for syphilis. A zero-tolerance policy for therapeutic deviations is imperative.

Prognostic Significance of the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype in Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of E-Cadherin Loss and Stromal Alpha-SMA Upregulation as Recurrence Predictors Meira Astuti; Endang Mahati; Udadi Sadhana; Selamat Budijitno; Ign Riwanto
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1537

Background: Basal cell carcinoma represents the most prevalent cutaneous malignancy worldwide. While metastasis is rare, local recurrence poses a substantial therapeutic challenge, particularly in the anatomically critical H-zone of the face. Conventional risk stratification relies on tumor size and histological subtype, but these markers frequently fail to capture the intrinsic biological aggressiveness of the tumor. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype, characterized by the loss of epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin and the activation of the tumor stroma via alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, has emerged as a potential driver of local invasion. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines to evaluate the prognostic value of these biomarkers. A comprehensive search identified ten pivotal studies comprising 648 cases. The primary endpoint was adverse outcome, defined as clinical recurrence or the presence of high-risk infiltrative histology. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model to calculate pooled Odds Ratios and Standardized Mean Differences, with rigorous sensitivity analyses to account for heterogeneity. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a profound association between stromal activation and adverse outcomes. Alpha-SMA upregulation was the most robust predictor, with a pooled Odds Ratio of 6.82 (95% CI: 3.14–14.81; p < 0.0001). Loss of membranous E-cadherin also significantly predicted recurrence (Odds Ratio = 4.15; 95% CI: 1.89–9.10; p = 0.0004), although with higher heterogeneity, reflecting the focal nature of partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition at the invasive front. The combined phenotype of high alpha-SMA and low E-Cadherin represented the highest risk profile. Conclusion: The epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype serves as a high-fidelity predictor of basal cell carcinoma recurrence. Stromal alpha-SMA marks a permissive soil for invasion and should be considered for integration into pathological reporting for ambiguous or high-risk tumors to guide surgical margin management.

The Steel-Blue Peppering and Systemic Eosinophilia: Dermoscopic-Histopathological Correspondence of the Tyndall Effect in Generalized Fixed Drug Eruption William Yudistha Anggawirya; Shienty Gaspersz; Ferra Olivia Mawu; Thigita Aga Pandaleke; Anggi Anastasia Ursula Dien
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1538

Background: Generalized fixed drug eruption (GFDE) represents a severe and distinctive variant of delayed-type hypersensitivity, characterized by widespread, recurrent pigmentary lesions involving at least three anatomical sites. Its clinical presentation often mimics extensive lichenoid dermatoses or infectious conditions such as Hansen’s disease, leading to significant diagnostic delays, particularly in geriatric populations with polypharmacy. While dermoscopy offers a non-invasive bridge to histopathology, specific correlative studies in generalized cases remain scarce. Case presentation: We report the case of a 69-year-old male presenting with diffuse, well-demarcated, violaceous plaques affecting the face, trunk, extremities, and genitalia. The eruption demonstrated a pathognomonic acute latency, recurring at identical anatomical sites within six hours of re-exposure to an unprescribed analgesic cocktail. High-definition non-contact polarized dermoscopy identified two distinct morphological patterns: a brown starburst pattern with central clearing on the extremities and diffuse steel-blue peppering on femoral lesions. Notably, the patient exhibited a mixed immunophenotype characterized by marked eosinophilia (2,080 cells per microliter) and elevated total immunoglobulin E (2,295 IU per milliliter). Parasitic infection was rigorously excluded via negative stool examination and serology, and a Naranjo probability score of 10 confirmed a definite adverse drug reaction. Histopathological examination confirmed interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes and marked pigment incontinence. Conclusion: This study illustrates that steel-blue peppering is a reliable dermoscopic surrogate for deep dermal pigment incontinence via the Tyndall effect. The discrepancy between high systemic eosinophilia and low tissue eosinophilia suggests a complex, potentially mixed-hypersensitivity phenotype in generalized cases, distinct from classic localized fixed drug eruption.

Pediatric Steroid High-Responder: Irreversible Visual Loss and Secondary Glaucoma Following Chronic Cutaneous-Ocular Dexamethasone Misuse I Ketut Anom Widyantara Eka Dana Weka Mona; Ni Made Ayu Surasmiati; I Gusti Ayu Ratna Suryaningrum
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1539

Background: Chronic misuse of potent topical corticosteroids can lead to irreversible visual loss, particularly in the pediatric population which exhibits a more aggressive trabecular meshwork remodeling response than adults. This case aims to delineate the silent progression of steroid-induced ocular hypertension in the absence of red-eye symptoms and emphasizes the critical pharmacokinetic risks of cutaneous-ocular absorption in children. Case presentation: We report a catastrophic case of a 7-year-old male presenting with irreversible vision loss following six years of unsupervised, intermittent use of a combined Neomycin-Polymyxin B-Dexamethasone ointment for recurrent hordeolum. The cumulative exposure exceeded 125 mg of Dexamethasone. Examination revealed bilateral dense posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) and advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy in left eye. Following sequential phacoaspiration, the left eye showed persistently elevated IOP (IOP elevated up to 59 mmHg) attributed to decompensated outflow facility. Management required Trabeculectomy with intraoperative 5-Fluorouracil (5 mg/0.1 mL). The high- responder phenotype in children involves rapid formation of Cross-Linked Actin Networks (CLANs) and MYOC gene upregulation. We discuss the double-hit mechanism where cataract extraction washes out hyposecretory factors, unmasking total trabecular blockage. The choice of 5-Fluorouracil over Mitomycin C is defended based on the safety profile regarding hypotony maculopathy in pediatric myopic eyes. Conclusion: Dexamethasone carries a high risk of transcutaneous-ocular absorption in pediatric eye and eyelids. Regulatory reform reclassifying antibiotic-steroid combinations as non-repeatable prescriptions is imperative to prevent such preventable blindness.

Outcomes of Surgical Resection versus Medical Management in Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Cohorts Avino Mulana Fikri; Fauzar; Roza Kurniati
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1540

Background: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a progressive and debilitating fungal infection that complicates structural lung diseases, particularly in patients with a history of treated tuberculosis. The therapeutic strategy remains a subject of intense debate, polarized between surgical resection, which offers a potential definitive cure but carries significant operative risks, and long-term azole therapy, which is suppressive but prone to drug resistance and high relapse rates. This study aimed to systematically evaluate survival outcomes and recurrence risks between these two modalities, specifically addressing the clinical heterogeneity between simple aspergilloma (SA) and chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA). Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of six pivotal retrospective cohort studies published between 2013 and 2022, representing the modern era of thoracic surgery. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched for comparative studies reporting overall survival (OS) and recurrence rates. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to account for clinical heterogeneity. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), with specific adjustments for allocation bias and confounding factors. Results: The meta-analysis integrated data from 268 patients. Surgical resection was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality compared to medical therapy (Pooled Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.12; 95% CI 0.04–0.35). In stratified analysis, recurrence rates were 2.7% for simple aspergilloma versus 10.3% for CCPA in surgical arms, contrasting sharply with relapse rates of 36–50% in medical arms upon drug cessation. An analysis of adjuvant antifungal therapy in a subset of patients showed no statistical benefit in completely resected simple aspergilloma. Postoperative complications occurred in 24.5% of surgical cases, primarily consisting of prolonged air leaks. Conclusion: Surgical resection offers superior recurrence-free survival in selected candidates with localized disease compared to medical therapy. While effectively curative for simple aspergilloma, surgery in CCPA acts as a cytoreductive measure with a persisting recurrence risk, necessitating a multimodal approach. Medical therapy remains the mainstay for patients with bilateral disease or poor pulmonary reserve, but requires indefinite duration to prevent relapse.

Functional Restoration of the Superior Auriculocephalic Sulcus in Cryptotia: A Case Report Validating the Twin Compression Theory via an Extended Sub-Galeal Advancement Flap Stevani Irwan; Al Hafiz
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1541

Background: Cryptotia, characterized by the invagination of the superior helix beneath the temporal skin, presents significant functional challenges regarding the retention of eyewear and protective masks. While prevalent in East Asian populations, data from the Indonesian archipelago is scarce. This study aims to document the functional and aesthetic outcomes of a modified surgical technique in a monozygotic twin, addressing the twin compression etiological hypothesis. Case presentation: A 7-year-old male monozygotic twin presented with Type I Cryptotia of the right ear, with a superior helix-to-mastoid distance of 0 mm. The co-twin exhibited normal auricular morphology. The patient underwent a partial otoplasty combined with a modified posterior auricular advancement flap. The specific modification involved extended sub-galeal undermining to recruit maximum tissue elasticity. Cartilage reshaping was performed using non-absorbable horizontal mattress sutures. Postoperative evaluation at 3 months revealed a superior helix-mastoid distance increase to 12 mm and an auriculocephalic angle restoration to 30 degrees. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures via a validated Visual Analog Scale showed an improvement from 2 to 9 out of 10. No immediate recurrence or hypertrophic scarring was observed. Conclusion: The extended sub-galeal advancement flap offers a promising solution for sulcus restoration, prioritizing vascularity and tissue recruitment over skin grafting. This case supports the intrauterine mechanical compression theory as a viable etiology for sporadic cryptotia. Short-term results are robust, though long-term surveillance is required to monitor cartilage memory.

Intracrine Dynamics of Luminal Breast Cancer: Correlating Intratumoral Estradiol with Estrogen Receptor Alpha Overexpression in an Advanced-Stage Cohort Erdiansyah Reza Lesmana; Widyanti Soewoto; Brian Wasita
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1542

Background: In postmenopausal breast cancer, systemic serum estradiol levels often fail to reflect the biologically active concentrations within the tumor microenvironment, a phenomenon known as intracrineology. While the roles of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are well-characterized, the specific relationship between local ligand concentration and receptor expression in advanced-stage malignancies remains under-investigated. This study investigates the correlation between intratumoral estradiol (E2) concentration and the expression of ER isoforms in Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 tissue samples (38 Luminal A, 18 Luminal B) from patients at Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital, Indonesia. Pre-analytical variables were strictly controlled, ensuring cold ischemia time was less than one hour. Expressions of E2, ERα, and ERβ were quantified using immunohistochemistry and assessed via H-Scores. Due to non-normal data distribution, associations were analyzed using Spearman’s Rho and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with a Gamma distribution and log-link function, coupled with bootstrapping to generate robust confidence intervals. Results: The cohort was characterized by advanced disease, with 85.7% of patients presenting with Stage III or IV breast cancer. Luminal A tumors exhibited significantly higher mean intratumoral E2 (91.58 versus 56.67; p = 0.038) and ERα expression (122.23 versus 109.72; p = 0.045) compared to Luminal B. A significant positive correlation was observed between tissue E2 and ERα (Rho = 0.347; p = 0.009). GLM analysis confirmed E2 as a significant predictor of ERα expression (p = 0.015), independent of age and stage. No significant correlation was found between E2 and ERβ (p = 0.113). Conclusion: Intratumoral estradiol is a significant positive correlate of ERα expression in luminal breast cancer, supporting the existence of a ligand-driven autocrine maintenance loop even in advanced stages. The lack of correlation with ERβ suggests divergent regulatory mechanisms. These findings reinforce the rationale for therapies targeting local aromatase activity.

Maternal Hyperthyroidism and Delayed Diagnosis of Bilateral Choanal Atresia in a 4-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report on Stentless Endoscopic Reconstruction Meilia Ghinasari; Bestari Jaka Budiman; Dolly Irfandy
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i3.1543

Background: Bilateral choanal atresia (BCA) is a life-threatening congenital anomaly typically presenting as a neonatal respiratory emergency. Survival beyond the neonatal period without surgical intervention is exceptionally rare. While the etiology is multifactorial, emerging evidence implicates maternal thyroid dysregulation in craniofacial malformations. This study reports a rare case of BCA diagnosed in a 4-month-old infant and evaluates the efficacy of stentless endoscopic repair using laterally-based mucoperiosteal flaps. Case presentation: A 4-month-old female infant presented with failure to thrive (weight 5.2 kg, less than the 3rd percentile) and cyclical respiratory distress. Perinatal history revealed the mother had Graves' disease and discontinued methimazole at 6 weeks gestation. Retrospective analysis of maternal serum indicated uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis during the critical organogenesis window (TSH less than 0.01 mIU/L; fT4 2.8 ng/dL at 7 weeks). Diagnostic imaging confirmed mixed bony-membranous atresia. The patient underwent transnasal endoscopic choanoplasty using a laterally-based mucosal preservation technique. A 10-Fr silicone feeding tube was placed transnasally but did not function as a structural stent. Conclusion: The intervention resulted in immediate airway patency. Quantitative outcomes showed an increase in oxygen saturation from 96% to 99% on room air and significant weight gain from 5.2 kg to 6.7 kg over two months. Follow-up at six months showed no restenosis. This case suggests a potential dual-hit teratogenic mechanism involving early methimazole exposure and subsequent uncontrolled maternal hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, it supports the efficacy of stentless repair in minimizing granulation tissue formation.

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Contact Name Rachmat Hidayat

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Journal Mail Official editor.bioscmed@gmail.com

Editorial Address Jl. Sirna Raga no 99, 8 Ilir, Ilir Timur 3, Palembang

Location Kota palembang, Sumatera selatan INDONESIA

Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Rachmat Hidayat

Contact Email
dr.rachmat.hidayat@gmail.com

Phone
+6281949581088

Journal Mail Official
editor.bioscmed@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Jl. Sirna Raga no 99, 8 Ilir, Ilir Timur 3, Palembang

Location
Kota palembang,

Sumatera selatan

INDONESIA