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Automotive Experiences
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
ISSN : 26156202     EISSN : 26156636     DOI : 10.31603/ae
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Automotive experiences invite researchers to contribute ideas on the main scope of Emerging automotive technology and environmental issues; Efficiency (fuel, thermal and mechanical); Vehicle safety and driving comfort; Automotive industry and supporting materials; Vehicle maintenance and technical skills; and Transportation policies, systems, and road users behavior.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Otomotif
Articles 233 Documents
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Enhancing Stoichiometric Methane-Air Flames: The Role of N2O Replacement Purwanto, Aris; Saputro, Herman; Alhikami, Akhmad Faruq; Munir, Fudhail Abdul
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13422

Abstract

The oxidizer is used in aviation propellants for its relatively high impulse density and non-toxic nature. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide (N₂O) decomposes into approximately 33% oxygen (O₂) and 67% nitrogen (N₂), providing a higher oxygen content than ambient air. This decomposition enables N₂O to produce higher flame temperatures than air. Previous studies have shown that N₂O addition improves flame stability in methane combustion systems. This study examined the substitution of O₂ with N₂O in stoichiometric methane–air premixed flames, using both numerical and experimental methods. One-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations with CHEMKIN PRO revealed that replacing air with N₂O increases flame temperature but reduces laminar flame speed, mainly due to lower local oxygen concentrations in the reaction zone. The simulations also showed that nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions increase significantly in the post-reaction zone, while carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions decrease. Experimental results confirmed that controlled N₂O addition enhances flame stability, but excessive concentrations can trigger combustion instabilities. Overall, the findings indicate that introducing up to 20% N₂O can increase flame temperature and reduce CO emissions in methane flames.
Hybrid Catenary-Battery Trains for Non-Electrified Sections and Emergency Use Nizam, Muhammad; Maghfiroh, Hari; Putra, Mufti Reza Aulia; Jamaluddin, Anif; Inayati, Inayati
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13440

Abstract

The hybrid catenary–battery system offers a promising solution for railways operating in non-electrified sections and during emergencies, ensuring uninterrupted operation, enhanced safety, environmental sustainability, and cost efficiency. This study addresses the challenge of determining an appropriate battery size and introduces a novel rule-based Energy Management Strategy (EMS) with coasting mode to minimize energy consumption while meeting operational requirements. The novelty of this work lies in (i) a straightforward sizing method based on worst-case emergency scenarios and (ii) the integration of coasting-mode operation into a rule-based EMS for hybrid catenary–battery trains. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves up to 12.56% energy savings on 3% gradient tracks while fully supplying auxiliary loads, compared with baseline operation that provides only partial coverage. These results demonstrate a practical and scalable framework for designing efficient, reliable, and resilient railway transport systems.
Innovative Pickup Car Cooling System Based on Thermoelectric Coupled With Heat Pipe Sink Sukarno, Ragil; Rafael, Muhammad; Yoga, Nugroho Gama; Syaka, Darwin Rio Budi; Permana, Agus Agung; Gunawan, Yohanes; Kurniawati, Desy
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13494

Abstract

Pickup cars are one of the most important means of transportation in the distribution of goods and logistics. However, many customers choose pickup cars without air conditioning because they are less expensive and more energy-efficient, resulting in lower operating costs. Car air conditioning systems generally utilize vapor compression systems, which consume a significant amount of energy. Additionally, some studies on thermoelectric cooling face challenges due to incompatible and difficult-to-install designs within vehicle cabins. To address this issue, this research was conducted on developing an innovative compact air conditioning (AC) system for the cabin of a pickup car. This system utilizes thermoelectric cooling (TEC) combined with a heat pipe sink. This cooling system features a practical and installation-friendly design compared to previous work, which can be integrated into existing pickup models without significant modifications. It is designed as a cooling box that generates and circulates cold air within the cabin. In this testing, the cooling box comprises six-unit thermoelectric cooling, where each unit varies using one-stage TEC modules and two-stage TEC modules. A 175-watt and 200-watt heat was applied and varied in the cabin to simulate the cooling load, and the air outlet duct's velocity also varied at 2 m/s and 3 m/s. The results showed that the thermoelectric cooling systems can significantly reduce cabin temperature increases, lowering the rise by 11.0 °C for a single-stage TEC system and by 10.8 °C for a double-stage TEC system compared to the cabin without a cooling system. The highest COP value of 1.4 was obtained in the single-stage TEC cooling system at a velocity of 3 m/s. The results show the potential of an innovative thermoelectric cooling (TEC) system when combined with heat pipes, offering an alternative cooling solution for the cabin of a pickup car. This proposed cooling system can be adapted for vehicles that require compact and energy-efficient cooling solutions.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Structural Design for Lightweight Vehicle Chassis Maheswara, Dharma; Puspitasari, Poppy; Pramono, Diki Dwi; Permanasari, Avita Ayu; Sukarni, Sukarni
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13567

Abstract

This study presents a systematic optimization of a lightweight vehicle chassis design using Design of Experiments (DoE), Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to enhance structural performance while balancing mass efficiency and safety factor. Material selection and wall thickness variations were considered to achieve a compromise between minimal mass and a safety factor of at least 1.5. Pareto front analysis, combined with the Taguchi method, identified the optimal solution, Cycle Design 11, which achieved a safety factor of 1.9489, representing an increase of 0.7681 compared to the baseline design. The total mass of 3.5742 kg reflects a 32.13% increase from the baseline. ANOVA results confirmed that both material and wall thickness significantly influence safety factor and mass, providing critical guidance for design decisions. This multi-objective optimization approach demonstrates that integrating FEA with experimental design enables superior chassis designs compared to traditional single-objective methods, offering a practical strategy for developing lightweight, safe, and energy-efficient vehicles.
Aerodynamic Approach to Two-Passenger City Car Design: A Study of Square Back and Compact Shapes Putra, Randi Purnama; Yuvenda, Dori; Lapisa, Remon; Afnison, Wanda; Milana, Milana; Setiawan, M. Yasep; Arif, Ahmad; Harmanto, Dani
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13686

Abstract

The development of lightweight electric cars for urban mobility requires efficient aerodynamic design without sacrificing space efficiency. This study presents a novel method by investigating the combination of a two-seater city car's compact dimensions and square back shape, which has not been extensively researched for low- to medium-velocity vehicles. This study's objective is to assess the design's aerodynamic performance using numerical simulations using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. The vehicle model is designed with a compact body and square back, which is commonly used in small vehicles with high maneuverability requirements. The simulations are conducted at three different air velocity levels: 10, 20, and 30 m/s. The results of the study showed an increase in the value of the drag coefficient (Cd) along with an increase in flow velocity. At a velocity of 10 m/s, the Cd value was recorded at 0.4536. When the velocity increased to 20 m/s, the drag coefficient increased slightly to 0.4563. Further increases in velocity to 30 m/s resulted in a Cd value of 0.4581. This Cd value shows the consistency of aerodynamic performance with increasing velocity, with fluctuations that remain within the efficiency limits of lightweight vehicles. The pressure distribution contour shows high-pressure accumulation at the front and low pressure at the rear of the vehicle, which generates large turbulent wakes in the rear area and contributes to increased drag. These findings indicate that the square rear body design faces significant aerodynamic challenges. Therefore, design strategies such as adding a rear spoiler, using a rear diffuser, and optimizing the rear body angle are suggested as potential solutions to improve flow efficiency.
Hydrogen-induced Fuel System in RCCI Engine for Clean Combustion: A Review Eswanto, Eswanto; Hamidi, Mohd Adnin; Daud, Sarbani; Yusop, Ahmad Fitri; Umar, Kifli; Gunawan, Iwan
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13722

Abstract

Research in the field of internal combustion enigine using environmentally friendly fuels must be the main focus to increase efficiency, engine performance, reduction of exhaust gas emissions to clean combustion. Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) on the diesel engines can be used as an innovative solution to increase thermal efficiency and reduce emissions through bending of fuels with different reactivity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of hydrogen-induced fuels systems on RCCI engines, as well as its impact on engine performance, emissions to Clean Combustion. Various studies show that mixing hydrogen in RCCI engines can increase thermal efficiency, speed up the combustion process, and reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate metter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and Smoke Opacity emissions. This review provides insight into the trend of development of hydrogen-induced RCCI on diesel engines and its prospects in realizing a clean and efficient combustion system, so that future research focus is important for finding appropriate fuel mixtures, operating parameters, and choosing optimal engines by considering technical problems, thermodynamics, economics, and the environment, as well as exploring the potential implementation of this technology in the future.
Experimental Stress Analysis on Frame Structure of A 70-Passengers Electric Bus Kristianto, Stevanus Brian; Adhitya, Mohammad; Haryanto, Budi; Deprian, Lukyawan Pama; Aziz, Umar Abdul; Dwimansyah, Ridho; Sumarsono, Danardono Agus
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13757

Abstract

Structural strength testing of buses using static vertical load has not previously been explored to validate the structural integrity of bus frames. In this study, the static vertical load method was employed to validate the structural strength of the Universitas of Indonesia electric bus, which utilizes two different materials SS400 for the lower frame and Aluminum Alloy 6061 for the upper frame. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to identify critical areas on both the lower and upper frames. The stress values in the simulation were also obtained at the same location as the strain gauge placements in the experiment. Experimental vertical load testing was carried out by incrementally applying a load of 1000 kg up to the equivalent of 70 passengers, with an additional dynamic coefficient of 30% resulting in a maximum load of 6850 kg. Strain measurements were taken using 20 strain gauges on the lower frame and 8 on the upper frame. The experimental result showed the highest stress occurred at strain gauge no. 9 on the lower frame, measuring 78.10 MPa, and 15.32 MPa on the upper frame under 6850 kg load. The comparison between the simulation and experimental results reveals an 18% deviation. Nevertheless, both methods indicate the same critical area of the structure. The stress distribution indicated that the central deck area of the lower frame, where passengers sit and stand, experienced the highest loads. On the upper frame, significant stress was observed in the area where the air conditioning system is mounted. These findings demonstrate that static vertical load testing can be effectively used to validate the structural strength and stress distribution of electric buses, particularly in areas subject to concentrated loading.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Gasoline Fuel: Reaction Mechanism Engine Integration Siahaan, Enzo Wiranta Battra; Sitorus, Tulus Burhanuddin; Ambarita, Himsar; Nur, Taufiq Bin; Ilmi, Ilmi; Simanjuntak, Janter Pangaduan
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13822

Abstract

The escalating accumulation of plastic waste demands not only scalable but integrative conversion solutions. Among thermochemical routes, catalytic pyrolysis has emerged as a promising pathway to produce gasoline-range hydrocarbons from plastic polymers compatible with spark-ignition engines. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in pyrolysis of key plastics polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a focus on fuel yield, hydrocarbon distribution, and engine-level performance. Comparative analysis reveals PP as the most viable feedstock, achieving up to 85% liquid yield and producing oil with high Research Octane Numbers (RON 85–95), outperforming PE and PS in combustion efficiency and emission compliance. However, persistent challenges such as fuel instability, catalyst deactivation, and elevated aromatic emissions particularly from PS complicate real-world deployment. The review further dissects the interplay between catalyst type, reactor design, and post-treatment, highlighting how these variables modulate product quality and engine operability. Notably, 10–20% PP/PE-derived pyrolysis gasoline blends demonstrate near-parity with conventional gasoline in Brake Thermal Efficiency and regulated emissions, without requiring engine modifications. This work bridges molecular-level reaction chemistry with combustion diagnostics and policy-aligned emission metrics, offering a rare multiscale synthesis. By articulating process-emission-performance trade-offs, it provides a strategic reference for researchers and practitioners aiming to scale waste-to-fuel systems within circular economy frameworks.
An Investigation of Pull and Push Factors in the Commercialization Policy of Electric Motorcycles in Indonesia Nando, Fiky Two; Gunarta, I Ketut; Karningsih, Putu Dana
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13989

Abstract

The ongoing energy crisis underscores the pressing need for more efficient energy utilization, particularly in the transportation sector. In this regard, the shift from conventional fossil fuels to electric vehicles (EVs) is essential for achieving both environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. Several developing countries, including Indonesia, have introduced regulations to promote EV adoption. However, electric motorcycle sales remain stagnant due to persistently low adoption rates. The primary challenge lies in the limited success of commercialization efforts, which continues to hinder broader market penetration in Indonesia. This study aims to identify research opportunities that can support the commercialization of EVs in Indonesia and to explore the push and pull factors influencing this process. An exploratory approach is employed, incorporating bibliometric analysis using R 4.3.1, a scoping literature review, and in-depth interviews with EV experts. The bibliometric analysis highlights the considerable development potential of electric motorcycle commercialization. From in-depth interviews with eleven experts, forty-four influencing factors were identified: twenty-nine of which are newly emerging factors, and fifteen are already established in the literature. Among these, four pull factors were confirmed, while twelve push factors were consistently highlighted by the experts. “Inexpensive product price for consumers” emerged as the most dominant pull factor in accelerating electric motorcycle commercialization, whereas the provision of incentives was the most frequently emphasized push factor driving supportive commercialization policies.
A Multidimensional Comparison Assessing the Viability of Electric Vehicles in Jordan Across Key Performance Metrics Ben Tarief, Mohammad Ahmad; Qasim, Salah Aldeen; Al-mujafet, Hisham; Rababa, Saif addeen; Abu-Ein, Suleiman; Alaqbawe, Sakher
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14210

Abstract

This study presents the first field-based, OBD-II–supported comparison of an electric vehicle (Changan Eado EV300) and a gasoline vehicle (Kia K3, 2019) under realistic Jordanian driving conditions. Using a 100 km mixed-route test and annualized projections, we evaluate energy consumption, operating cost, greenhouse-gas emissions (including battery manufacturing amortization), dynamic performance, cabin noise/comfort, and payback of purchase-price premium. Results indicate that, under predominant home charging, EV energy costs are reduced by over 60% relative to the tested gasoline vehicle, and operational CO₂ emissions fall substantially when charged from a low-carbon grid; battery manufacturing increases lifecycle emissions but does not offset operational benefits under renewable charging scenarios. EVs deliver superior low-speed torque and smoother acceleration, while ICE vehicles retain advantages in raw range and refueling time. Payback of the purchase premium is estimated at ~5.6–7.5 years (without battery replacement) and can extend beyond a decade if mid-life battery replacement is required. Findings inform policy on charging infrastructure, tariff design, and battery-lifecycle management for Jordan and similar contexts.

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