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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published by MO.RI Publishing
ISSN : 27981134     EISSN : 27973549     DOI : https//doi.org/10.5262/injoes
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences is an open-access journal that publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research dedicated to our planet.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (Lain-Lain)
Articles 81 Documents
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Spatial Analysis of Land Use and Land Utilization Based on Suitability Spatial Planning on Food Estate Planning Site in Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan Budianto, Budianto; Susiloningtyas, Dewi; Dimyati, Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.834

Abstract

The limited space on land increases the importance of spatial planning that is transparent, accountable, and effective, which involves multi-stakeholders in its conception. Such planning is intended to create a spatial arrangement that supports security, productivity, and sustainability. In an attempt to secure food supply in the future, the government of Indonesia initiated a Food Estate program in 2020. This study analyzes land use and land utilization in regions planned for a food estate project in Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan, and evaluates their suitability with the designated spatial planning. The method used land surveying and spatial analysis to answer the research objective. The result explained that 85,492.58 Ha (49.20%) of land use is suitable for spatial planning. The area of 88,786.43 Ha (51.09%) of land utilization is suitable for its spatial planning. The survey was carried out at the early stage of spatial planning implementation throughout spatial development is ongoing. Development results that are in accordance with the spatial planning have not yet been seen, this happens because the determination of the spatial planning and the spatial suitability analysis are too close together. The food estate program has not been included in the Kapuas Regency spatial planning. The results of the research concluded that there was a large mismatch gap, it was necessary to revise the spatial planning by including the food estate program in the regional spatial planning.
Spatio-temporal Analysis of An Invasive Alien Species, Vachellia nilotica, on Rodrigues Island, Mauritius, Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Techniques Sunkur, Reshma; Mauremootoo, John
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.835

Abstract

Invasive alien species (IAS) constitute a large and growing environmental and socio-economic problem. Tropical islands, one of the richest habitats in the world, are especially vulnerable to invasions because of their island-specific flora and fauna. The aim of this study is thus to assess the viability of monitoring IAS distributions on small tropical islands using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques, focusing on the invasive plant species Vachellia nilotica on the island of Rodrigues as a case study. Freely available satellite images are used to conduct the analysis with resulting classified maps having accuracy levels in the high 70s. The results reveal a significant increase in Vachellia coverage from 2013 to 2023 especially along the coasts while the simulation for 2033 indicates an inward migration from coasts to the central plateau which could have severe repercussions on the native vegetation and human activities. Given the high invasive potential of Vachellia, the present findings can support conservation actions and decision making and even support community participation in managing this IAS. In the broader context, the study demonstrates the potential of GIS and remote sensing as cost-effective tools for monitoring certain invasive plant species.
Geochemical Characteristic of the Carbonaceous Sediments of the Upper Paleozoic Kuantan Group, Malaysia Burgan, Amer
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.836

Abstract

The geochemical parameters discussed in this paper are based on the analysis of twelve outcrop carbonaceous samples, mainly black shales, using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) techniques. These samples are representative of the Charu, Sagor, and Permian formations. The aim of this study is to define and discuss their characteristics, the distribution abundance of major and minor elements, investigate the dominant mineralogical composition, and reconstruct the depositional environment for these sediments. The bulk chemical results showed that the average values of the major elements are 65.83%, 64.82%, and 71.4% SiO?; 18.27%, 22.2%, and 15.66% Al?O?; 1.53%, 0.99%, and 2.49% Fe?O?; and 4.06%, 6.25%, and 3.66% K?O for the Charu, Sagor, and Permian formations, respectively. The minor elements recorded values of 524.4 ppm, 758.8 ppm, and 446.3 ppm Ba; 366 ppm, 399.3 ppm, and 257.3 ppm Rb; 88 ppm, 67.3 ppm, and 47.3 ppm Sr; and 308 ppm, 288.8 ppm, and 327 ppm Zr for the Charu, Sagor, and Permian formations, respectively. The major oxides reflect the dominant mineralogical composition of quartz and other silicate minerals (e.g., illite, kaolinite, smectite) and a deficiency in carbonates. The high Rb/K ratio suggests a brackish marine environment or rapid deposition that prevented equilibrium between Rb and K in these shales. The high Rb/Sr ratios of 4.16, 5.89, and 5.44 for the Charu, Sagor, and Permian formations, respectively, are possibly attributed to the low Sr content due to reducing conditions prevailing during the deposition of these sediments.
Assessment of the Perennial Floods Affecting Residential Areas Along River Tille, Katsina Metropolitan, Katsina State, Nigeria Ladan, Suleiman Iguda; Rilwanu, Tasi’u Yalwa
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.843

Abstract

Flooding constitutes a significant environmental challenge across Nigeria, recurring annually and notably affecting residential zones situated adjacent to streams, rivers, and Fadama areas. This study evaluates the perennial floods impacting residential locales along River Tille in Katsina Metropolitan, Katsina State, Nigeria. The research methodology encompassed field visits to the river-adjacent residential areas over a three-year span (2020-2022) and the dissemination of semi-structured questionnaires to ten respondents from six residential areas along the river. Findings indicate that the floods, attributed to factors such as heavy rainfall, proximal housing construction, the infilling of Maliyau pond, and inappropriate waste disposal, recur yearly. These floods have led to the loss of lives, property damage, and structural collapses. While local community initiatives have sought to mitigate these impacts, success has been limited. In response, the State Government, in collaboration with the World Bank in August 2020, initiated a flood control project, which commenced in September 2020 and concluded in 2021. Observations in 2022 revealed substantial flood management improvements, although certain project aspects remain unaddressed by the contractors. Further actions are recommended to ensure the project's full efficacy in managing the perennial floods and minimizing adverse effects on the community. This research is significant, offering detailed insights into the persistent flood issues in metropolitan river areas and assessing a government-executed flood control initiative.
Evaluating Industrial Areas with Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA) Noer, Marwah; Wibowo, Adi
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.845

Abstract

The assessment of industrial areas stands as a pivotal challenge, increasingly recognized for its urgency across various regions. The industrial sector is a cornerstone of national economic development, contributing significantly to growth and enhancing community welfare. Nonetheless, the establishment of industries also poses environmental and societal risks, primarily due to potential pollution. This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of industrial zones in East Cikarang District, Bekasi Regency, through spatial analysis, benchmarking findings against government-regulated industrial areas as outlined in the Bekasi Regency spatial plan for 2011-2031. Employing Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA) via ILWIS software, this research aims to deliver a comprehensive assessment of industrial locations by considering variables such as proximity to roads, rivers, settlements, land slope, and alignment with designated industrial zones in the regional spatial plan. The analysis reveals a nuanced classification of industrial suitability, with 48.55% of the area deemed highly suitable, indicating a substantial portion of East Cikarang District is favorable for industrial development. Conversely, a smaller segment falls into the less suitable or unsuitable categories. Overall, the study concludes that 55% of the region qualifies as suitable for industrial purposes based on the SMCA-derived spatial model, with 98.1% of the assessed area aligning with the criteria for designated industrial zones. These insights are intended to guide industrial planning and environmental management strategies, fostering sustainable development within the region.
Geophysical Subsurface Mapping Using the Electrical Resistivity Technique: A Comprehensive Study of the Petroleum Training Institute Main Campus in Effurun Ojo, Odunayo Tope; Chiaka, Ike Joy; Mark, Ameh Igoche
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.846

Abstract

The electrical resistivity method was used to conduct a detailed examination of subsurface geology and hydrogeological parameters at the Petroleum Training Institute (PTI) Main Campus in Effurun, Nigeria. The research includes field data collecting, sounding curve interpretation, and dipole-dipole data processing. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to gain a complete understanding of the hydrogeophysical features of the research area. The analysis revealed A and AK formations, which include four, five, and six-layer structures, highlighting the subsurface's intricacy. A frequency table was utilised to categorise the distribution of VES curves within the study area into three major groups. This classification was critical for characterising and comprehending the area's hydrogeological and geological complexity. Geo-electric sections were created to illustrate the different underlying layers, such as topsoil, clayey sand, sand, sandstone, and fracture. The study analyzed geoelectric properties and aquifer zones using resistivity isopach maps in 2D and 3D formats. The northeastern part of the study area had higher resistivity values, indicating geological variables affecting rock composition and groundwater supply. The findings are crucial for effective groundwater resource management, environmental assessments, and regional development planning. The geological model, combining data from dipole-dipole, geo-electric, and VES sections, accurately characterized subsurfaces in the PTI Campus area. The study identified six subsurface layers, providing baseline data for future infrastructure development. Recommendations include using advanced geophysical methods and a more detailed assessment of subsurface geology in the Warri region. This study adds to our understanding of the hydrogeological and geological aspects of the PTI Campus area, allowing us to make more informed judgements concerning environmental and infrastructure design. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of subsurface geology and hydrogeological parameters at PTI Main Campus, contributing valuable insights for groundwater management, environmental assessments, and regional development planning.
Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Flood Prevention in the Republic of Benin Attogouinon, André; Lawin, Agnidé Emmanuel; Akpovi, Basile; Deliège, Jean-François
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.929

Abstract

In this research, hourly rainfall recorded at 4 synoptic stations in the Republic of Benin over the period from 2006 to 2019 was used to produce intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves.  The aim is to determine daily rainfall heights of rare frequency and to establish intensity-duration curves for various recurrence periods. To achieve this, a frequency analysis of rainfall data was carried out using the Gumbel law more commonly used in the sub-region. IDF curves were constructed on the basis of extreme rainfall events in short observation series. R software was used to process the data. The results show a drop in the maximum annual intensity of short-duration rainfall at all stations. The lack of data sets for extreme rainfall values for short durations and sufficiently long reference periods underlines the importance of this study. It should be noted, however, that these results are not sufficient to establish a relationship between the gradual variations observed and the phenomenon of climate change.
Heavy Metal Pollution Status in The Main Surface Waters of The N'djili River Basin in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Review with Application and Evaluation of Pollution Indices Evaluation Nzomba, Daniel Nzomba wa
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.965

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess heavy metal pollution in the surface waters of the N'djili river watershed, as well as to determine the main sources of this pollution and their impact on water quality. Five sampling sites were selected in the watershed, representing a variety of urban and industrial influences. In these samples, trace metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The respective mean concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the surface waters of the N'djili basin are 0.066 mg/L, 0.006 mg/L and 0.310 mg/L. The mean value of the degree of contamination (Dc) in the surface waters of the N'djili basin is greater than 3, indicating heavy contamination of these waters (Lukaya river, Matete river, N'djili river, Ntshuenge river, Ngwele river). The average values of for the trace metal pollution index (HPI) are below the threshold value of 100, so overall, these waters are not very polluted. Nevertheless, particularly high concentrations were observed in the waters of the Matete River, with values exceeding 100, indicating severe localized pollution. Correlation analysis between trace metals and HPI indicates that lead and cadmium are the main contributors to surface water toxicity in the N'djili basin. These results highlight the urgent need to develop targeted strategies to reduce pollution in order to preserve public health and aquatic ecosystems.
Subsurface Corrosivity Assessment Using Subsoil Resistivity in a Typical Basement Terrain: A Case Study of the Adebowale Area in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria Adeyemo, Igbagbo Adedotun; Korode, Fuad Olamilekan; Olaniyan, Opeyemi Abiodun; Faleye, Oluseye Emmanuel
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.998

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate and map the subsurface corrosivity of soils at various depths (0.5 - 3.0 m) within the Adebowale community in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria, and to identify safe zones for the burial of metallic objects based on soil resistivity measurements. Sixty vertical electrical sounding (VES) data points were acquired using the Schlumberger electrode array with half-current (AB/2) spacing ranging from 1 - 150/225 m. The VES survey delineated 3 - 5 subsurface layers across the study area, corresponding to topsoil, weathered layer, partially weathered basement, fractured basement, and fresh basement. Maps of longitudinal conductance, longitudinal resistivity, and iso-resistivity depth slices (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 3.0 m) were generated. The corrosivity of the subsoil in the study area was categorized into five types: very high corrosivity (< 50 ?m), high corrosivity (50 - 100 ?m), moderate corrosivity (100 - 150 ?m), low corrosivity (150 - 200 ?m), and negligible corrosivity (> 200 ?m). At 1.0 m and 3.0 m depth surfaces, the areas of negligible to low corrosivity are about 70% and 85%, respectively, suggesting that corrosivity decreases with depth within the shallow subsurface of the study area. The longitudinal conductance and longitudinal resistivity maps of Adebowale indicated that the areas of negligible to low corrosivity are about 85% and 75%, respectively, corroborating the depth slice resistivity maps. In these areas, buried metallic utilities are safe; conversely, any metallic utilities buried within the moderate to very high corrosivity zones of the study area must be adequately protected to avoid corrosion.
Density Well Log Prediction in X Field Niger Delta using Ensemble Learning Models and Artificial Neural Network Mulekya, Patient K.; Boboye, Olugbenga A.; Adabanija, Moruffdeen A.; Numbi, Kasongo Numbi; Baba, Tomisin B.
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2024.1021

Abstract

Performing reservoir characterization in exploration with limited data can be very is challenging. Various approaches are used to estimate values away from the well location. In this study, the density log, which is important for porosity analysis, was missed in one of the five available well log datasets. To solve this problem, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to synthesise a density log (RHOB) from available and measured Gamma Ray (GR) log, Sonic (DT), water saturation (SW), and related Depth of 3 wells in the field. The performance of the prediction was evaluated using the fourth well. Five models were constructed with different optimizers from machine learning with a neural network made of an input layer with 5 neurons, a hidden dense layer with 32 neurons and an output dense layer with 1 neuron. The models were constructed based on Nesterov-accelerated Adaptive Moment Estimation (NADAM), Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSP) optimizers, and an Ensemble model which combined the four optimizers. The test on actual data showed very low mean absolute errors of 0.0262, 0.0278, 0.0270, 0.0309, and 0.0248 and high coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.8832, 0.8746, 0.8986, 0.8858, and 0.9051 between the predicted and the actual data obtained for NADAM, ADAM, SGD, RMSP, and the Ensemble model, respectively, after 25 epochs. These indicated high performance of the Ensemble Learning model, suggesting that the constructed model can be used to predict the well that lacks RHOB.

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