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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Dinamis Automotive Experiences IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Jurnal Polimesin
Abdullah, Ilmi
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Pengaruh Perbedaan Jumlah Katalis terhadap Angka Yield pada Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Sisa Menggunakan Pemanas Double Jacket Suherman, Suherman; abdullah, ilmi; Sabri, Muhammad; Silitonga, Arridina Susan; Suroso, Bekti
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol 17, No 1 (2022): Volume 17, Nomor 1, April 2022
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v17i1.3148

Abstract

Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic and has a low carbon content, high lubricity, and Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic and has a low carbon content, high lubricity, and higher ash point than diesel. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the physicochemical properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) produced with different amounts of catalyst in the transesterification process. Methods This research carried out a two-step process: (1) esterification with an acid catalyst (H2SO4) and (2) transesterification with an alkali catalyst (KOH). The remaining frying oil is degummed by adding 2% H3PO4. Furthermore, the esterification process was carried out by adding 2% (v/v) H2SO4 at 800 rpm for 90 minutes. The transesterification process using an alkaline catalyst (KOH) was varied from 0.7-1.5% at a temperature of 60 oC with a rotation of 800 rpm and a time of 90 minutes. In the ester/transesterification process, the ratio of methanol: oil is 1:2 (v/v). The biofuels are then tested for cetane number, flash point, density, viscosity, calorific value, and others. The results showed that the amount of wet catalyst (KOH) in the transesterification process gave a difference in the yield of WCO oil. The optimum value was obtained at the amount of 1% KOH catalyst, which was 85%.
Analisa Performansi Bahan Bakar Biogas dan Bensin Terhadap Kualitas Pembakaran Pada Engine Genset 4 Tak 1 Silinder Kapasitas 80 cc Abdullah, Ilmi; Yudanto, Bagus Giri; Nasution, Arjanggi; Andiko, Rendi
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 1 No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v1i1.9

Abstract

This research studies the analysis of the performance of biogas fuel on exhaust gas emissions produced by the engine generator set and as an operational generator from gasoline-fueled to biogas fuel, modifications to the carburetor are necessary. In a complete combustion reaction there are inhibitory gases such as carbon dioxide, impurity gases such as hydrogen sulfide, and gases required for combustion such as oxygen, and incomplete combustion will produce monoxide gas. This test was carried out using gas chromatography at 0/no load, 300, 600, 900 Watt loading. The analysis carried out in this study includes the calorific value that occurs, the combustion reaction, power, torque, average adequate pressure, specific fuel consumption, and thermal events that occur in the generator. Based on the results of research conducted, it is more efficient to use purified biogas for the lowest CO2 emissions of 9.1089%, for O2 of 16.7165%. Based on the results of research conducted it is more efficient to use purified biogas for the lowest CO2 exhaust emissions of 9.1089%, for O2 of 16.7165% but in terms of combustion quality, the use of gasoline is better than biogas of 30381 kJ/kg due to the element content higher carbon gasoline.
Uji Potensi Limbah Panas dari Kompor Gas Satu dan Dua Tungku yang Dibuang ke Lingkungan Jufrizal, Jufrizal; Napitupulu, Farel H.; Abdullah, Ilmi; Ambarita, Himsar; Tarigan, Dicky Adrian Sera
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 1 No 2 (2022): Agustus
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v1i2.20

Abstract

This research aims to measure the temperature around the burner of a single and two-burner SNI gas stove experimentally. The method involves installing temperature sensors at various points around the burner to measure the temperature distribution during stove operation. Testing one stove with the maximum gas stove setting shows that the temperature of the flame (Tf), inner wall (Ti), and outer wall (To) has an average value of 515.7426°C, 159.4874°C, and 123 respectively. .9852°C. With the minimum gas stove setting, the average values ​​of Tf, Ti, and To are 412.9672°C, 101.7448°C, and 64.1360°C. For testing two stoves with the maximum gas stove setting, the average values ​​of Tf, Ti, and To were 666.9459°C, 146.0443°C, and 81.8967°C respectively, while for the minimum gas stove setting, The average values ​​of Tf, Ti, and To are 596.623°C, 94.6196°C, and 60.9590°C. The results of this measurement indicate that the heat lost to the environment through radiation is still significant, as can be seen from the high temperatures measured on the inner and outer walls of the plate around the burner. These findings are important for improving the design of gas stoves to increase energy efficiency and reduce heat lost to the environment.
A Review of Properties, Engine Performance, Emission Characteristics and Material Compatibility Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Suherman, Suherman; Abdullah, Ilmi; Sabri, M.; Turmuzi, Muhammad; Silitonga, Arridina Susan; Dharma, Surya; Yusfiani, Marnida
Automotive Experiences Vol 6 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.10128

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources, non-fossil. The chosen feedstock should ideally be low-cost. Using waste cooking oil can reduce synthetic biodiesel's price by up to 70%. However, biodiesel has the advantage of lower heating value and higher density, causing increased fuel consumption and NOx emissions. Biodiesel has physicochemical properties such as a more significant cetane number than fossil diesel, a high flash point, and the absence of sulfur. This study identifies the potential availability of WCO as biodiesel and summarizes recent studies on the physiochemical properties of WCO biodiesel. This study also aims to clarify the use of WCO biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics (H.C., CO, CO2, NOx) when this biodiesel is used. Engine type and biodiesel ratio were identified for all articles. This study also discusses the effect of adding nanoparticles on engine performance and exhaust emissions in WCO biodiesel. This study also clarifies material compatibility (corrosion, wear, and friction). The corrosion rate in various types of materials and corrosion testing methods. Finally, this paper presents the opportunity for WCO biodiesel to be very feasible to reduce fossil diesel use.
EFFECT OF WELDING CURRENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF ALUMINIUM AA1135 ALLOYS BY GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW) Suherman, Suherman; Abdullah, Ilmi; Suprianto; Darma, Surya; Hendri Budi Kurniyanto
DINAMIS Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): Dinamis
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/dinamis.v11i2.14334

Abstract

Aluminium alloys have a wide range of applications in the defence and aerospace industry, including for the manufacture of fuel tanks. The welding Current and type of filler metal significantly affect the microstructure formed and the mechanical strength of metal joints. This study aimed to determine the effect of the kind of filler metal (ER5356 filler metal) and welding current (140 amperes, 160 amperes, and 180 amperes) on the mechanical properties and microstructural of aluminium alloys AA1135 by the GTAW welding process. The results showed that the dendrite size increased with increasing welding current. Furthermore, the micro-hardness of the weld metal shows a decreasing trend with increasing welding current. The maximum tensile strength was obtained at a current power of 160 amperes, and all specimens failed at HAZ. The fracture surface of tensile test observations using SEM showed brittle fracture for Er5356 filler metal specimens, while on the fracture surface of the base metal tensile test specimens, it was observed to show ductile fracture. Welding with a current strength of 180 amperes has met the standard acceptance criteria because no cracks were found on the face bend or the root bend specimen
Analisa Pembebanan pada Bilah Pengaduk dan Poros Utama pada Mesin Pencampur Pupuk Majemuk dengan Sofware SOLIDWORK Suherman, Suherman; Abdullah, Ilmi; Suharlan, Didy; Sai'in, Ali; Harahap, Muchsin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 19 No. 1 (2024): Volume 19, Nomor 1, April 2024
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v19i1.5363

Abstract

A compound fertilizer mixing machine (mixer) is a type of machine used to produce compound fertilizer. This fertilizer consists of a mixture of humus fertilizer, animal manure and humus soil. This machine is very important in its use as a mixer of different types of fertilizer ingredients, so as to produce a homogeneous mixture. The aim of this research is to design a fertilizer mixing machine that can be used by small and medium industries and farmer groups. In this design, consider the factors that influence the strength of the main components, such as the drive shaft, mixing blade, belt transmission system, machine frame, etc. This research was carried out in three stages, namely the load simulation stage on the drive shaft and stirrer blade to determine the safety factor. The second stage is calculations in the design of the main components of the machine. In the final stage, the process of making the machine and testing is carried out. The design of this machine was simulated using SOLIDWORK 20 software. The simulation results using SOLIDWORK showed a minimum FOS (Factor of Safety) value of 2.98 on the stirrer blade and the main shaft had met the safety factor. The test results of this fertilizer mixing machine have a capacity of 950 kg/hour.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Biolubricants Castor Oil (Ricinus communis L.) Using a Homogeneous Catalyst for Hydraulic Engine Applications Suherman, Suherman; Muktar, Muharnif; Kurniawan, Rendy; Abdullah, Ilmi; Mawardi
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): Volume 20, Nomor 2, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v20i2.6669

Abstract

Lubricants are essential products that help reduce surface friction and improve machine efficiency. Lubricating oil consists of 90% base oil and 10% additives. Due to the presence of low molecular weight compounds, mineral-based lubricants exhibit a lower flash point and are not biodegradable, unlike natural oils with equivalent viscosity. Currently, mineral-based lubricants still dominate the global market, yet their environmental drawbacks and reliance on depleting petroleum resources have raised growing concerns. Although several studies have reported the potential of vegetable oils as biolubricants, challenges remain in terms of oxidative stability, viscosity control, and production scalability, which limit their widespread industrial application. The high dependence of the industrial and automotive sectors on lubricants, coupled with the depletion of petroleum reserves, drives the need to seek sustainable alternatives to support sustainable green economic development. This study aims to produce biolubricants from castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) using NaOH catalyst through an esterification method. Esterification was carried out by mixing the oil with alcohol in a molar ratio into a 250 ml three-neck flask, then heating it to 180 °C for 4 hours with 1–2% NaOH catalyst and a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 1:4. The results showed that the highest values of kinematic viscosity, viscosity index (VI), and density were 28.9 mm²/s, 90.3, and 884.9 kg/m³, respectively. The optimum biolubricant yield was obtained with 2% catalyst (80%). The produced biolubricant met the ISO VG 32 standard, which is widely applied in hydraulic oils, for turning, drilling, and sawing processes. These findings highlight that castor oil-based biolubricants can serve as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based lubricants; however, further research on long-term stability, wear resistance, and large-scale production remains necessary to bridge the gap towards industrial adoption.
Analysis of mechanical properties, microstructure, and distortion of Al6061-T6 alloys plate using GTA and GMA welding process Suherman, Suherman; Muharnif, Muharnif; Marzuki, Marzuki; Lubis, Yusuf; Pohan, Muhammad Ade syahputra; Aulia, Rakha Ramdan; Ali, Rizki M; Abdullah, Ilmi; Wan Hamzah, Azmi
Jurnal Polimesin Vol 23, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v23i2.6261

Abstract

This study compares the effect of filler metal and welding current of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) on Aluminium alloy Al6061-T6. Three different filler metals, ER4043, ER4047, and ER5356, were used with the GTAW welding process. The welded joints were created at three different welding currents (120, 130, and 140 A) by the GMAW with filler metals ER5356. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to analyze the surface fracture of impact test welding joints. The results showed that the GMAW process had the most optimum Ultimate Tensile Strenght (UTS) compared to the GTAW welding joint, especially for welding current 130 A. The impact strength of ER4047 filler metal with the GTAW process is higher than other joints (61 J/cm2). Optimum conditions were obtained by the GMAW welding process using a welding current of 130 A with maximum tensile strength and impact strength of 350 MPa and 53 J/cm2, respectively. SEM analysis showed obtained Mg2Si a globular morphology in ER4047 and ER5356 filler metals, and the dimples fracture is indicated at all joints with the GMAW and GTAW processes. Furthermore, increasing welding current by the GMAW process causes higher angular distortion, reduced vickers hardness but does not significantly affect the weld bead. Overall, the GMAW produces better physical and mechanical properties of weld joint compared to GTAW for all types of filler metals but results in greater angular distortion
Two Decades of Biodiesel Research from Waste Cooking Oil: A Bibliometric and Literature Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts Suherman, Suherman; Muharnif, Muharnif; Abdullah, Ilmi; Silitonga, Arridina Susan; Yusfiani, Marnida; Hamzah, Wan Azmi Wan
Automotive Experiences Vol 8 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14776

Abstract

Waste cooking oil (WCO) represents an abundant yet underutilised feedstock for biodiesel production, constrained primarily by challenges related to catalyst performance and recyclability. Conventional homogeneous catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), often suffer from deactivation after several reuse cycles due to leaching and sensitivity to impurities. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts, including calcium oxide (CaO) and biomass-derived materials, offer promising, reusable, and environmentally benign alternatives for WCO-based biodiesel synthesis. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and literature review examining global research trends in biodiesel production from WCO using heterogeneous catalysts. As environmental concerns and fossil fuel depletion intensify, biodiesel has gained increasing attention as a sustainable and renewable energy substitute. A total of 974 publications indexed in the Scopus database between 2006 and June 2024 were systematically analysed to identify key research trends, influential authors, geographical distribution, and thematic clusters. Data retrieved from the Scopus database were exported in RIS format and subsequently processed using VOSviewer for bibliometric visualisation. Keyword analysis revealed dominant clusters around “WCO biodiesel” and “heterogeneous catalysts”, encompassing research topics such as transesterification, oxidation stability, performance optimisation, and corrosion behaviour. The bibliometric mapping highlights strong interconnections among research themes, particularly those associated with catalysts, transesterification mechanisms, engine performance, and emission reduction. The literature review further evaluates various types of heterogeneous catalysts including CaO, biochar, and metal- and biomass-based catalysts focusing on their synthesis routes, physicochemical properties, and optimal operating conditions. Research productivity on WCO biodiesel peaked during 2020–2021 but declined after 2022, suggesting research saturation or shifting interest toward emerging renewable technologies. Co-country analysis identified India and Malaysia as leading contributors, while Tabatabaei et al. and Bae et al. were the most prolific authors. This study offers a holistic overview of research progress and future directions, providing valuable insights for advancing cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable biodiesel production technologies.
Co-Authors Ali, Rizki M Andiko, Rendi Arridina Susan Silitonga - Aulia, Rakha Ramdan Farel H. Napitupulu Hamzah, Wan Azmi Wan Hendri Budi Kurniyanto Himsar Ambarita Jufrizal Jufrizal Kurniawan, Rendy Lubis, Yusuf M. Sabri MARIA BINTANG Marzuki Marzuki Mawardi Muchsin Harahap Muhammad Sabri Muharnif M Muktar, Muharnif Nasution, Arjanggi Pohan, Muhammad Ade syahputra Sai'in, Ali Suharlan, Didy Suherman Suherman, Suherman Suroso, Bekti Surya Darma Surya Dharma Tarigan, Dicky Adrian Sera Wan Hamzah, Azmi Yudanto, Bagus Giri Yusfiani, Marnida