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Automotive Experiences
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
ISSN : 26156202     EISSN : 26156636     DOI : 10.31603/ae
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Automotive experiences invite researchers to contribute ideas on the main scope of Emerging automotive technology and environmental issues; Efficiency (fuel, thermal and mechanical); Vehicle safety and driving comfort; Automotive industry and supporting materials; Vehicle maintenance and technical skills; and Transportation policies, systems, and road users behavior.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Otomotif
Articles 228 Documents
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Synthesis of Waste Cooking Oil Based Bioadditive Through Transesterification and Its Feasibility as Lubricity Enhancer Bioadditives for Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel: Preliminary Investigation Zetra, Yulfi; Rizka, Rizka Berliana; Firdhausya, Talitha Fitra; Firdausa, Yunita Alfiyati; Burhan, R. Y. Perry
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14461

Abstract

Desulfurization of diesel fuel, which is considered to reduce pollution, causes a decrease in its lubrication power. As a result, the friction between surfaces of the engine increases, and it wears out easily. Therefore, it is necessary to increase diesel fuel lubricity through the addition of additives. Waste cooking oil modified to 2-hydroxypropyl esters has a prospect to be a lubricity-enhancing bioadditive. Polar and non-polar groups contain in 2-hydroxypropyl ester can form a bilayer on the surface of the engine that prevents friction between metal components. Synthesis of 2-hydroxypropyl esters was carried out by transesterification at 150°C for 10 hours. The mole ratio of oil to propylene glycol was adjusted to 1:7 with the loading of CaO 7% w/w oil as catalyst. The yield of the product is 88.89%. The product was identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that 2-hydroxypropyl palmitate and 2-hydroxypropyl oleate have dominant relative abundance with percentages of 42.46% and 57.44%, respectively. According to the molecular review as preliminary investigation, this compound has the potential to deliver better lubricity than ester-only biolubricants. Therefore, 2-hydroxypropyl ester can be proposed as an alternative bioadditive for low-sulfur diesel fuel lubricity enhancer.
Smart and Sustainable Mobility: A Systematic Review of Industry 4.0 Applications in Automotive Sustainability, Alternative Fuels, and EV Charging Systems Wagino, Wagino; Capilayan, Mycel A.; Setiyo, Muji; Tymofiiv, Volodymyr; Putra, Dwi Sudarno; Yuvenda, Dori; Koto, Rahmat Desman
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13431

Abstract

This systematic review analyzes the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainable manufacturing and clean energy technology within the automotive industry, focusing on electric vehicle infrastructure development and renewable energy implementation. Through a comprehensive analysis of 25 selected articles from 200 articles (10 sustainability articles, 12 alternative fuels, and 3 electric vehicle charging stations articles) published between 2018 and 2024, this study employs PRISMA methodology combined with bibliometric content and scientometric analysis. The review reveals significant temporal evolution in research focus, progressing from basic energy efficiency studies (2018-2020) to enhanced Industry 4.0 technology integration (2020-2022), culminating in strong convergence between renewable energy implementation, smart infrastructure development, and circular economy principles (2022-2024). Key findings highlight the critical role of AI, IoT, and blockchain in enabling sustainable manufacturing processes and smart grid integration for EV infrastructure. Integrating hybrid energy storage systems with clean energy technologies is crucial for addressing energy transition challenges and reducing fossil-fuel dependence. The study identifies research gaps in comprehensive methodological approaches integrating technical innovation, sustainable manufacturing, and climate action considerations, particularly in developing regions. Future research opportunities include machine learning applications for dynamic energy system optimization and innovative business models supporting sustainable technology implementation across various socio-economic contexts. This review contributes to understanding technology integration patterns in sustainable transportation systems. It provides strategic recommendations for researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers in advancing low-carbon mobility solutions and resilient infrastructure development.
Synthesis of Leaf-spring Suspension Parameters for High-comfort Vehicles Maksimov, Roman O.; Chetverikov, Mikhail V.; Rubanov, Pavel S.; Mavlonov, Mirzoodil H.; Zhileykin, Mikhail M.; Keller, Andrey V.; Shadrin, Sergey S.; Makarova, Daria A.; Furletov, Yury M.
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14029

Abstract

This paper develops the new leaf-spring suspension parameters synthesis methods based on the use of modern mathematical and computer modeling tools to provide vehicle high in-motion comfort. The research aims to develop the new loading characteristics and design parameters synthesis methodology for the vehicle suspension system components, exactly for the elastic element (leaf-spring), the damping element (hydraulic shock absorber) and the transverse stabilizer bar. The authors demonstrate approaches to the use of vehicle dynamics simulation modeling, topological and parametric optimization, and finite element method and explain their role in the new developed vehicle leaf-spring suspension system parameters synthesis methodology. As main results, the authors propose a formation method for a primary suspension system elastic element non-linear loading characteristic to provide for the in-motion vehicle comfort. They develop a synthesis technique for the variable profile longitudinal section geometry of a leaf-spring and its other design parameters to generate the loading characteristic close to the one required for high motion comfort. They also proposed a loading characteristics synthesis for the damping element of the primary suspension with a leaf-spring-type elastic element and selection the most suitable one for a specific vehicle method. The authors also propose a stiffness calculation procedure for a randomly shaped transverse stabilizer bar when selecting its design parameters. As a contribution, based on the comparative virtual tests results of the motion comfort indicators of a vehicle with the loading characteristics generated using the developed methodology for the primary leaf-spring suspension and the initial basic configuration of the classic leaf-spring suspension, it was recorded that the vehicle motion comfort improved by 10-25% when the developed synthesis methodology was used.
Visual Inspection Improvement of Engine Components Using Deep Learning with Pre-processed Dataset Augmentation: Case Study Salim, Steven; Wiratama, Sandy; Sarifudin, Alfan; Yuliatin, Eka Prita
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14207

Abstract

Lighting instability, sharp shadows, and visual disturbances caused by mechanical vibrations are significant challenges in the application of computer vision-based visual inspection systems in automotive industrial environments. This study aims to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the YOLOv8 object detection model for detecting machine component completeness by applying an adaptive pre-processing strategy. The techniques employed include grayscale conversion, brightness adjustment, and blurring to simulate common visual conditions encountered in real-world production processes. The model was trained using 1,281 instances from 52 component classes and evaluated based on the metrics of precision, recall, mAP@50, and mAP@50–95. The results show an average precision of 0.971, a recall of 0.990, and mAP@50 of 0.991, with spatial variation reflected in the standard deviation of mAP@50–95 of 0.149. The pre-processing technique improves the detection precision of shape-based components by up to 19% and colour-based components by up to 31%. Testing on ten appearance variations showed 100% detection accuracy with no misclassification, indicating the model’s generalizability to data in the training distribution. These findings confirm that visual modification of training data significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of the YOLOv8-based automated inspection system. Further implications include reduced human intervention, accelerated production flow, and optimization of operational energy consumption through faster and more accurate detection. Therefore, this system contributes to energy-efficient and sustainable innovative manufacturing practices.
Development of Battery Pack for Electric Motorcycle Complying with Safety Standard and Indonesia Regulation Widyantara, Robby Dwianto; Wicaksono, Dito Ata'ul Momin; Priyatama, Syafiq Ade; Nugroho, Andika Pandu; Wiradibrata, Raihan; Agustin, Anggi Regiana; Tianqi, Lei; Wibowo, Agung; Nurprasetio, Ignatius Pulung; Budiman, Bentang Arief
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13442

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive design methodology and mechanical evaluation of an electric motorcycle battery pack that fulfils both international safety standards and Indonesian regulations. As the country with the world’s largest motorcycle fleet, Indonesia faces significant challenges in transitioning to electric mobility—particularly in preventing battery malfunctions and mitigating accident risks. The design process begins by defining minimum technical requirements, ensuring regulatory compliance, and addressing geometric constraints, then moves on to develop component architectures in accordance with industry best practices. Detailed models of the pack and its subassemblies are subjected to finite element analysis to verify structural integrity under demanding operational conditions. Key performance targets include an IP68 ingress protection rating, sufficient rigidity to withstand vibrational loads, and impact resistance for accident scenarios. Simulation results confirm that the final design maintains mechanical robustness across a variety of load cases. Building on these findings, the paper offers specific recommendations to further enhance pack performance and safety. The described methodology is fully reproducible and provides practical insights for efficient product development, even when resources are limited.
Comparative Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Coco Peat and Coconut Shell Charcoal Fillers for Automotive Brake Friction Applications Imran, Al Ichlas; Endriatno, Nanang; Siregar, Januar Parlaungan; Rejab, Mohd Ruzaimi Mat; Wibowo, Sambodo Arif; Cionita, Tezara; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14131

Abstract

Developing epoxy-based composites reinforced with natural materials has become a significant concern in supporting friction materials and sustainable automotive industries. Coco peat and coco shell charcoal are coconut wastes that have the potential as natural fillers to support the mechanical properties of friction material composites while supporting the reduction of biomass waste. This study aims to evaluate the effect of weight fraction variation of coco peat and coco shell charcoal on composite mechanical and thermal properties. Specimens were prepared using the hand lay-up method with 5%, 10%, and 15% filler weight fractions. Mechanical tests were conducted, including tensile test, bending test, Rockwell hardness, and Charpy impact. Results show that the addition of 5% coco peat increased the tensile strength to 28.36 MPa and impact strength to 123.33 J/m², while coco shell charcoal at 10% recorded the highest flexural strength of 36.10 MPa and hardness of 93.66 HRB. However, increasing the filler concentration caused a decrease in tensile and impact strength due to the formation of voids, agglomeration, and micro-cracks. These findings confirm that coco peat is effective for tensile and impact strengthening at low fractions. In contrast, coco shell charcoal improves flexural strength and produces higher hardness values than the commercial brake pad product (59.59-66.90 HRB). Furthermore, the composite with 5% coco shell charcoal showed good thermal stability with a final residue value of 3.83%. Further studies can focus on surface modification of fillers, hybrid composites, and evaluation of tribological properties and the environment to promote applications in the automotive industry sector.
A Comparative Study of Winding Angle Configurations for Improved Crashworthiness in Hybrid Al/CFRP Crash Boxes Akbar, Musthafa; Dewi, Dyah Kusuma
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14280

Abstract

This study investigates the crashworthiness performance of circular hybrid aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced polymer (Al/CFRP) crash boxes under dynamic axial impact, with particular focus on the influence of winding angle configurations. An explicit finite element model, validated against both experimental and numerical results from the literature, was developed using finite element software. The parametric analysis systematically varied CFRP winding angles from [±15°]₅ to [±85°]₅ in 10° increments and compared the outcomes with single and double cell aluminum crash boxes. Key crashworthiness indicators, including peak crushing force (PCF), mean crushing force (MCF), crushing force efficiency (CFE), stroke efficiency, and folding stability, were evaluated. The results reveal that hybridization significantly enhances load bearing capacity compared to conventional aluminum designs. Intermediate winding angles from 35 to 55 degrees yielded the best balance between PCF reduction, MCF enhancement, and stable progressive folding, with the [±45°]₅ configuration achieving the highest MCF and CFE, while [±35°]₅ minimized PCF. In contrast, winding angles greater than or equal to [±65°]₅ generated excessively high PCF, compromising occupant safety. The findings provide actionable insights for the design of hybrid crash boxes, demonstrating that optimized fiber orientation can advance crashworthiness beyond current aluminum or narrow angle hybrid configurations.
Two Decades of Biodiesel Research from Waste Cooking Oil: A Bibliometric and Literature Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts Suherman, Suherman; Muharnif, Muharnif; Abdullah, Ilmi; Silitonga, Arridina Susan; Yusfiani, Marnida; Hamzah, Wan Azmi Wan
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14776

Abstract

Waste cooking oil (WCO) represents an abundant yet underutilised feedstock for biodiesel production, constrained primarily by challenges related to catalyst performance and recyclability. Conventional homogeneous catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), often suffer from deactivation after several reuse cycles due to leaching and sensitivity to impurities. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts, including calcium oxide (CaO) and biomass-derived materials, offer promising, reusable, and environmentally benign alternatives for WCO-based biodiesel synthesis. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and literature review examining global research trends in biodiesel production from WCO using heterogeneous catalysts. As environmental concerns and fossil fuel depletion intensify, biodiesel has gained increasing attention as a sustainable and renewable energy substitute. A total of 974 publications indexed in the Scopus database between 2006 and June 2024 were systematically analysed to identify key research trends, influential authors, geographical distribution, and thematic clusters. Data retrieved from the Scopus database were exported in RIS format and subsequently processed using VOSviewer for bibliometric visualisation. Keyword analysis revealed dominant clusters around “WCO biodiesel” and “heterogeneous catalysts”, encompassing research topics such as transesterification, oxidation stability, performance optimisation, and corrosion behaviour. The bibliometric mapping highlights strong interconnections among research themes, particularly those associated with catalysts, transesterification mechanisms, engine performance, and emission reduction. The literature review further evaluates various types of heterogeneous catalysts including CaO, biochar, and metal- and biomass-based catalysts focusing on their synthesis routes, physicochemical properties, and optimal operating conditions. Research productivity on WCO biodiesel peaked during 2020–2021 but declined after 2022, suggesting research saturation or shifting interest toward emerging renewable technologies. Co-country analysis identified India and Malaysia as leading contributors, while Tabatabaei et al. and Bae et al. were the most prolific authors. This study offers a holistic overview of research progress and future directions, providing valuable insights for advancing cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable biodiesel production technologies.

Page 23 of 23 | Total Record : 228

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